Ryan D Tweney
Biographic Data
| ID | 1010980 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ryan D Tweney |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ryan D |
| FAMILY NAME | Tweney |
| SIGNATURE | TWENEY R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Bowling Green State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 27 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
On finding the keys to MCI theory: A critical appraisal of Purzycki and Willard
Purzycki and Willard's argument about the limits of present-day minimal counterintuitiveness (MCI) theory reminds one of the drunkard searching for lost keys near a lamp post “because that's where
Memory and the construction of scientific meaning: Michael Faraday’s use of notebooks and records
Research examining the relationship between external artifacts and scientific thinking has highlighted the dynamic role of memory aids. This article explores how the nineteenth-century physicist Michael Faraday (1791–1867) used extensive laboratory notebooks and a highly structured set of retrieval strategies as dynamic aids during his scientific research. The development and dynamic use of memory artifacts are described as part of a distributed,…
Exploring unexplained variation
In a 1974 commencement address, Richard Feynman described scientific integrity as a kind of utter honesty, a kind of leaning over backwards to tell the whole truth. We argue that investigators could tell more of the truth and increase the value of their papers by highlighting and discussing unexplained variation, a major source of which is individual differences. An argument that unexplained individual differences must have many sources is presen…
Reflections on regression towards the mean
In a recent article in this journal, Maraun, Gabriel, and Martin (2011) critically discuss the received views of the phenomenon of regression towards the mean, proposing changes in the way it should be viewed. Using in part Galton’s original data for the relation between parental height and child height, the present paper suggests that some undiscussed aspects of regression towards the mean are relevant. The usual methodological warnings given in…
Eloge: David Charles Gooding, 1947-2009
Mathematical Representations in Science: A Cognitive–Historical Case History
The important role of mathematical representations in scientific thinking has received little attention from cognitive scientists. This study argues that neglect of this issue is unwarranted, given existing cognitive theories and laws, together with promising results from the cognitive historical analysis of several important scientists. In particular, while the mathematical wizardry of James Clerk Maxwell differed dramatically from the experimen…
Imagery Effects on Recall of Minimally Counterintuitive Concepts
Much experimental evidence shows that minimally counterintuitive concepts, which violate one intuitive ontological expectation of domain-specific natural kinds, are remembered as well as or better than intuitive concepts with no violations of ontological expectations, and much better than maximally counterintuitive concepts with more than one violation of ontological violations (Barrett and Nyhoff, 2001; Boyer and Ramble, 2001; Atran and Norenzay…
The Creative Structuring of Counterintuitive Worlds
Recent research has shown a memory advantage for minimally counterintuitive (MCI) concepts, over concepts that are either intuitive (INT) or maximally counterintuitive (MXCI), although the general result is heavily affected by context. Items from one such study were given to subjects who were asked to create novel stories using at least three concepts from a list containing all three types. Results indicated a preference for using MCI items (as i…
Replication and the Experimental Ethnography of Science
The present paper attempts to define an experimental ethnography as an approach to the understanding of scientific thinking. Such an ethnography relies upon the replication of contemporary and historical scientific practices as a means of capturing the cultural and cognitive meanings of the practices in question. The approach is contrasted to the typical kind of laboratory experiment in psychology, and it is argued that replications of scientific…
Tributes to Howard E. Gruber
Wilhelm Wundt in history: The making of a scientific psychology
Causality in crisis? Statistical methods and the search for causal knowledge in the social sciences
The scientific status of American psychology in 1900
In 1900, psychologists were attempting to define themselves and searching for their role among both academic and non-academic public. The success of experimental methods served to advance their position as exemplary scientists, although, as the authors argue in this article, other factors were also important. First, the issue of measurement involved many disagreements about the tools needed to measure psychological constructs or even whether psyc…
The scientific status of American psychology in 1900
Error and the growth of experimental knowledge
Jonathan Edwards and determinism
This paper argues a new interpretation of Jonathan Edwards's psychological account of human action. In Freedom of the Will (1754), Edwards adapted a sophisticated version of Newtonian determinism to the understanding of human thinking and action. Rejecting a mechanistic determinism, in which antecedent faculties “cause” actions, Edwards instead advocated a systemic view. Thus, rather than the “greatest apparent good” causing the “will,” which in …
On Bureaucracy and Science A Response to Fuller
Can Scientists Rationally Assess Conditional Inferences
Recent studies by Mahoney and Kimper, and by Kern, Mirels and Hinshaw, suggest that scientists do very poorly on a standard psychological task involving inferences about `If... then...' conditionals. More recently, Yachanin found that the nature of the task instructions greatly affected performance on such tasks. In the present study, results obtained from twenty research scientists using Yachanin's modified task are reported. Scientists performe…
The perception of grammatical boundaries in sign language
Rationality and the psychology of inference
Was Münsterberg a utopian
Was M?nsterberg a utopian
Rationality and Disconfirmation: Further Evidence
Recent laboratory research on the psychology of problem solving has important implications for an understanding of the psychology of science. Such work is reviewed, and supports the claim made by Hardin in this journal that pursuit of confirmatory data is highly adaptive in scientific problem solving. Hardin's reservations about the generalizability of such research to real science are considered, and rejected on empirical grounds. Further resear…
On the comprehension of comprehension studies: A reply to Gleitman, Shipley and Smith's (1978) criticism of Petretic & Tweney (1977)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Intelligibility and comprehension of time compressed sign language narratives
A method of time compressing visual displays was devised to assess the effects of compression on the comprehension of American sign language (ASL). Two ASL narratives were visually presented to three groups of deaf ASL users. A compression group was presented narratives compressed to 50% of the duration of the normal rates. A no-compression group was presented narratives signed at normal rates. A pause groups was presented compressed narratives w…
The Creative Structuring of Counterintuitive Worlds
Recent research has shown a memory advantage for minimally counterintuitive (MCI) concepts, over concepts that are either intuitive (INT) or maximally counterintuitive (MXCI), although the general result is heavily affected by context. Items from one such study were given to subjects who were asked to create novel stories using at least three concepts from a list containing all three types. Results indicated a preference for using MCI items (as i…
Analysis of variance and the "second discipline" of scientific psychology: A historical account
Slips of the Tongue and Lexical Storage
Brown and McNeill's (1966) explanation of the " tip of the tongue " phenomenon relied on a concept of " faint entries " in the lexicon. Such an account may hold only for low frequency items. Slips of the tongue, however, can be obtained at all frequency levels. Analysis of 234 slips collected by the authors and 68 presented by Freud revealed a serial position effect for letter matches similar to that found by Brown and McNeill, supporting the gen…
Imagery Effects on Recall of Minimally Counterintuitive Concepts
Much experimental evidence shows that minimally counterintuitive concepts, which violate one intuitive ontological expectation of domain-specific natural kinds, are remembered as well as or better than intuitive concepts with no violations of ontological expectations, and much better than maximally counterintuitive concepts with more than one violation of ontological violations (Barrett and Nyhoff, 2001; Boyer and Ramble, 2001; Atran and Norenzay…
The perception of grammatical boundaries in sign language
Rationality and Disconfirmation: Further Evidence
Recent laboratory research on the psychology of problem solving has important implications for an understanding of the psychology of science. Such work is reviewed, and supports the claim made by Hardin in this journal that pursuit of confirmatory data is highly adaptive in scientific problem solving. Hardin's reservations about the generalizability of such research to real science are considered, and rejected on empirical grounds. Further resear…
Semantic organization in deaf and hearing subjects
Replication and the Experimental Ethnography of Science
The present paper attempts to define an experimental ethnography as an approach to the understanding of scientific thinking. Such an ethnography relies upon the replication of contemporary and historical scientific practices as a means of capturing the cultural and cognitive meanings of the practices in question. The approach is contrasted to the typical kind of laboratory experiment in psychology, and it is argued that replications of scientific…
Can Scientists Rationally Assess Conditional Inferences
Recent studies by Mahoney and Kimper, and by Kern, Mirels and Hinshaw, suggest that scientists do very poorly on a standard psychological task involving inferences about `If... then...' conditionals. More recently, Yachanin found that the nature of the task instructions greatly affected performance on such tasks. In the present study, results obtained from twenty research scientists using Yachanin's modified task are reported. Scientists performe…
Intelligibility and comprehension of time compressed sign language narratives
A method of time compressing visual displays was devised to assess the effects of compression on the comprehension of American sign language (ASL). Two ASL narratives were visually presented to three groups of deaf ASL users. A compression group was presented narratives compressed to 50% of the duration of the normal rates. A no-compression group was presented narratives signed at normal rates. A pause groups was presented compressed narratives w…
Comprehension and production of standard and Black English by lower-class Black children
Thoughts on Convention
Slips of the Tongue and Lexical Storage
Brown and McNeill's (1966) explanation of the " tip of the tongue " phenomenon relied on a concept of " faint entries " in the lexicon. Such an account may hold only for low frequency items. Slips of the tongue, however, can be obtained at all frequency levels. Analysis of 234 slips collected by the authors and 68 presented by Freud revealed a serial position effect for letter matches similar to that found by Brown and McNeill, supporting the gen…
Semantic organization in deaf and hearing subjects
The Effect of Semantic Structure on Descriptions of Similarity
Stimulus items consisting of English words from nonoverlapping semantic clusters were presented in pairs to subjects (39 American undergraduates) who were asked how each pair was similar. Strategies used in the verbal comparison task were classified into types, and the types related to the type of stimulus pair presented. Multivariate scaling procedures were used to determine clusters of strategy usage. Certain strategies were characteristically …
Comprehension and production of standard and Black English by lower-class Black children
From Signs to Propositions: The concept of form in eighteenth-century semantic theory. By Stephen K(enneth) Land
Preview this article: From Signs to Propositions: The concept of form in eighteenth-century semantic theory. By Stephen Kenneth Land, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/hl.3.3.08twe-1.gif
Does comprehension precede production? The development of children's responses to telegraphic sentences of varying grammatical adequacy
The comprehension ability of 36 children at three stages of telegraphic speech (mean length of utterance 1·45, 2·03, and 2·76 morphemes) was assessed using active behavioural responses to declarative and imperative sentences. Both forms were varied in syntactic and semantic complexity. The responses were scored in terms of objects used by the child, whether or not the child's actions were appropriate, and whether or not appropriate verbalization …
Race, social class, and response bias effects in grammatical processing
Analysis of variance and the "second discipline" of scientific psychology: A historical account
Analysis of variance and the "second discipline" of scientific psychology: A historical account
Versprechen und Verlesen: Eine psychologisch-linguistische Studie. By Rudolf Meringer & Carl Mayer
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On the comprehension of comprehension studies: A reply to Gleitman, Shipley and Smith's (1978) criticism of Petretic & Tweney (1977)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Intelligibility and comprehension of time compressed sign language narratives
A method of time compressing visual displays was devised to assess the effects of compression on the comprehension of American sign language (ASL). Two ASL narratives were visually presented to three groups of deaf ASL users. A compression group was presented narratives compressed to 50% of the duration of the normal rates. A no-compression group was presented narratives signed at normal rates. A pause groups was presented compressed narratives w…
Rationality and Disconfirmation: Further Evidence
Recent laboratory research on the psychology of problem solving has important implications for an understanding of the psychology of science. Such work is reviewed, and supports the claim made by Hardin in this journal that pursuit of confirmatory data is highly adaptive in scientific problem solving. Hardin's reservations about the generalizability of such research to real science are considered, and rejected on empirical grounds. Further resear…
The perception of grammatical boundaries in sign language
Rationality and the psychology of inference
Was Münsterberg a utopian
Was M?nsterberg a utopian
Can Scientists Rationally Assess Conditional Inferences
Recent studies by Mahoney and Kimper, and by Kern, Mirels and Hinshaw, suggest that scientists do very poorly on a standard psychological task involving inferences about `If... then...' conditionals. More recently, Yachanin found that the nature of the task instructions greatly affected performance on such tasks. In the present study, results obtained from twenty research scientists using Yachanin's modified task are reported. Scientists performe…
On Bureaucracy and Science A Response to Fuller
Jonathan Edwards and determinism
This paper argues a new interpretation of Jonathan Edwards's psychological account of human action. In Freedom of the Will (1754), Edwards adapted a sophisticated version of Newtonian determinism to the understanding of human thinking and action. Rejecting a mechanistic determinism, in which antecedent faculties “cause” actions, Edwards instead advocated a systemic view. Thus, rather than the “greatest apparent good” causing the “will,” which in …
Error and the growth of experimental knowledge
The scientific status of American psychology in 1900
In 1900, psychologists were attempting to define themselves and searching for their role among both academic and non-academic public. The success of experimental methods served to advance their position as exemplary scientists, although, as the authors argue in this article, other factors were also important. First, the issue of measurement involved many disagreements about the tools needed to measure psychological constructs or even whether psyc…
The scientific status of American psychology in 1900
Causality in crisis? Statistical methods and the search for causal knowledge in the social sciences
Psychology (30 works) · Philosophy (22 works) · Computer Science (17 works) · Epistemology (17 works) · Linguistics (9 works) · Philosophy (9 works) · Philosophy and History of Science (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Cognition (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (8 works)