Michael A Stoll
Biographic Data
| ID | 1005688 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael A Stoll |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael A |
| FAMILY NAME | Stoll |
| SIGNATURE | STOLL M A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Los Angeles |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4082-4859 |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 197 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Race, Perceived Criminality and Housing Choice Voucher Recipients: Do Black Voucher Recipients’ Moves to the Suburbs Increase Crime Rates
Public attention has focused on especially Black Housing Choice Voucher Recipients’ (HCVRs) residential mobility and whether and to what extent crime is influenced as a result. This paper adds to the growing empirical literature on this question by focusing on the race of HCVRs and examining whether changes in Black HCVRs presence in suburban areas over time is followed by changes in crime rates among the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the cou…
Race, Space and Youth Labor Markets
The purpose of this book is to examine whether physical distance from jobs or racial discrimination in youth labor markets explains a greater part of minority youth’s employment problems. First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Spatial Mismatch in the US: The Primacy of Racial Segregation
Despite declines in racial segregation across most US metropolitan areas in recent years, racial and ethnic minorities still display uneven geographical access to jobs but consistently inferior to that of Whites. This article provides a detailed analysis of the factors driving racial and ethnic gaps in spatial mismatch conditions across US metropolitan areas. Using data primarily from the 1990 and 2000 US censuses, and the 1994 and 1999 US Depart…
The Effect of Criminal Background Checks on Hiring Ex‐offenders
Research Summary The rapid increase in the nation's incarceration rate over the past decade has raised questions about how to reintegrate a growing number of ex‐offenders successfully. Employment has been shown to be an important factor in reintegration, especially for men over the age of 27 years who characterize most individuals released from prison. This article explores this question using unique establishment‐level data collected in Los Ange…
Barriers to Reentry: The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-Industrial America
"This volume originally grew out of the joint Russell Sage Foundtion and Rockefeller Foundation research program on the Future of Work"--P. ix
Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles
Auto insurance rates can vary dramatically, with much higher premiums in poor and minority areas than elsewhere, even after accounting for individual characteristics, driving history, and coverage. This paper uses a unique data set to examine the relative influence of place‐based socioeconomic characteristics (or redlining) and place‐based risk factors on the place‐based component of automobile insurance premiums. We use a novel approach of combi…
Immigration and Civic Participation in a Multiracial and Multiethnic Context
This article seeks to understand civic participation among Asians and Latinos in a multiethnic, multiracial context. We investigate the usefulness of an expanded model of civic engagement, one that makes central factors related to migration, such as length of residence, language acquisition, and citizenship, for groups that include a large number of immigrants. The 1992–1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality allows us to test a model of civi…
Perceived Criminality, Criminal Background Checks, and the Racial Hiring Practices of Employers
In this paper, we analyze the effect of employer‐initiated criminal background checks on the likelihood that employers hire African Americans. We find that employers who check criminal backgrounds are more likely to hire African American workers, especially men. This effect is stronger among those employers who report an aversion to hiring those with criminal records than among those who do not. We also find similar effects of employer aversion t…
Employers in the Boom: How Did the Hiring of Less-Skilled Workers Change during the 1990s
Employers became more willing to hire a range of disadvantaged workers during the 1990s boom—including minorities, workers with certain stigmas (such as welfare recipients), and those without recent experience or high school diplomas. The wages paid to newly hired less-skilled workers also increased. On the other hand, employers' demand for specific skill certification rose over time, as did their use of certain screens. The results suggest that …
Job sprawl, spatial mismatch, and black employment disadvantage: Job Sprawl, Spatial Mismatch, and Black Employment Disadvantage
This paper examines the relationship between job sprawl and the spatial mismatch between blacks and jobs. Using data from a variety of sources, including the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census and U.S. Department of Commerce's ZIP Code Business Patterns, I control extensively for metropolitan area characteristics and other factors. In addition, I use metropolitan area physical geography characteristics as instruments for job sprawl to address the problem …
Geographical Skills Mismatch, Job Search and Race
This paper examines whether a geographical skills mismatch exists between the location of less-educated minorities, in particular African Americans, and high-skill job concentrations and, if so, whether it contributes to the relatively poor employment outcomes of this group. It explores these questions by examining data on the recent geographical search patterns of less-educated workers in Los Angeles and Atlanta from the Multi-city Study of Urba…
Job Performance and Retention among Welfare Recipients
Using data from a recent survey of employers, this article analyzes job performance and retention rates of recently hired welfare recipients. The findings suggest that most recipients perform as well as or better than employees in comparable jobs and that their turnover rates appear fairly low. Still, employers frequently note absenteeism and poor attitudes toward work, problems that are strongly linked to turnover and weak job performance. Vario…
Black Job Applicants and the Hiring Officer's Race
Recent studies have consistently found that in the United States, black job applicants are hired at a greater rate by establishments with black hiring agents than by those with white hiring agents. The results of this examination of data from the 1992-94 Multi-City Employer Survey suggest two proximate reasons for this pattern: black hiring agents receive applications from blacks at greater rates than do white hiring agents, and they hire a great…
Sharing America's Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration , by Ingrid Gould Ellen
Spatial Job Search and Job Competition Among Immigrant and Native Groups in Los Angeles
This paper examines the effect of immigrant job searchers on the employment and wages of native and immigrant groups in Los Angeles. Using data from the 1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality (LASUI), we use variation in the spatial job search patterns of immigrant groups to estimate the effect of immigrant job searchers on natives' labour market outcomes. First, the results indicate that the spatial job search patterns of native and immigra…
Within cities and suburbs: Racial residential concentration and the spatial distribution of employment opportunities across sub‐metropolitan areas
This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated…
Within cities and suburbs: Racial residential concentration and the spatial distribution of employment opportunities across sub-metropolitan areas
This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated…
Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate against African-Americans
Racial Differences in Spatial Job Search Patterns: Exploring the Causes and Consequences
In this paper, we present an analysis of the spatial job search patterns of black, white, and Latino workers in Los Angeles. We find that blacks and Latinos tend to search in areas where employment growth is low, whereas whites tend to search in areas where it is high. Moreover, over half of the mean racial and ethnic differences in the quality of spatial job search (as measured by mean employment growth in areas searched) is explained by racial …
Spatial mismatch, discrimination, and male youth employment in the Washington, DC area: Implications for residential mobility policies
Residential mobility policies are in part premised on the assumption that place and not race explains blacks' joblessness in central cities. The article investigates the potential effects of residential mobility programs by analyzing a “natural” black residential mobility process in the Washington, DC area, where black suburbanization has coincided with suburban job growth. Using data from the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), this article…
Spatial Job Search, Spatial Mismatch, and the Employment and Wages of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles
When Jobs Move, Do Black and Latino Men Lose? The Effect of Growth in Job Decentralisation on Young Men's Jobless Incidence and Duration
The spatial mismatch hypothesis suggests that the movement of jobs from central cities to suburbs negatively affects blacks' employment both absolutely and relative to whites. In this paper, data are used from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the 1972 and 1982 US Census of Industries to examine the effect of growth in metropolitan job decentralisation on young males' jobless incidence and duration. Overall, growth in job decentr…
The Effect of Criminal Background Checks on Hiring Ex‐offenders
Research Summary The rapid increase in the nation's incarceration rate over the past decade has raised questions about how to reintegrate a growing number of ex‐offenders successfully. Employment has been shown to be an important factor in reintegration, especially for men over the age of 27 years who characterize most individuals released from prison. This article explores this question using unique establishment‐level data collected in Los Ange…
Spatial Job Search, Spatial Mismatch, and the Employment and Wages of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles
Racial Differences in Spatial Job Search Patterns: Exploring the Causes and Consequences
In this paper, we present an analysis of the spatial job search patterns of black, white, and Latino workers in Los Angeles. We find that blacks and Latinos tend to search in areas where employment growth is low, whereas whites tend to search in areas where it is high. Moreover, over half of the mean racial and ethnic differences in the quality of spatial job search (as measured by mean employment growth in areas searched) is explained by racial …
Immigration and Civic Participation in a Multiracial and Multiethnic Context
This article seeks to understand civic participation among Asians and Latinos in a multiethnic, multiracial context. We investigate the usefulness of an expanded model of civic engagement, one that makes central factors related to migration, such as length of residence, language acquisition, and citizenship, for groups that include a large number of immigrants. The 1992–1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality allows us to test a model of civi…
Job Performance and Retention among Welfare Recipients
Using data from a recent survey of employers, this article analyzes job performance and retention rates of recently hired welfare recipients. The findings suggest that most recipients perform as well as or better than employees in comparable jobs and that their turnover rates appear fairly low. Still, employers frequently note absenteeism and poor attitudes toward work, problems that are strongly linked to turnover and weak job performance. Vario…
Black Job Applicants and the Hiring Officer's Race
Recent studies have consistently found that in the United States, black job applicants are hired at a greater rate by establishments with black hiring agents than by those with white hiring agents. The results of this examination of data from the 1992-94 Multi-City Employer Survey suggest two proximate reasons for this pattern: black hiring agents receive applications from blacks at greater rates than do white hiring agents, and they hire a great…
Geographical Skills Mismatch, Job Search and Race
This paper examines whether a geographical skills mismatch exists between the location of less-educated minorities, in particular African Americans, and high-skill job concentrations and, if so, whether it contributes to the relatively poor employment outcomes of this group. It explores these questions by examining data on the recent geographical search patterns of less-educated workers in Los Angeles and Atlanta from the Multi-city Study of Urba…
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Spatial Mismatch in the US: The Primacy of Racial Segregation
Despite declines in racial segregation across most US metropolitan areas in recent years, racial and ethnic minorities still display uneven geographical access to jobs but consistently inferior to that of Whites. This article provides a detailed analysis of the factors driving racial and ethnic gaps in spatial mismatch conditions across US metropolitan areas. Using data primarily from the 1990 and 2000 US censuses, and the 1994 and 1999 US Depart…
Job sprawl, spatial mismatch, and black employment disadvantage: Job Sprawl, Spatial Mismatch, and Black Employment Disadvantage
This paper examines the relationship between job sprawl and the spatial mismatch between blacks and jobs. Using data from a variety of sources, including the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census and U.S. Department of Commerce's ZIP Code Business Patterns, I control extensively for metropolitan area characteristics and other factors. In addition, I use metropolitan area physical geography characteristics as instruments for job sprawl to address the problem …
Spatial Job Search and Job Competition Among Immigrant and Native Groups in Los Angeles
This paper examines the effect of immigrant job searchers on the employment and wages of native and immigrant groups in Los Angeles. Using data from the 1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality (LASUI), we use variation in the spatial job search patterns of immigrant groups to estimate the effect of immigrant job searchers on natives' labour market outcomes. First, the results indicate that the spatial job search patterns of native and immigra…
Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate against African-Americans
When Jobs Move, Do Black and Latino Men Lose? The Effect of Growth in Job Decentralisation on Young Men's Jobless Incidence and Duration
The spatial mismatch hypothesis suggests that the movement of jobs from central cities to suburbs negatively affects blacks' employment both absolutely and relative to whites. In this paper, data are used from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the 1972 and 1982 US Census of Industries to examine the effect of growth in metropolitan job decentralisation on young males' jobless incidence and duration. Overall, growth in job decentr…
Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles
Auto insurance rates can vary dramatically, with much higher premiums in poor and minority areas than elsewhere, even after accounting for individual characteristics, driving history, and coverage. This paper uses a unique data set to examine the relative influence of place‐based socioeconomic characteristics (or redlining) and place‐based risk factors on the place‐based component of automobile insurance premiums. We use a novel approach of combi…
When Jobs Move, Do Black and Latino Men Lose? The Effect of Growth in Job Decentralisation on Young Men's Jobless Incidence and Duration
The spatial mismatch hypothesis suggests that the movement of jobs from central cities to suburbs negatively affects blacks' employment both absolutely and relative to whites. In this paper, data are used from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the 1972 and 1982 US Census of Industries to examine the effect of growth in metropolitan job decentralisation on young males' jobless incidence and duration. Overall, growth in job decentr…
Spatial mismatch, discrimination, and male youth employment in the Washington, DC area: Implications for residential mobility policies
Residential mobility policies are in part premised on the assumption that place and not race explains blacks' joblessness in central cities. The article investigates the potential effects of residential mobility programs by analyzing a “natural” black residential mobility process in the Washington, DC area, where black suburbanization has coincided with suburban job growth. Using data from the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), this article…
Spatial Job Search, Spatial Mismatch, and the Employment and Wages of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles
Within cities and suburbs: Racial residential concentration and the spatial distribution of employment opportunities across sub‐metropolitan areas
This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated…
Within cities and suburbs: Racial residential concentration and the spatial distribution of employment opportunities across sub-metropolitan areas
This article examines and compares the spatial distributions of new jobs and people across sub-metropolitan areas for Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles. The jobs data come from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the data on people come from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people, public assistance recipients, and especially poor females with children mostly reside in areas heavily populated…
Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate against African-Americans
Racial Differences in Spatial Job Search Patterns: Exploring the Causes and Consequences
In this paper, we present an analysis of the spatial job search patterns of black, white, and Latino workers in Los Angeles. We find that blacks and Latinos tend to search in areas where employment growth is low, whereas whites tend to search in areas where it is high. Moreover, over half of the mean racial and ethnic differences in the quality of spatial job search (as measured by mean employment growth in areas searched) is explained by racial …
Sharing America's Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration , by Ingrid Gould Ellen
Spatial Job Search and Job Competition Among Immigrant and Native Groups in Los Angeles
This paper examines the effect of immigrant job searchers on the employment and wages of native and immigrant groups in Los Angeles. Using data from the 1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality (LASUI), we use variation in the spatial job search patterns of immigrant groups to estimate the effect of immigrant job searchers on natives' labour market outcomes. First, the results indicate that the spatial job search patterns of native and immigra…
Job Performance and Retention among Welfare Recipients
Using data from a recent survey of employers, this article analyzes job performance and retention rates of recently hired welfare recipients. The findings suggest that most recipients perform as well as or better than employees in comparable jobs and that their turnover rates appear fairly low. Still, employers frequently note absenteeism and poor attitudes toward work, problems that are strongly linked to turnover and weak job performance. Vario…
Black Job Applicants and the Hiring Officer's Race
Recent studies have consistently found that in the United States, black job applicants are hired at a greater rate by establishments with black hiring agents than by those with white hiring agents. The results of this examination of data from the 1992-94 Multi-City Employer Survey suggest two proximate reasons for this pattern: black hiring agents receive applications from blacks at greater rates than do white hiring agents, and they hire a great…
Geographical Skills Mismatch, Job Search and Race
This paper examines whether a geographical skills mismatch exists between the location of less-educated minorities, in particular African Americans, and high-skill job concentrations and, if so, whether it contributes to the relatively poor employment outcomes of this group. It explores these questions by examining data on the recent geographical search patterns of less-educated workers in Los Angeles and Atlanta from the Multi-city Study of Urba…
Perceived Criminality, Criminal Background Checks, and the Racial Hiring Practices of Employers
In this paper, we analyze the effect of employer‐initiated criminal background checks on the likelihood that employers hire African Americans. We find that employers who check criminal backgrounds are more likely to hire African American workers, especially men. This effect is stronger among those employers who report an aversion to hiring those with criminal records than among those who do not. We also find similar effects of employer aversion t…
Employers in the Boom: How Did the Hiring of Less-Skilled Workers Change during the 1990s
Employers became more willing to hire a range of disadvantaged workers during the 1990s boom—including minorities, workers with certain stigmas (such as welfare recipients), and those without recent experience or high school diplomas. The wages paid to newly hired less-skilled workers also increased. On the other hand, employers' demand for specific skill certification rose over time, as did their use of certain screens. The results suggest that …
Job sprawl, spatial mismatch, and black employment disadvantage: Job Sprawl, Spatial Mismatch, and Black Employment Disadvantage
This paper examines the relationship between job sprawl and the spatial mismatch between blacks and jobs. Using data from a variety of sources, including the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census and U.S. Department of Commerce's ZIP Code Business Patterns, I control extensively for metropolitan area characteristics and other factors. In addition, I use metropolitan area physical geography characteristics as instruments for job sprawl to address the problem …
Barriers to Reentry: The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-Industrial America
"This volume originally grew out of the joint Russell Sage Foundtion and Rockefeller Foundation research program on the Future of Work"--P. ix
Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles
Auto insurance rates can vary dramatically, with much higher premiums in poor and minority areas than elsewhere, even after accounting for individual characteristics, driving history, and coverage. This paper uses a unique data set to examine the relative influence of place‐based socioeconomic characteristics (or redlining) and place‐based risk factors on the place‐based component of automobile insurance premiums. We use a novel approach of combi…
Immigration and Civic Participation in a Multiracial and Multiethnic Context
This article seeks to understand civic participation among Asians and Latinos in a multiethnic, multiracial context. We investigate the usefulness of an expanded model of civic engagement, one that makes central factors related to migration, such as length of residence, language acquisition, and citizenship, for groups that include a large number of immigrants. The 1992–1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality allows us to test a model of civi…
The Effect of Criminal Background Checks on Hiring Ex‐offenders
Research Summary The rapid increase in the nation's incarceration rate over the past decade has raised questions about how to reintegrate a growing number of ex‐offenders successfully. Employment has been shown to be an important factor in reintegration, especially for men over the age of 27 years who characterize most individuals released from prison. This article explores this question using unique establishment‐level data collected in Los Ange…
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Spatial Mismatch in the US: The Primacy of Racial Segregation
Despite declines in racial segregation across most US metropolitan areas in recent years, racial and ethnic minorities still display uneven geographical access to jobs but consistently inferior to that of Whites. This article provides a detailed analysis of the factors driving racial and ethnic gaps in spatial mismatch conditions across US metropolitan areas. Using data primarily from the 1990 and 2000 US censuses, and the 1994 and 1999 US Depart…
Race, Space and Youth Labor Markets
The purpose of this book is to examine whether physical distance from jobs or racial discrimination in youth labor markets explains a greater part of minority youth’s employment problems. First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Race, Perceived Criminality and Housing Choice Voucher Recipients: Do Black Voucher Recipients’ Moves to the Suburbs Increase Crime Rates
Public attention has focused on especially Black Housing Choice Voucher Recipients’ (HCVRs) residential mobility and whether and to what extent crime is influenced as a result. This paper adds to the growing empirical literature on this question by focusing on the race of HCVRs and examining whether changes in Black HCVRs presence in suburban areas over time is followed by changes in crime rates among the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the cou…
Economics (20 works) · Demographic economics (18 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Geography (13 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (13 works) · Political science (12 works) · Demography (10 works) · Business (9 works) · Metropolitan area (9 works) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (9 works)