An Introduction to the Social Psychology of Insults in Organizations

Datos Bibliográficos

ID9891682
AutoresYannis Gabriel (0000-0002-6265-1699, University of Bath, autor de correspondencia), Yiannis Gabriel (University of Bath)
Año1998
Volumen51
Número11
Páginas1329-1354
Fecha de publicación1998-11-01
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaHuman Relations (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 0018-7267 • E-ISSN: 1741-282X
EditorialSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/001872679805101101
OpenAlexW2099362803
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas38
Referencias citadas57

The author argues that insults are an important social and organizational phenomenon, which causes powerful emotions and enters peoplés personal histories. It is suggested that insults involve a perpetrator, a target and, often, an audience. The intention to insult is not necessary, as some insults are the result of misunderstanding or accident. However, the experience of being gratuitously offended and the corresponding feelings of shame, guilt, and anger are fundamental to insults. Several types of insults are observed, such as exclusion, stereotyping, obliteration of significant identity details, ingratitude, scapegoating, rudeness, broken promises, being ignored or kept waiting. Even more potent insults result from the defamation or despoiling of idealized objects, persons, or ideas. Different insult dynamics are noted; these include an apology, a commensurate retaliation, a disproportionate retaliation and possible escalation, a retaliation against a surrogate and weaker target than the perpetrator of the initial insult, an affected indifference with a possible delayed retaliation, or more commonly a resigned tolerance which may fuel subsequent insults. Insults as well as retaliation and resistance to them are part of an organization's political process which establishes, first, lines of domination/subordination, second, finer gradations of status and power, i.e., a pecking order, and third, opportunities for building coalitions and alliances. It is argued that insults allow for a certain mobility within a pecking order, by offering 'matches' for contestants to pitch their wit, venom, and courage against each other. They also enable audiences to take sides, thus influencing and testing the operation of coalitions and alliances

Anger · Business · Identity (music · Insult · Order (exchange · Pecking order · Political science · Politics · Power (physics · Scapegoating · Shame · Subordination (linguistics · Emotions and Moral Behavior · Law · Management and Organizational Studies · Psychology · Psychology of Social Influence · Social Psychology