The 1904 Feis na nGleann

In the Irish cultural calendar the year 2004 was marked by the centenary of Bloomsday, the fictional day in June 1904, celebrated in James Joyce's Ulysses (1922), where Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom walk through Dublin. In reality, in 1904 the twenty-two-year-old Joyce attended and performed at a Feis Ceoil in Dublin's Ancient Concert Rooms, an episode far removed from his imagined flâneur odyssey in the style of Baudelaire, Mallarmé or Proust. Today Joyce is widely known and justly celebrated, but the multitude of feiseanna which took place throughout Ireland, from the inception of the Gaelic League in 1893 to the founding of Irish Free State in I922, have been all but forgotten. The year 1904 was a key date for such feiseanna which until then had largely comprised of poetry recitations and musical performances. For the first time feiseanna included exhibitions and displays of Irish art and craft which would become a stable component of the Gaelic League Oireachtas after 1906, and of the Free State Aonach Táilteann of 1922, 1924, 1928 and 1932. The first feis to introduce such an exhibition was the inaugural Feis na nGleann (Festival of the Nine Glens of Antrim and Rathlin Island), which also took place, like Joyce's Bloomsday, in June 1904

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