The effect of time of night on wake-dream continuity

Research has demonstrated a number of time-of-night and stage-of-sleep differences \nin dream content, such as that dreams from later in the night are longer, more emotional, \nand more bizarre. It was hypothesized that time of night may therefore demonstrate \ndifferences in the continuity of waking life into dreams. Participants (N 16) were \nsystematically awoken 4 times a night for 2 nights and rated their dreams for wake- \n–dream continuity on a number of dimensions. It was found that time of night affects \nwake–dream continuity overall, particularly showing an increase of bizarreness over \ntime; that there were more references to waking-life media in the early than late night; that \nthere were more references to waking-life activities and objects in the late than early night; \nand that the ways in which different types of wake–dream continuity correlate (such as \ncontinuity with present, past, and future waking life) change from the early to the late \nnight. No stage-of-sleep effects were able to be demonstrated. The results support the \nhypothesis that time of night affects wake–dream continuity

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