T P Wiseman
Biographic Data
| ID | 1007546 |
|---|---|
| NAME | T P Wiseman |
| GIVEN NAMES | T P |
| FAMILY NAME | Wiseman |
| SIGNATURE | WISEMAN T P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Exeter |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 97 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 546 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 94 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1899 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Myth, History and Archaeology: Essays and Reviews, 2000-2025
Numa the Pythagorean
One of the more puzzling problems in Greco-Roman historiography is the very strong tradition that Numa Pompilius, creator of the Romans’ religious system, was a pupil of Pythagoras, who set up his school in south Italy about 530 bc. The idea was denounced by Cicero and Livy as an anachronistic fiction—but how could it have come to be so widely believed? This article draws attention to the very extensive Pythagorean material reproduced in Plutarc…
The Lost History of Roman Theatre
Investigating the origins of theatre in archaic Rome Theatre was an integral part of Roman civic, religious and political life for nearly a thousand years, but our understanding of it is skewed by the haphazard survival of usable evidence. The widely accepted date for the beginning of Roman drama is 240 BC, but that is only the date of the first known dramatic works. Theatre as a public spectacle was created in Athens and in Greek Sicily at the e…
Plutarch, Dionysius, and the Creation of Romulus
By taking account of some particular idiosyncracies in Plutarch’s account of Romulus, and applying the revised understanding of archaic Rome that recent archae- ological advances have brought about, this essay proposes historical contexts for the creation of the stories that became episodes in the life of the first king. It resists the idea, recently proposed, that the story of Romulus was already in existence in the eighth or ninth century BC, a…
Catullan Questions Revisited
Catullan Questions Revisited offers a new insight into the brilliant poet who loved an aristocratic girl, attacked Julius Caesar and became a satirical playwright. Insisting on scrupulous use of the primary sources, Peter Wiseman combines textual, historical and even archaeological evidence to explode the orthodox view of Catullus' life and work. 'Lesbia' was not a woman in her thirties, as has been believed for 150 years, but a girl only recentl…
Access for Augustus: The ‘House of Livia’ and the Palatine Passages
This article draws attention to a neglected archaeological datum (pointed out by Amanda Claridge in 2014) that has important consequences for our understanding of the Augustan Palatine. The ‘house of Livia’, excavated in 1869, has always been thought of as belonging to the Augustan complex, but the evidence suggests that it did not exist above ground level after the 30s b.c .; its basement, on the other hand, was connected with an underground pas…
Palace-Sanctuary or Pavilion? Augustus’ House and the Limits of Archaeology
February 2021 saw the coincidentally simultaneous publication of two important books about the Augustan Palatine: Dal mostro al principe by Andrea Carandini and Paolo Carafa, and Il complesso di Augusto sul Palatino by Patrizio Pensabene, Patrizio Fileri and Enrico Gallocchio. Since Carandini and Pensabene have been for decades the most significant archaeological investigators of the Palatine, these two major works of synthesis offer a timely opp…
The Setting of Grattius’ Cynegetica
Nothing is known of the poet Grattius except that he was a contemporary of Ovid. However, certain peculiarities in the text of his Cynegetica suggest that he wrote for public performance, that the poem was presented at ludi scaenici where dancers and singers were performing too, that the Palatine temple of Apollo was probably where the event took place, and that the most likely occasion for it was one of the ‘quinquennial’ games celebrating the d…
Walls, Gates and Stories: Detecting Rome's Riverside Defences
The construction date of the ‘Servian’ wall and its layout in the riverside area between the Aventine and the Capitol are the two main questions addressed in this article. The interlocking topographical problems were addressed in 1988 by Filippo Coarelli, whose interpretation has become the generally accepted orthodoxy. But not all the difficulties have been solved, and with Coarelli's recent return to the subject a fresh examination of the evide…
Partisan Historiography
The House of Augustus is subtitled "Excavating Augustus and Partisan Historiography on the Palatine".1 Her nuanced account of the book's merits and shortcomings is summarised in the Abstract: "Sound archaeological arguments are couched within a less convincing attempt to reframe Augustus as a populist hero."The phrase in the subtitle, however, raises the stakes to a level beyond mere difference of opinion.What is it that makes a historical argume…
The House of Augustus: A Historical Detective Story
Augustus, Sulla and the Supernatural
Politics and the People: What Counts as Evidence
This contribution vindicates Fergus Millar's argument in The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic (1998) against critics who assume a priori that the republic was always and necessarily a hierarchical society ruled by an oligarchy, and that the populus Romanus had no time for politics and no interest in it. The method followed is traditionally empirical. Close attention is paid to the primary evidence and what it implies, in order to test two hypot…
Maecenas and the Stage
Prompted by Chrystina Häuber's seminal work on the eastern part of the mons Oppius , this article offers a radical reappraisal of the evidence for the ‘gardens of Maecenas’. Some very long-standing beliefs about the location and nature of the horti Maecenatiani are shown to be unfounded; on the other hand, close reading of an unjustly neglected text provides some new and unexpected evidence for what they were used for. The main focus of the argum…
An Enclosure with Benches
This chapter discusses the physical conditions of performance at Rome. A theatrum and proscaenium were put up at the temple of Apollo and a scaena in the Circus Maximus, in 179 and 174 respectively. The plays of Plautus refer consistently to an enclosure (cauea) and an audience on benches. The ludi scaenici were notionally within sight of the gods in whose honour they were performed; there is good evidence for performance in the Forum (Plautus’ C…
A Turbulent People
This chapter deals with the political experience of the Roman People in the sixties and fifties BC, in particular their enthusiasm for Pompey and their off–on relationship with Cicero, and its relevance both to Pompey’s building of a huge permanent theatre and to Cicero’s regular absence from Rome while the ludi Florales, Ceriales, and plebeii were on. The new theatre provided space for very ambitious spectacles of dance and music as well as trad…
Times, Books, and Preconceptions
A chronological overview is provided, followed by a reminder that papyrus, at first not easily available, was always expensive to import, and that the handwritten scrolls made from it were necessarily luxury items. Does it therefore follow that literature was only for the privileged minority? It is still widely believed that the oral delivery of literature in classical Greece was replaced in the Hellenistic age by a book-centred culture in which …
Under the Emperors
Manilius, the Aetna poet, Persius, Statius, and Juvenal all attest literature presented orally, for the People, from the stage. Tacitus’ Dialogus is evidence, not for the phantom genre of ‘recitation drama’, but for real drama that could be selected for the ludi scaenici; the pseudo-Senecan Octavia shows that the People’s ideology still mattered for the theatre in AD 68–9. Prose fiction and history were assumed to be heard by an audience, like th…
Makers, Singers, Speakers, Writers
Epic poetry too was performed to an audience, under the Muse’s inspiration; the Romans used the same word, uates, for a poet as for an inspired prophet. Ennius composed his Annales to be ‘famous throughout wide peoples’, and in other poetic genres his impersonation of Greek authors like Euhemerus, Epicharmus, and Archestratus, and his personal style of ‘satire’ (satura), were also a performance. In prose, Cato’s history celebrated ‘the deeds of t…
The Roman Audience: Classical Literature as Social History
In an ambitious overview of 1000 years of history, from the formation of the city-state of Rome to the establishment of a fully Christian culture, T.P. Wiseman examines the evidence for the oral delivery of 'literature' to mass public audiences. The treatment is chronological, utilising wherever possible contemporary sources and the close reading of texts. Presenting the history of Roman literature as an integral part of the social and political …
Suetonius and the Origin of Pantomime
This chapter analyses an often-ignored fragment in Diomedes’ Ars grammatica, on the origin of pantomime, that has been disputed as deriving from either Suetonius’ Illustrious Men or his writing on games. An argument is made for the latter, and Tertullian’s use of Suetonius is also compared, to shed light on the writing’s structure. Suetonius’ probable source for this discussion was Varro, and it therefore contains trustworthy information. The dev…
The Temple of A pollo and D iana in R ome
‘The temple of A pollo and D iana’ is V itruvius' example of the diastylos type, with comparatively wide‐spaced columns. Since there were only two A pollo temples in R ome, and that of A pollo ‘ S osianus’ outside the P orta C armentalis was of the pycnostylos type, Vitruvius must have been referring to the temple on the Palatine dedicated by I mperator C aesar (soon to be A ugustus) on 9 O ctober 28 BC . That conclusion is normally contested or …
Valorizing the Barbarians: Enemy Speeches in Roman Historiography . by Eric Adler (review)
Reviewed by: Valorizing the Barbarians: Enemy Speeches in Roman Historiography. by Eric Adler T. P. Wiseman Eric Adler. Valorizing the Barbarians: Enemy Speeches in Roman Historiography. Ashley and Peter Larkin Series in Greek and Roman Culture. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Pp. 280. $55.00. ISBN 978-0-292-72628-4. Eric Adler’s book discusses the following texts: Sallust Histories 4.69M (Epistula Mithridatis) and Justin 38.4–7 (speech …
The Palatine, from Evander to Elagabalus
It is nearly forty years since Filippo Coarelli's brilliant Guida archeologica di Roma (FC 1974) announced the arrival of a new era in Roman topographical studies. A series of seminal monographs soon followed, on the Roman Forum (FC 1983, 1985), the Forum Boarium (FC 1988), and the Campus Martius (FC 1997). A volume on the Palatine was advertised as forthcoming, but unforeseen circumstances put that project on hold
A debate on the Temple of Apollo Palatinus: Roma Quadrata , archaic huts, the house of Augustus, and the orientation of Palatine Apollo
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Catullus and his World: A Reappraisal
Cinna the poet, and other Roman essays
The Census in the First Century B.C
The aim of this article is to consider three questions which seem to me to be crucial to the understanding of the late-republican and Augustan censuses: ( a ) Why was only one lustrum —that of 69—performed between 86 and 28 B.C.? ( b ) Does this mean that there was only one census of the Roman people held in that period ? ( c ) Why was the figure of civium capita published in 28 B.C. (4,063,000) so much larger than that for 69 (900,000 or 910,000…
New Men in the Roman Senate, 139 B.c.-a.d. 14
Calpurnius Siculus and the Claudian Civil War
In the first Eclogue of Calpurnius Siculus, Corydon and Ornytus seek to escape from the heat of the sun in a grove sacred to Faunus. There, on a beech tree, they find a long prophecy (lines 33–88), freshly carved by the god himself. After an introductory announcement of joyful news, the inscription proceeds as follows: Aurea secura cum pace renascitur aetas et redit ad terras tandem squalore situque alma Themis posito iuvenemque beata sequuntur s…
Historiography and imagination: Eight essays on Roman culture
Practice and Theory in Roman Historiography
Publicans and Sinners: Private Enterprise in the Service of the Roman Republic
PrefaceWhen the University of Otago honoured me with its invitation tondeliver the de Carle Lectures in the winter term of its centennialnyear, I took the opportunity of discussing a subject in which Inhad long been interested, since it is not only of importance to thenstudent of the late Republic (and particularly to the student ofnRoman imperialism and provincial administration during thatnperiod), but one that, even though its importance is ge…
Two Friends of Clodius in Cicero's Letters
It is the almost unanimous opinion of modern scholars' that this man is M. Licinius Crassus. Manutius's explanation, that ex Nanneianis is a reference to Crassus' profiteering in the proscriptions and in particular to the property of one Nanneius, to be identified with the Nannius named as a proscription victim in Comm. Pet . 9, is accepted without hesitation
The Ambitions of Quintus Cicero
It was in January or February of 54 B.C., to judge by his brother's extant letters, that Quintus Cicero left for Gaul to serve as a legatus in Caesar's army. By June he was already wondering whether or not to return. Cicero urbanely replied to him late in July ( QF II, 15. 2–3): ‘Verum attende nunc, mi optime et suavissime frater, ad ea dum rescribo quae tu in hac eadem brevi epistula πραγματικѽς valde scripsisti. De quo petis ut ad te nihil occu…
The Roman Audience: Classical Literature as Social History
In an ambitious overview of 1000 years of history, from the formation of the city-state of Rome to the establishment of a fully Christian culture, T.P. Wiseman examines the evidence for the oral delivery of 'literature' to mass public audiences. The treatment is chronological, utilising wherever possible contemporary sources and the close reading of texts. Presenting the history of Roman literature as an integral part of the social and political …
Some Republican Senators and their Tribes
The study of the republican Roman Senate was revolutionized by Professor Broughton's Magistrates , and to a lesser extent more recently by Professor Lily Ross Taylor's Voting Districts of the Roman Republic . Naturally, neither of these two great works rounded up all the available evidence without exception, and a considerable amount of mopping-up has been carried out. More remains to be done, however, and this article aims at providing some furt…
Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire
Significant events and figures background family daughter sister niece wife mother the end sources appendices: the year of Agrippina the younger's birth the husbands of Domitia and Lepida III the date of Nero's birth the family of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Agrippina's movements in late 39 the date of Seneca's tutorship the decline in Agrippina's power the patronage of Seneca and Burrus in 54-9 SC on gold and silver coins of Nero the final days of A…
The Temple of Victory on the Palatine
The evidence for the site of the temple of Victory on the Palatine at Rome is re-examined: (1) a passage in Dionysius of Halicarnassus which implies that the temple was topographically related to the Lupercal, (2) two inscriptions recorded in the eighteenth century, which were found near the western corner of the Palatine, (3) the Porta Roman(ul)a, which according to Festus was infimo clivo Victoriae , and (4) the Palatine hut, which was evidentl…
Roman Republican Road-Building
The early history and development of the Roman road-system in Italy under the Republic has been the subject of much recent study, notably in a book by Dr. T. Pekáry of Berne and in a series of papers by Professor G. Radke of Berlin, who now promises an article on viae in a forthcoming supplement-volume to Paully-Wissowa. The aim of the present paper is to ask how far the theories put forward by these scholars can be accepted, and how much the exi…
Viae Anniae Again
In an earlier volume of these Papers (xxxii, 1964), I tried to challenge a theory put forward by the late Professor Degrassi, that P. Popillius Laenas, cos. 132 B.C., began the building of two roads in his consulship—from Capua to Rhegium and from Ariminum to Aquileia—and that this programme was taken over and completed the following year by the praetor T. Annius T.f. My arguments have met with some opposition, and it is perhaps time to see to wh…
The Palatine, from Evander to Elagabalus
It is nearly forty years since Filippo Coarelli's brilliant Guida archeologica di Roma (FC 1974) announced the arrival of a new era in Roman topographical studies. A series of seminal monographs soon followed, on the Roman Forum (FC 1983, 1985), the Forum Boarium (FC 1988), and the Campus Martius (FC 1997). A volume on the Palatine was advertised as forthcoming, but unforeseen circumstances put that project on hold
The God of the Lupercal
On 15 February, two days after the Ides, there took place at Rome the mysterious ritual called Lupercalia, which began when the Luperci sacrificed a goat at the Lupercal. There was evidently a close conceptual and etymological connection between the name of the festival, the title of the celebrants, and the name of the sacred place: as our best-informed literary source on Roman religion, M. Terentius Varro, succinctly put it, ‘the Luperci [are so…
Roman Legend and Oral Tradition
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Satyrs in Rome? The Background to Horace's Ars Poetica
At the central point of Horace's epistle to the Pisones (ll. 220–50 out of 476) is a lengthy passage on the history and composition of satyr-plays. At the central point within that passage (ll. 234–5), with emphatic use of the vocative and the first-person pronoun, Horace presents himself and his addressees as actively involved in writing satyr-plays: non ego inornata et dominantia nomina solum verbaque, Pisones, satyrorum scriptor amabo
The Wife and Children of Romulus
Some say that only 30 were seized, and that the Curiae were named after them, but Valerius Antias [fr. 3P] says there were 527, Juba [ FGrH 275F23] that there were 683. They were virgins, which was Romulus' main justification: no married women were taken – except one, Hersilia, by mistake - since it was not in wanton violence or injustice that they resorted to rape, but with the intention of bringing the two peoples together and uniting them with…
Looking for Camerius: The Topography of Catullus 55
Oramus, si forte non molestum est, demonstres ubi sint tuae tenebrae. Te campo quaesivimus minore, te in circo, te in omnibus libellis, te in templo summi Iovis sacrato. 5 In Magni simul ambulatione femellas omnes, amice, prendi, quas vultu vidi tamen sereno. †avelte† sic ipse flagitabam, Camerium mihi, pessimae puellae! 10 Quaedam inquit, nudum reduc en hic in roseis latet papillis. Sed te iam ferre Herculei labos est, tanto te in fastu negas, a…
The Potteries of Vibienus and Rufrenus At Arretium
In the early history of Rome, commerce and industry were not considered respectable sources of income. The word locuples meant land-holding, and a senator's wealth was measured exclusively in terms of land1). By the first century these conventions were breaking up ; many senators had business interests in Sicily, Africa or the East, several are known to have been moneylenders, and some at least of the old Campanian trading families reached senato…
Politics and the People: What Counts as Evidence
This contribution vindicates Fergus Millar's argument in The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic (1998) against critics who assume a priori that the republic was always and necessarily a hierarchical society ruled by an oligarchy, and that the populus Romanus had no time for politics and no interest in it. The method followed is traditionally empirical. Close attention is paid to the primary evidence and what it implies, in order to test two hypot…
A debate on the Temple of Apollo Palatinus: Roma Quadrata , archaic huts, the house of Augustus, and the orientation of Palatine Apollo
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
New Men in the Roman Senate, 139 B.c.-a.d. 14
The Potteries of Vibienus and Rufrenus At Arretium
In the early history of Rome, commerce and industry were not considered respectable sources of income. The word locuples meant land-holding, and a senator's wealth was measured exclusively in terms of land1). By the first century these conventions were breaking up ; many senators had business interests in Sicily, Africa or the East, several are known to have been moneylenders, and some at least of the old Campanian trading families reached senato…
Viae Anniae
Two viae Anniae are known, in Etruria and near Aquileia; another has been reasonably conjectured between Capua and Rhegium. The Etruscan Annia was a minor road and is of only peripheral importance, but the relationship of the other two roads and the date (or dates) of their construction have provoked lively discussion in Italy in the last ten years. The question is a complicated one, and perhaps does not admit of a decisive solution. However, one…
Some Republican Senators and their Tribes
The study of the republican Roman Senate was revolutionized by Professor Broughton's Magistrates , and to a lesser extent more recently by Professor Lily Ross Taylor's Voting Districts of the Roman Republic . Naturally, neither of these two great works rounded up all the available evidence without exception, and a considerable amount of mopping-up has been carried out. More remains to be done, however, and this article aims at providing some furt…
Two More Senators
I Should like to draw attention to two little-known inscriptions of republican senators; both men deserve notice in that each of them may illustrate the early stages of the recruitment of provincial senators, from Transpadane and Narbonese Gaul respectively
The Ambitions of Quintus Cicero
It was in January or February of 54 B.C., to judge by his brother's extant letters, that Quintus Cicero left for Gaul to serve as a legatus in Caesar's army. By June he was already wondering whether or not to return. Cicero urbanely replied to him late in July ( QF II, 15. 2–3): ‘Verum attende nunc, mi optime et suavissime frater, ad ea dum rescribo quae tu in hac eadem brevi epistula πραγματικѽς valde scripsisti. De quo petis ut ad te nihil occu…
Lucius Memmius And His Family
Sisenna Historiarum lib. iii: Lucium Memmium, socerum Gai Scriboni, tribunum plebis, quern Marci Livi consiliarium fuisse callebant et tune Gurionis oratorem ... (Nonius 393L, s.v. ‘callet’). Erat Hortensius in bello primo anno miles, altero tribunus militum, Sulpicius legatus; aberat etiam M. Antonius; exercebatur una lege iudicium Varia, ceteris propter bellum intermissis; cui frequens aderam, quamquam pro se ipsi dicebant oratores non illi qui…
Two Friends of Clodius in Cicero's Letters
It is the almost unanimous opinion of modern scholars' that this man is M. Licinius Crassus. Manutius's explanation, that ex Nanneianis is a reference to Crassus' profiteering in the proscriptions and in particular to the property of one Nanneius, to be identified with the Nannius named as a proscription victim in Comm. Pet . 9, is accepted without hesitation
Viae Anniae Again
In an earlier volume of these Papers (xxxii, 1964), I tried to challenge a theory put forward by the late Professor Degrassi, that P. Popillius Laenas, cos. 132 B.C., began the building of two roads in his consulship—from Capua to Rhegium and from Ariminum to Aquileia—and that this programme was taken over and completed the following year by the praetor T. Annius T.f. My arguments have met with some opposition, and it is perhaps time to see to wh…
The Census in the First Century B.C
The aim of this article is to consider three questions which seem to me to be crucial to the understanding of the late-republican and Augustan censuses: ( a ) Why was only one lustrum —that of 69—performed between 86 and 28 B.C.? ( b ) Does this mean that there was only one census of the Roman people held in that period ? ( c ) Why was the figure of civium capita published in 28 B.C. (4,063,000) so much larger than that for 69 (900,000 or 910,000…
Roman Republican Road-Building
The early history and development of the Roman road-system in Italy under the Republic has been the subject of much recent study, notably in a book by Dr. T. Pekáry of Berne and in a series of papers by Professor G. Radke of Berlin, who now promises an article on viae in a forthcoming supplement-volume to Paully-Wissowa. The aim of the present paper is to ask how far the theories put forward by these scholars can be accepted, and how much the exi…
Catullan Questions
Catullan Questions
Celer and Nepos
Asconius 63 (Clark), commenting on the pro Cornelio : Fuerunt enim plures Quinti Metelli, ex quibus duo consulares, Pius et Creticus, de quibus apparet eum non dicere, duo autem adulescentes, Nepos et Celer, ex quibus nunc Nepotem significat. Eius enim patrem Q.Metellum Nepotem, Baliarici filium, Macedonici nepotem qui consul fuit cum T. Didio, Curio is de quo loquitur accusavit ... Cicero and his scholiast refer to ‘duo Metelli, Celer et Nepos’ …
New Men in the Roman Senate
Publicans and Sinners: Private Enterprise in the Service of the Roman Republic
PrefaceWhen the University of Otago honoured me with its invitation tondeliver the de Carle Lectures in the winter term of its centennialnyear, I took the opportunity of discussing a subject in which Inhad long been interested, since it is not only of importance to thenstudent of the late Republic (and particularly to the student ofnRoman imperialism and provincial administration during thatnperiod), but one that, even though its importance is ge…
Cinna the poet, and other Roman essays
The Circus Flaminius
Ever since Professor Gatti's epoch-making paper in 1960, the Circus Flaminius and its buildings have been the subject of intensive argument. The problems involved are many and complex; this paper is an attempt to make sense of them by concentrating in the first instance on the implications of the ancient evidence, both as to the nature of the Circus itself (Section I) and on the history of its development and the buildings within it (II). There f…
Camerius
Two Questions on the Circus Flaminius
Were ludi circenses ever held in the Circus Flaminius as they were in the Circus Maximus? The evidence is as follows. 1. Varro LL v 153–4: Locus idem circus maximus dictus, quod circum spectaculis aedificatus ubi ludi fiunt, et quod ibi circum metas fertur pompa et equi currunt...item simili de causa circus Flaminius dicitur, qui circum aedificatus est Flaminium campum, et quod ibi quoque ludis Tauriis equi circum metas currunt. The ludi Taurii w…
Cinna the Poet and Other Roman Essays
Catullus, his Life and Times
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Cicero, De Divinatione 1.55
Sed quid ego Graecorum: nescio quo modo me magis nostra delectant. Omnes hoc historici, Fabii Gellii sed proxume Coelius: cum bello Latino ludi votivi maxumi primum fierent, civitas ad arma repente est excitata ... Quintus goes on to tell the story of the countryman's dream, with its divine warning about the ominous praesul , which is also related by Livy, Dionysius, Valerius Maximus, and Macrobius
Looking for Camerius: The Topography of Catullus 55
Oramus, si forte non molestum est, demonstres ubi sint tuae tenebrae. Te campo quaesivimus minore, te in circo, te in omnibus libellis, te in templo summi Iovis sacrato. 5 In Magni simul ambulatione femellas omnes, amice, prendi, quas vultu vidi tamen sereno. †avelte† sic ipse flagitabam, Camerium mihi, pessimae puellae! 10 Quaedam inquit, nudum reduc en hic in roseis latet papillis. Sed te iam ferre Herculei labos est, tanto te in fastu negas, a…
The First Director of the British School
IL PRIMO DIRETTORE DELLA BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME Gordon McNeil Rushforth (1862–1938) fu il primo direttore della BSR, dai 1900 al 1903. Malgrado l'impprtanza dei suoi successi accademici — in Storia Romana, Arte Rinascimentale, e sopratutto nella Iconografia delle Vetrate Medievali — egli non appare in alcuna bibliografia standard. I brevi cenni biografici contenuti in questo articolo sono ricavati dalle sue lettere, da materiale d'archivio della …
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