Thomas G Pickering
Biographic Data
| ID | 100260 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Thomas G Pickering |
| GIVEN NAMES | Thomas G |
| FAMILY NAME | Pickering |
| SIGNATURE | PICKERING T G |
| AFFILIATIONS | NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital |
| ORCID | 0009-0001-6369-3807 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 20 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Racism and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Community Sample
Objective: Racism has been identified as a psychosocial stressor that may contribute to disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The goal of the present article was to investigate the relationship of perceived racism to ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in a sample of American-born Blacks and Latinos. Methods: Participants included English-speaking Black or Latino(a) adults between the ages of 24 and 65. They completed daily mood di…
Effect of Social Support on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping
OBJECTIVE: To determine if nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping among non-Hispanic blacks is influenced by social support. Non-Hispanic blacks have higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality from hypertension and are more likely to have ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) that remains high at night (nondipping). METHODS: A total of 68 non-Hispanic black normotensive and 13 untreated hypertensive participants (age 72 +/- 10 years, 48% fem…
Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals: Part 1: Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans: A Statement for Professionals From the Subcommittee of Professional and…
Accurate measurement of blood pressure is essential to classify individuals, to ascertain blood pressure–related risk, and to guide management. The auscultatory technique with a trained observer and mercury sphygmomanometer continues to be the method of choice for measurement in the office, using the first and fifth phases of the Korotkoff sounds, including in pregnant women. The use of mercury is declining, and alternatives are needed. Aneroid d…
Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular reactivity is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease. We describe three considerations that are crucial for a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress: the need for laboratory-life generalizability, the role of interactions between environmental exposures and individual response predispositions, and the importance of the duration of both stressor exposure and cardiova…
Psychological Variables in Hypertension: Relationship to Casual or Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Men
OBJECTIVE: The evidence linking hypertension with personality or psychological characteristics, such as anger, anxiety, or depression, remains equivocal. This may be due in part to limitations of personality theory, confounding by awareness of hypertension, and/or inherent difficulties in measuring blood pressure. This study was designed to investigate the association between mild hypertension as defined by both ambulatory and casual (clinic) blo…
Job Stress, Control, and Chronic Disease: Moving to the Next Level of Evidence
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY 10029-6574
Does the relationship of ambulatory blood pressure to position and location vary by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or body mass index?
The effects of position and location on ambulatory blood pressure, and the variability in these effects across individuals was examined. The extent to which the variability among individuals could be predicted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass was also assessed. The data include 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings of 246 subjects from an ongoing worksite study. A random coefficients model yielded estimates of within-person and b…
A Longitudinal Study of Job Strain and Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Results From a Three-Year Follow-up
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that exposure to "job strain" is related to increased ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). METHOD: Participants were 195 men who wore an ABP monitor for 24 hours on two occasions 3 years apart. Job strain status, evaluated at each assessment, was used to identify four groups: those not having job strain at either assessment (N = 138), those having job strain at both times (N = 15), and…
Does the relationship of ambulatory blood pressure to position and location vary by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or body mass index
The effects of position and location on ambulatory blood pressure, and the variability in these effects across individuals was examined. The extent to which the variability among individuals could be predicted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass was also assessed. The data include 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings of 246 subjects from an ongoing worksite study. A random coefficients model yielded estimates of within-person and b…
Social Support Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity: Is a Stranger as Effective as a Friend
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the effects on cardiovascular reactivity of social support from an audience member depend only on the behavior of that person or also depend on the relationship between the audience and the actor. That is, is there any added reduction in physiological response if the person who is nodding and smiling supportively is also a friend? METHOD: Ninety subjects gave a speech to an observer. In two of the conditions, th…
Body fat and fat distribution in relation to sex differences in blood pressure
The extent to which the relationship between body fat and blood pressure either differs by sex or explains sex differences in blood pressure is examined. Estimates of the relationship of blood pressure to several measures of adiposity in men and women were obtained from a systematic review of the literature and tests of whether these relationships differ by sex were performed. Analysis of covariance (controlling for age and race) was used for bot…
Social Support as a Moderator of Cardiovascular Reactivity in Women: A Test of the Direct Effects and Buffering Hypotheses
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity in women. Two models by which social support may operate were examined: the direct effects and buffering models. Twenty-six subjects were exposed to four conditions while playing a video game: two levels of stress (low, high) and two levels of social support (alone, together). Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. Rati…
Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Perceived Control Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity: Is Enhanced Control Always Beneficial
We have found that enhanced control has an attenuating effect on cardiovascular reactivity when effort of responding is maintained constant; however, not all individuals will react to increased control in the same manner. In the present study, 40 subjects engaged in a mental arithmetic task under high control (self-paced) and low control (externally paced) conditions. Subjects' self-efficacy concerning this task was assessed. As expected, signifi…
A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure
This study tested the hypothesis that reports of poor generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity measured in the laboratory to changes observed during everyday life are due to a lack of standardization of activities and position (sitting, standing) in the latter situation. Thirty-seven subjects engaged in reactivity testing, and then in a 4-hour series of standardized activities outside the laboratory (controlled ambulatory phase), accompanied…
Extreme changes in dietary sodium effect daily variability and level of blood pressure in borderline hypertensive patients
This study examined the effect of large changes in dietary sodium on the average ambulatory blood pressure and its variability in 19 patients with uncomplicated borderline hypertension. Each patient participated in a 16-week protocol that consisted of four 4-week periods of different sodium intake (medium (120-160 mEq/day) during periods 1 and 3 and low ( 225 mEq/day) during either period 2 or 4. The 24-hour urine sodium during the low and high p…
Perceived job stress, job strain, and hypertension
Perceived job stress, job strain, and hypertension. P L Schnall, P A Landsbergis, T G Pickering, and J E SchwartzCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.2.320 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Blood platelets, stress, and cardiovascular disease
The association between daily blood pressure and catecholamine variability in normotensive working women
Using ambulatory blood pressure monitors and timed urine collection techniques, blood pressure and the rates of urinary catecholamine excretion were compared across the work, home, and sleep environments of 45 women who perceived their work environment as most stressful (work stressed) and 35 women who perceived their home environment as equally or more stressful (home stressed) on the day of monitoring. The work-stressed women had higher systoli…
The multi-dimensional nature of active coping: Differential effects of effort and enhanced control on cardiovascular reactivity
Some studies show that enhanced control increases cardiovascular reactivity; other studies show decreases. This disparity may be due to a confound: enhanced control may reduce reactivity, but effort accompanying active coping may increase it. The present study was designed to vary level of control and availability of active coping responses, while maintaining effort constant. Sixty female undergraduates performed word-search puzzles while blood p…
Social support in social interaction: A moderator of cardiovascular reactivity
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity, which may be a factor in the development of heart disease and hypertension. An experiment was performed in which each of 40 subjects was the object of verbal attack in a discussion of a controversial issue. In each session, one subject and three confederates participated. Two of the confederates argued with the subject; in half the groups…
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: Assessing the diurnal variation of blood pressure
The purposes of this paper are to examine the effects of activity, situation of measurement, mood, and occupation on the daily variation of blood pressure and to discuss the potential utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in physical anthropological studies. The subjects of the blood pressure variability study are 125 men who were referred to the Hypertension Center at New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center for evaluation of hypertens…
Winter-summer differences in the effects of emotion, posture and place of measurement on blood pressure
Sex differences in factors affecting the daily variation of blood pressure
The influence of happiness, anger, and anxiety on the blood pressure of borderline hypertensives
Differences in blood pressure associated with reported happiness, anger, and anxiety are examined among 90 borderline hypertensives during 24-hr blood pressure monitoring. There were 1152 individual ambulatory blood pressure readings for which subjects classified their emotional state as happy (n = 628), angry (n = 67), or anxious (n = 457) on scales from one (low) to ten (high). Pressures were transformed to z-scores using the subject's 24-hr me…
Psychologic Differences Between High-, Normal-, and Low-Ren in Hypertensives
Sixty-one male subjects with mild untreated essential hypertension were classified by renin-sodium profiling as high renin (HR--13 Subjects), normal renin (NR--33 Subjects), or low renin (LR--15 Subjects). The HR subjects reported significantly more symptoms of sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, and psychotic thought than LR subjects on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). The NR subjects also reported more symptomatology than LR s…
Sex differences in factors affecting the daily variation of blood pressure
Winter-summer differences in the effects of emotion, posture and place of measurement on blood pressure
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: Assessing the diurnal variation of blood pressure
The purposes of this paper are to examine the effects of activity, situation of measurement, mood, and occupation on the daily variation of blood pressure and to discuss the potential utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in physical anthropological studies. The subjects of the blood pressure variability study are 125 men who were referred to the Hypertension Center at New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center for evaluation of hypertens…
Perceived job stress, job strain, and hypertension
Perceived job stress, job strain, and hypertension. P L Schnall, P A Landsbergis, T G Pickering, and J E SchwartzCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.2.320 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Situational Variations of Blood Pressure in Ambulatory Hypertensive Patients
Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at 15-min intervals for 24 hr in 60 untreated patients with uncomplicated mild essential hypertension using a new automatic noninvasive portable recorder. During the recording, the patients went about their normal daily routine, of which they kept a detailed record. The data were analyzed for five different recording situations: in the clinic, at work, at home, asleep, and average of the entire 24-hr pe…
Psychologic Differences Between High-, Normal-, and Low-Ren in Hypertensives
Sixty-one male subjects with mild untreated essential hypertension were classified by renin-sodium profiling as high renin (HR--13 Subjects), normal renin (NR--33 Subjects), or low renin (LR--15 Subjects). The HR subjects reported significantly more symptoms of sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, and psychotic thought than LR subjects on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). The NR subjects also reported more symptomatology than LR s…
The influence of happiness, anger, and anxiety on the blood pressure of borderline hypertensives
Differences in blood pressure associated with reported happiness, anger, and anxiety are examined among 90 borderline hypertensives during 24-hr blood pressure monitoring. There were 1152 individual ambulatory blood pressure readings for which subjects classified their emotional state as happy (n = 628), angry (n = 67), or anxious (n = 457) on scales from one (low) to ten (high). Pressures were transformed to z-scores using the subject's 24-hr me…
Sex differences in factors affecting the daily variation of blood pressure
Winter-summer differences in the effects of emotion, posture and place of measurement on blood pressure
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: Assessing the diurnal variation of blood pressure
The purposes of this paper are to examine the effects of activity, situation of measurement, mood, and occupation on the daily variation of blood pressure and to discuss the potential utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in physical anthropological studies. The subjects of the blood pressure variability study are 125 men who were referred to the Hypertension Center at New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center for evaluation of hypertens…
The multi-dimensional nature of active coping: Differential effects of effort and enhanced control on cardiovascular reactivity
Some studies show that enhanced control increases cardiovascular reactivity; other studies show decreases. This disparity may be due to a confound: enhanced control may reduce reactivity, but effort accompanying active coping may increase it. The present study was designed to vary level of control and availability of active coping responses, while maintaining effort constant. Sixty female undergraduates performed word-search puzzles while blood p…
Social support in social interaction: A moderator of cardiovascular reactivity
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity, which may be a factor in the development of heart disease and hypertension. An experiment was performed in which each of 40 subjects was the object of verbal attack in a discussion of a controversial issue. In each session, one subject and three confederates participated. Two of the confederates argued with the subject; in half the groups…
Blood platelets, stress, and cardiovascular disease
The association between daily blood pressure and catecholamine variability in normotensive working women
Using ambulatory blood pressure monitors and timed urine collection techniques, blood pressure and the rates of urinary catecholamine excretion were compared across the work, home, and sleep environments of 45 women who perceived their work environment as most stressful (work stressed) and 35 women who perceived their home environment as equally or more stressful (home stressed) on the day of monitoring. The work-stressed women had higher systoli…
A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure
This study tested the hypothesis that reports of poor generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity measured in the laboratory to changes observed during everyday life are due to a lack of standardization of activities and position (sitting, standing) in the latter situation. Thirty-seven subjects engaged in reactivity testing, and then in a 4-hour series of standardized activities outside the laboratory (controlled ambulatory phase), accompanied…
Extreme changes in dietary sodium effect daily variability and level of blood pressure in borderline hypertensive patients
This study examined the effect of large changes in dietary sodium on the average ambulatory blood pressure and its variability in 19 patients with uncomplicated borderline hypertension. Each patient participated in a 16-week protocol that consisted of four 4-week periods of different sodium intake (medium (120-160 mEq/day) during periods 1 and 3 and low ( 225 mEq/day) during either period 2 or 4. The 24-hour urine sodium during the low and high p…
Perceived job stress, job strain, and hypertension
Perceived job stress, job strain, and hypertension. P L Schnall, P A Landsbergis, T G Pickering, and J E SchwartzCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.2.320 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Body fat and fat distribution in relation to sex differences in blood pressure
The extent to which the relationship between body fat and blood pressure either differs by sex or explains sex differences in blood pressure is examined. Estimates of the relationship of blood pressure to several measures of adiposity in men and women were obtained from a systematic review of the literature and tests of whether these relationships differ by sex were performed. Analysis of covariance (controlling for age and race) was used for bot…
Social Support as a Moderator of Cardiovascular Reactivity in Women: A Test of the Direct Effects and Buffering Hypotheses
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity in women. Two models by which social support may operate were examined: the direct effects and buffering models. Twenty-six subjects were exposed to four conditions while playing a video game: two levels of stress (low, high) and two levels of social support (alone, together). Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. Rati…
Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Perceived Control Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity: Is Enhanced Control Always Beneficial
We have found that enhanced control has an attenuating effect on cardiovascular reactivity when effort of responding is maintained constant; however, not all individuals will react to increased control in the same manner. In the present study, 40 subjects engaged in a mental arithmetic task under high control (self-paced) and low control (externally paced) conditions. Subjects' self-efficacy concerning this task was assessed. As expected, signifi…
Social Support Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity: Is a Stranger as Effective as a Friend
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the effects on cardiovascular reactivity of social support from an audience member depend only on the behavior of that person or also depend on the relationship between the audience and the actor. That is, is there any added reduction in physiological response if the person who is nodding and smiling supportively is also a friend? METHOD: Ninety subjects gave a speech to an observer. In two of the conditions, th…
Does the relationship of ambulatory blood pressure to position and location vary by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or body mass index?
The effects of position and location on ambulatory blood pressure, and the variability in these effects across individuals was examined. The extent to which the variability among individuals could be predicted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass was also assessed. The data include 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings of 246 subjects from an ongoing worksite study. A random coefficients model yielded estimates of within-person and b…
A Longitudinal Study of Job Strain and Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Results From a Three-Year Follow-up
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that exposure to "job strain" is related to increased ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). METHOD: Participants were 195 men who wore an ABP monitor for 24 hours on two occasions 3 years apart. Job strain status, evaluated at each assessment, was used to identify four groups: those not having job strain at either assessment (N = 138), those having job strain at both times (N = 15), and…
Does the relationship of ambulatory blood pressure to position and location vary by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or body mass index
The effects of position and location on ambulatory blood pressure, and the variability in these effects across individuals was examined. The extent to which the variability among individuals could be predicted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass was also assessed. The data include 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings of 246 subjects from an ongoing worksite study. A random coefficients model yielded estimates of within-person and b…
Psychological Variables in Hypertension: Relationship to Casual or Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Men
OBJECTIVE: The evidence linking hypertension with personality or psychological characteristics, such as anger, anxiety, or depression, remains equivocal. This may be due in part to limitations of personality theory, confounding by awareness of hypertension, and/or inherent difficulties in measuring blood pressure. This study was designed to investigate the association between mild hypertension as defined by both ambulatory and casual (clinic) blo…
Job Stress, Control, and Chronic Disease: Moving to the Next Level of Evidence
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY 10029-6574
Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular reactivity is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease. We describe three considerations that are crucial for a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress: the need for laboratory-life generalizability, the role of interactions between environmental exposures and individual response predispositions, and the importance of the duration of both stressor exposure and cardiova…
Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals: Part 1: Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans: A Statement for Professionals From the Subcommittee of Professional and…
Accurate measurement of blood pressure is essential to classify individuals, to ascertain blood pressure–related risk, and to guide management. The auscultatory technique with a trained observer and mercury sphygmomanometer continues to be the method of choice for measurement in the office, using the first and fifth phases of the Korotkoff sounds, including in pregnant women. The use of mercury is declining, and alternatives are needed. Aneroid d…
Racism and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Community Sample
Objective: Racism has been identified as a psychosocial stressor that may contribute to disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The goal of the present article was to investigate the relationship of perceived racism to ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in a sample of American-born Blacks and Latinos. Methods: Participants included English-speaking Black or Latino(a) adults between the ages of 24 and 65. They completed daily mood di…
Medicine (26 works) · Internal Medicine (22 works) · Blood pressure (21 works) · Internal Medicine (19 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Ambulatory blood pressure (12 works) · Ambulatory (10 works) · Psychiatry (10 works) · Cardiac Health and Mental Health (9 works) · Cardiology (9 works)