The speaking proficiency outcomes of face‐to‐face and online intensive summer LCTL programs

This article is the first large‐scale study to document the speaking proficiency outcomes of intensive programs in less commonly taught languages in US higher education. Speaking proficiency was measured by pre‐ and postprogram ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews ( N = 484) in 14 languages: Arabic, Bengali, Brazilian Portuguese, Hindi, Indonesian, Kazakh, Persian, Tamil, Thai, Tibetan, Turkish, Urdu, Uyghur, and Uzbek. The intensive programs are usually taught face‐to‐face but were offered fully online during the COVID‐19 pandemic. No significant difference in speaking proficiency outcomes, as measured by the ACTFL OPI, was found between the face‐to‐face and online formats. Students at all levels of instruction made significant gains in speaking proficiency, with greater gains made by students in Level 1 than at Levels 2‐3, and with wide variation within instructional levels. The average speaking proficiency outcomes were Advanced Low (Level 3), Intermediate High (Level 2), and between Intermediate Low and Intermediate Mid (Level 1)

Indo-European languages · Indonesian · Language proficiency · Linguistics · Mathematics education · Medical education · Tamil · Turkish · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Medicine · Psychology · Second Language Learning and Teaching · Subtitles and Audiovisual Media

• Navigating the remote language classroom

  Open Access•Rebecca Rubin Damari, Catherine Pulupa et al.•Language Teaching Research•2026

  Añadir item

• Domestic immersion in postsecondary language education

  Open Access•Kara Moranski•Modern Language Journal•2025

  Añadir item

• Context of Learning and Second Language Fluency in French

  Barbara F Freed, Norman Segalowitz et al.•Studies in Second Language…•2004

  Añadir item

• Statistical notes for clinical researchers

  Open Access•Hae-Young Kim, Hae‐Yeong Kim•Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics•2013

  Añadir item

• Using the ACTFL OPIc to assess proficiency and monitor progress in a tertiary foreign languages program

  Open Access•Daniel R Isbell, Paula Winke et al.•Language Testing•2019

  Añadir item

• Oral Proficiency Assessment

  Open Access•Margaret E Malone, Megan Montee et al.•Language and Linguistics Compass•2010

  Añadir item

• Enhancing instructor candidate oral proficiency through interdepartmental collaboration

  Open Access•Scott Kissau, Kristin J Davin et al.•Foreign Language Annals•2019

  Añadir item

• Planned online language education versus crisis‐prompted online language teaching

  Open Access•Adam Gacs, Senta Goertler et al.•Foreign Language Annals•2020

  Añadir item

• The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines and the Oral Proficiency Interview

  Open Access•Judith E Liskin‐Gasparro•Foreign Language Annals•2003

  Añadir item

• Less Commonly Taught Language and Commonly Taught Language Students

  Open Access•Alan V Brown•Foreign Language Annals•2009

  Añadir item

• Oral Proficiency Testing in the Real World

  Open Access•Elvira Swender•Foreign Language Annals•2003

  Añadir item

• Oral Proficiency Learning Outcomes and Curricular Design

  Open Access•Benjamin Rifkin•Foreign Language Annals•2003

  Añadir item

• Exploring the Effects of a Short‐Term Spanish Immersion Program in a Postsecondary Setting

  Open Access•Alice A Miano, Elizabeth B Bernhardt et al.•Foreign Language Annals•2016

  Añadir item

• Future directions in assessment

  Open Access•Troy L Cox, Margaret E Malone et al.•Foreign Language Annals•2018

  Añadir item

• Research on the Oral Proficiency Interview

  Open Access•Margaret E Malone•Foreign Language Annals•2003

  Añadir item

• Assessing Speaking Proficiency in the Undergraduate Curriculum

  Open Access•Sally Sieloff Magnan•Foreign Language Annals•1986

  Añadir item

• An Analysis of Results from the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview and the Chinese Proficiency Test Before and After Intensive Instruction in Chinese as a Foreign Language

  Open Access•Chuanren Ke, Daniel J Reed•Foreign Language Annals•1995

  Añadir item

• Study Abroad

  Open Access•Dan Davidson, Dan E Davidson•Foreign Language Annals•2010

  Añadir item

• Measuring oral proficiency in distance, face-to-face, and blended classrooms

  Open Access•Robert R Blake, Robert Blake et al.•Language Learning & Technology•2008

  Añadir item

• How Big Is "Big"? Interpreting Effect Sizes in L2 Research

  Open Access•Luke Plonsky, Frederick L Oswald•Language Learning•2014

  Añadir item

• Background Characteristics and Oral Proficiency Development Over Time in Lower-Division College Foreign Language Programs

  Open Access•Xiaowan Zhang, Paula Winke et al.•Language Learning•2020

  Añadir item

• Proficiency Reporting Practices in Research on Second Language Acquisition

  Open Access•Hae In Park, Megan Solon et al.•Language Learning•2022

  Añadir item