Is Personal Freedom a Western Value

No one must be disturbed because of his opinions, even in religious matters, provided their expression does not trouble the public order established by law. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789 Various forces and tendencies contending in the world of ideas bear directly on the identity of each person. The nation, the tribe, the state, the “ethnie” or sociocultural group, international institutions, and several nongovernmental transnational actors, including the great religions—all contend for adherents. Two things stand out in this cacophony: first, that individuals, nowadays, may have more than one affiliation; and, second, that affiliative choices increasingly can be made by individuals acting autonomously

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