Stephanie Cronin
Biographic Data
| ID | 101335 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stephanie Cronin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stephanie |
| FAMILY NAME | Cronin |
| SIGNATURE | CRONIN S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oxford |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 68 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 6 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Tuning oxygen vacancy in Bi2WO6 by heteroatom doping for enhanced photooxidation-reduction properties
Heteroatom doping was recently regarded as an effective method to tune the band gap and improve the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, a novel S,F-codoped Bi 2 WO 6 (S,F-Bi 2 WO 6 ) with suitable oxygen vacancies was synthesized via the hydrothermal-calcination and post-sulfurization, for efficient Cr(VI) reduction and methyl orange (MO) degradation under visible light. The amoun…
Iran in Motion; Mobility, Space, and the Trans-Iranian Railway, by Mikiya Koyagi
Journal Article Iran in Motion; Mobility, Space, and the Trans-Iranian Railway, by Mikiya Koyagi Get access Iran in Motion; Mobility, Space, and the Trans-Iranian Railway, by Mikiya Koyagi (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021; pp. 296. $65). Stephanie Cronin Stephanie Cronin University of Oxford, UK [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, ce…
Life after the harem
The history of the modern Middle East and North Africa has been dominated by a preoccupation with state institutions, high politics and capital cities, along with the upper echelons of the populati
Bread and justice in Qajar Iran
In 1971, E. P. Thompson published a seminal article on eighteenth century English bread riots which was to become a foundational text for the study of such protests. Challenging older elite notions of the irrationality, illegitimacy and even criminality of the ‘mob’, Thompson situated popular direct action in times of food crises within a very specific historical, economic and, most importantly, cultural context. This context produced a deeply he…
Islam, slave agency and abolitionism in Iran, the Middle East and North Africa
Modern understanding of the institution of slavery and the experience of slave themselves has been largely defined and dominated by a template drawn from the modern plantation slavery of the Americas. Images of slave agency and of abolitionism have been derived from the same template in which slave agency is equated with unambiguous resistance to slavery as such, and abolitionism attributed to a moral response originating within the slave-owning …
Noble Robbers, avengers and entrepreneurs
Banditry has been endemic across the Middle East and North Africa. Yet the Middle Eastern experience of banditry has thus far failed to receive sustained academic attention. In particular, the debates stimulated by Eric Hobsbawm's thesis of social banditry have elicited only a few responses from scholars of the Middle East and North Africa, and these largely negative. This article asks to what extent the recent work done in the field of ‘Bandit s…
Introduction
In 1978 the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism changed forever the terms of the debate about the nature of western scholarship on the non-western world. Profoundly unsettling, Said's work had a transformational impact on many academic disciplines in western Europe, the Americas and across Asia. Although drawing on older ideas and research, including critiques of western scholarship formulated in the Soviet Union, Said's book, along with Sai…
Anti-Veiling Campaigns in the Muslim World
Armies and State-Building in the Modern Middle East
The uprisings of 2011, which erupted so unexpectedly and spread across the Middle East, once again propelled the armies of the region to the centre of the political stage. Throughout the region, the experience of the first decade of the twenty-first century provides ample reason to re-examine Middle Eastern armies and the historical context which produced them. By adding an historical understanding to a contemporary political analysis, Stephanie …
Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran
Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran
Tribes, Coups and Princes
In the decades following the First World War, countries such as Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan used the creation of a modern army as an engine for wider processes of change. Such military-led state-building followed a precedent established in the previous century by Egypt and the Ottoman Empire. In these countries, military revolutions involving the introduction of new technologies and military tactics made essential broader transformations in tax, a…
Iranian-Russian Encounters
Iran's foreign policy, the `Bolshevik threat', and the genesis of the Soviet-Iranian Treaty of 1921 Oliver Bast 11 The Comintern, the Soviet Union and Working Class Militancy in Interwar Iran Touraj Atabaki 12 An Iranian-Russian Cinematic Encounter Emily Jane O'Dell 13 The Impact of Soviet Contact on Iranian Theatre: Abdolhossein Nushin and the Tudeh Party. Saeed Talajooy The Islamic Republic and post-Soviet Russia 14 Iran, Russia and Tajikistan'…
The Making of Modern Iran
Published version
Subalterns and Social Protest
Introduction Stephanie Cronin Part 1: The Urban Crowd and Popular Protest 1. Street Violence and Social Imagination in Late Mamluk and Ottoman Damascus James Grehan 2. Women and Popular Protest: Women's Demonstrations in Nineteenth Century Iran Vanessa Martin Part 2: Poor People's Politics 3. Popular Protest, the Market and the State in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Egypt John Chalcraft 4. Workless Revolutionaries: The Movement of the Un…
Deserters, Converts, Cossacks and Revolutionaries
Russians entered Iranian military service in this period in two waves, each wave characterizing a specific period in Iranian–Russian relations. The first was subaltern in origin and came in the form of the deserters from the Russian imperial army who fled to Tabriz in the early nineteenth century and who made a significant contribution to Iranian efforts to build a modern army. The second took place in the late nineteenth–early twentieth century …
Iran’s Forgotten Revolutionary
Soldiers, Shahs and Subalterns in Iran
Against conventional views of the unchallenged hegemony of a modernizing monarchy, this book argues that power was continuously contested in Riza Shah's Iran. Cronin excavates the successive challenge
Russia and Iran in the Great Game
Elena Andreeva Abingdon, UK, Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern History, 2007, Pp.288, $160.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-415-77153-5 Relations between Russia and Iran, diplomatic, political, cultural
Popular Politics, the New State and the Birth of the Iranian Working Class
Re-Interpreting Modern Iran
For the nationalist elite of early Pahlavi Iran, the regime's military successes over tribal opposition, whether real or imagined, were welcomed and celebrated. These successes were interpreted as confirmation of their views of tribal power as hostile to modernity, archaic and outmoded, and of Riza Shah as the deliverer of Iran's national salvation. This conceptualization of the “tribal problem” had appeared in tandem with and as a product of mod…
General Maps of Persia
Importing Modernity
In the first decades of the nineteenth century, when the Middle East and North Africa first began to attract the sustained attention of European imperialism and colonialism, Arab, Ottoman Turkish, and Iranian polities began a protracted experiment with army modernization. These decades saw a mania in the Middle East for the import of European methods of military organization and techniques of warfare. Everywhere, in the Ottoman Empire, North Afri…
Workshop on ‘The Politics of Elections and the Struggle for Democracy in the Middle East
Tribal Politics in Iran
Placing Iran's 'tribal problem' in its historical context, Tribal Politics in Iran provides an overall assessment on the impact of this crucial period on the character of tribe-state relations in Iran to the end of Pahlavi rule and in the Islamic Republic. It analyzes the political and socio-economic factors undermining tribal politics under the regime of Reza Shah, and examines the division which took place regarding the 'tribal problem'. The au…
Tribal Politics in Iran
Placing Iran's 'tribal problem' in its historical context, Tribal Politics in Iran provides an overall assessment on the impact of this crucial period on the character of tribe-state relations in Iran to the end of Pahlavi rule and in the Islamic Republic. It analyzes the political and socio-economic factors undermining tribal politics under the regime of Reza Shah, and examines the division which took place regarding the 'tribal problem'. The au…
Popular Politics, the New State and the Birth of the Iranian Working Class
Modernity, Change and Dictatorship in Iran
The early Pahlavi period in Iran has conventionally been seen through the prism of its state-building effort. Attention has been focused almost exclusively on the high politics of the Tehran elite and a positive or negative balance sheet drawn up according to assessments of this elite's success in transforming Iran into a modern, politically independent, nation state. This preoccupation with the Tehran regime and its version of modernity has typi…
Conscription and Popular Resistance in Iran, 1925-1941
For the nationalist regimes of the inter-war Middle East, Riza Shah's Iran, Mustafa Kemal's Turkey and Hashemite Iraq, the construction of a strong national army based on universal military service was an essential element of state-building and nation-formation. Yet although conscription was ardently advocated by the nationalist intelligentsia, wherever it was actually imposed it aroused intense resentment. Nonetheless, although enforced conscrip…
Noble Robbers, avengers and entrepreneurs
Banditry has been endemic across the Middle East and North Africa. Yet the Middle Eastern experience of banditry has thus far failed to receive sustained academic attention. In particular, the debates stimulated by Eric Hobsbawm's thesis of social banditry have elicited only a few responses from scholars of the Middle East and North Africa, and these largely negative. This article asks to what extent the recent work done in the field of ‘Bandit s…
Resisting the New State
This article examines the responses of the rural poor, both settled peasants and pastoral nomads, to the upheavals unleashed in the Iranian countryside by Riza Shah's adoption of a programme of authoritarian state-building and rapid modernization. The article shows how, contrary to the conventional assumptions of rural passivity held by both Western scholarship and Iranian nationalism, peasant and nomad communities in fact generated a variety of …
Introduction
In 1978 the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism changed forever the terms of the debate about the nature of western scholarship on the non-western world. Profoundly unsettling, Said's work had a transformational impact on many academic disciplines in western Europe, the Americas and across Asia. Although drawing on older ideas and research, including critiques of western scholarship formulated in the Soviet Union, Said's book, along with Sai…
Tribes, Coups and Princes
In the decades following the First World War, countries such as Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan used the creation of a modern army as an engine for wider processes of change. Such military-led state-building followed a precedent established in the previous century by Egypt and the Ottoman Empire. In these countries, military revolutions involving the introduction of new technologies and military tactics made essential broader transformations in tax, a…
Re-Interpreting Modern Iran
For the nationalist elite of early Pahlavi Iran, the regime's military successes over tribal opposition, whether real or imagined, were welcomed and celebrated. These successes were interpreted as confirmation of their views of tribal power as hostile to modernity, archaic and outmoded, and of Riza Shah as the deliverer of Iran's national salvation. This conceptualization of the “tribal problem” had appeared in tandem with and as a product of mod…
Writing the History of Modern Iran
Afin de mieux comprendre la situation actuelle et les perspectives de l'Iran moderne, l'auteur de l'article s'attache a l'etude de l'histoire iranienne au cours du 20e siecle a partir des sources perses et britanniques
Islam, slave agency and abolitionism in Iran, the Middle East and North Africa
Modern understanding of the institution of slavery and the experience of slave themselves has been largely defined and dominated by a template drawn from the modern plantation slavery of the Americas. Images of slave agency and of abolitionism have been derived from the same template in which slave agency is equated with unambiguous resistance to slavery as such, and abolitionism attributed to a moral response originating within the slave-owning …
Russia and Iran in the Great Game
Elena Andreeva Abingdon, UK, Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern History, 2007, Pp.288, $160.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-415-77153-5 Relations between Russia and Iran, diplomatic, political, cultural
Bread and justice in Qajar Iran
In 1971, E. P. Thompson published a seminal article on eighteenth century English bread riots which was to become a foundational text for the study of such protests. Challenging older elite notions of the irrationality, illegitimacy and even criminality of the ‘mob’, Thompson situated popular direct action in times of food crises within a very specific historical, economic and, most importantly, cultural context. This context produced a deeply he…
Importing Modernity
In the first decades of the nineteenth century, when the Middle East and North Africa first began to attract the sustained attention of European imperialism and colonialism, Arab, Ottoman Turkish, and Iranian polities began a protracted experiment with army modernization. These decades saw a mania in the Middle East for the import of European methods of military organization and techniques of warfare. Everywhere, in the Ottoman Empire, North Afri…
Riza Shah, the Fall of Sardar Asad, and the “Bakhtiyari Plot”
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Popular Protest, Disorder, and Riot in Iran
This article looks at the continuing political vitality of the urban crowd in early Pahlavi Iran and the role it played in the crises which wracked Tehran in the first half of the 1920s, examining, as far as possible, the ways in which crowds were mobilized, their composition, leaderships, and objectives. In particular it analyses Riza Khan's own adoption of populist tactics in his struggle with the Qajar dynasty in 1924–1925, and his regime's at…
The Politics of Debt
Riza Shah and the Disintegration of Bakhtiyari Power in Iran, 1921–1934
During the years of the constitutional revolution and the Great War, Iran experienced a widespread and general reassertion of tribal power and by 1921 much of the country was under tribal control. Riza Khan's seizure of power, however, inaugurated a transformation in the relationship between the center and periphery in Iran. For the new regime and for the nationalist elite which supported it, the suppression of the tribes was an indispensable ele…
Opposition to Reza Khan within the Iranian Army, 1921–26
(1994). Opposition to Reza Khan within the Iranian Army, 1921–26. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 724-750
Opposition to Reza Khan within the Iranian Army, 1921–26
(1994). Opposition to Reza Khan within the Iranian Army, 1921–26. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 724-750
An experiment in military modernization
Throughout the nineteenth century military modemization was a constant preoccupation of Iranian reformers and the history of the Qajar period is peppered with attempts to create a standing army on the European model with the help of missions of foreign officers. These attempts were undertaken in the hope that Iran could, in conscious imitation of the Ottoman example, develop sufficient military strength to defend itself against its external enemi…
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A HISTORY OF PALESTINE 634–1099. By Moshe Gil. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. 968 pp. ARABIC HISTORICAL THOUGHT IN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD. By Tarif Khalidi. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994, xiii+250 pp. £35.00 (hb). THE HISTORY OF THE SAFFARIDS OF SISTAN AND THE MALIKS OF NIMRUZ (247/861 to 949/1542–3). By C. E. Bosworth. Costa Mesa, Mazda Publishers, 1994. 477 pp. $49.00. BADR AL‐DIN LU'LU’: ATABEG OF MOSUL, 1211–1259. By…
An experiment in revolutionary nationalism
(1997). An experiment in revolutionary nationalism: the rebellion of Colonel Muhammad Taqi Khan Pasyan in Mashhad, April‐October 1921. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 693-750
The Army and the Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1921-1926
Part 1 The Government Gendarmerie, 1910-1921: formation and early years the impact of the First World War the Muhajirat and the National Government of Kirmanshah the reconstruction of the Government Gendarmerie. Part 2 The Cossacks, 1906-1921: the constitutional period, 1906-1914 war and revolution, 1914-1917 the Cossack division under Colonel Starroselsky the Cossack division and the 1921 coup d'etat. Part 3 1921 - The Cossack ascendancy: the de…
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REVEALING THE HOLY LAND: THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPLORATION OF PALESTINE. By Kathleen Stewart Howe. Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, 1997. 144pp. $US 60 (hb), $US 29.95 (pb). THE EMERGENCE OF THE ‘ABBASID AUTOCRACY: THE ‘ABBASID ARMY, KHURASAN AND ADHARBAYJAN. By Fukuzo Amabe, Kyoto University Press, 1995 xi + 322pp. THE BUKHARANS: A DYNASTIC, DIPLOMATIC AND COMMERCIAL HISTORY, 1550–1702. By Audrey Burton. Richmond, Surrey, UK; Curzon Press, 1997; xxxvii …
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TWO INDIAN TRAVELLERS: EAST AFRICA 1902–1906. Edited by Cynthia Salvadori with Judy Aldrick. Mombasa, Friends of Fort Jesus, 1997. x + 242 pp. K. Shs 900.00 (pb). THE HERITAGE OF OMAN; A CELEBRATION IN PHOTOGRAPHS. By Pauline Sheldon (with photographs by Ozzie Newcombe). Reading, Garnet Publishing Limited, 1995. 160 pp. £30.00 COMRADES AND ENEMIES. ARAB AND JEWISH WORKERS IN PALESTINE, 1906–1948. By Zachary Lockman. Berkeley and Los Angeles, Univ…
Writing the History of Modern Iran
Afin de mieux comprendre la situation actuelle et les perspectives de l'Iran moderne, l'auteur de l'article s'attache a l'etude de l'histoire iranienne au cours du 20e siecle a partir des sources perses et britanniques
Conscription and Popular Resistance in Iran, 1925-1941
For the nationalist regimes of the inter-war Middle East, Riza Shah's Iran, Mustafa Kemal's Turkey and Hashemite Iraq, the construction of a strong national army based on universal military service was an essential element of state-building and nation-formation. Yet although conscription was ardently advocated by the nationalist intelligentsia, wherever it was actually imposed it aroused intense resentment. Nonetheless, although enforced conscrip…
A
BETWEEN MARRIAGE AND THE MARKET: INTIMATE POLITICS AND SURVIVAL IN CAIRO. By Homa Hoodfar. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, University of California Press, 1997. xviii, 302 pp
The Politics of Radicalism within the Iranian Army
When the Iranian Revolution of 1979 Overthrew Pahlavi Power in Iran the attention of historians was suddenly attracted towards a study of the antecedents of the revolutionary movement and of opposition to the Pahlavi dictatorship in general. This redirection of attention produced, during the 1980s, quite novel historical and historiographical analyses of modern Iran. The army, however, largely escaped these revisionist approaches. Yet it is clear…
The left in Iran
The Left has never held power in Iran, has never come close to holding power, even for a brief historical moment. Yet its impact on the political and intellectual history of the country has been profound. From the constitutional period, through the oil nationalization crisis, to the Islamic revolution, leftist forces have played a significant and even, as Maziar Behrooz remarks, sometimes a determining role.' Their influence, in both organization…
Riza Shah and the Disintegration of Bakhtiyari Power in Iran, 1921–1934
During the years of the constitutional revolution and the Great War, Iran experienced a widespread and general reassertion of tribal power and by 1921 much of the country was under tribal control. Riza Khan's seizure of power, however, inaugurated a transformation in the relationship between the center and periphery in Iran. For the new regime and for the nationalist elite which supported it, the suppression of the tribes was an indispensable ele…
Modernity, Power and Islam in Iran
Si la revolution iranienne de 1979 fut un evenement historique important, elle fut aussi a l'origine d'une serie de reinterpretations de l'histoire moderne de l'Iran a la lumiere - ou dans l'ombre - de la revolution islamique. L'A. propose quelques commentaires a propos de sept ouvrages recents sur l'histoire de l'Iran moderne. Selon lui, s'il a ete suggere que l'historiographie iranienne a ete particulierement marquee par l'orientalisme, ces pub…
The Making of Modern Iran
This collection of essays, by a distinguished group of specialists, offers a new and exciting interpretation of Riza Shah's Iran. A period of key importance, the years between 1921-1941 have, until now, remained relatively neglected. Recently, however, there has been a marked revival of interest in the history of these two decades and this collection brings together some of the best of this recent new scholarship.Illustrating the diversity and co…
Short Notices
Refugees from Reality and the Realities of Refugees
The fascination which the imagined Orient continues to exercise is evident these days especially among those who seek to deconstruct it. Derek Hopwood, drawing extensively but not uncritically on themes derived from Edward Said, has written a substantial study of the way in which British, French and Arab men and women related to each other sexually, primarily during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He examines sexual perceptions propagated…
Modernity, Change and Dictatorship in Iran
The early Pahlavi period in Iran has conventionally been seen through the prism of its state-building effort. Attention has been focused almost exclusively on the high politics of the Tehran elite and a positive or negative balance sheet drawn up according to assessments of this elite's success in transforming Iran into a modern, politically independent, nation state. This preoccupation with the Tehran regime and its version of modernity has typi…
The Politics of Debt
Riza Shah, the Fall of Sardar Asad, and the “Bakhtiyari Plot”
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Popular Protest, Disorder, and Riot in Iran
This article looks at the continuing political vitality of the urban crowd in early Pahlavi Iran and the role it played in the crises which wracked Tehran in the first half of the 1920s, examining, as far as possible, the ways in which crowds were mobilized, their composition, leaderships, and objectives. In particular it analyses Riza Khan's own adoption of populist tactics in his struggle with the Qajar dynasty in 1924–1925, and his regime's at…
Resisting the New State
This article examines the responses of the rural poor, both settled peasants and pastoral nomads, to the upheavals unleashed in the Iranian countryside by Riza Shah's adoption of a programme of authoritarian state-building and rapid modernization. The article shows how, contrary to the conventional assumptions of rural passivity held by both Western scholarship and Iranian nationalism, peasant and nomad communities in fact generated a variety of …
Workshop on ‘The Politics of Elections and the Struggle for Democracy in the Middle East
Tribal Politics in Iran
Placing Iran's 'tribal problem' in its historical context, Tribal Politics in Iran provides an overall assessment on the impact of this crucial period on the character of tribe-state relations in Iran to the end of Pahlavi rule and in the Islamic Republic. It analyzes the political and socio-economic factors undermining tribal politics under the regime of Reza Shah, and examines the division which took place regarding the 'tribal problem'. The au…
General Maps of Persia
Islamic Studies and History (38 works) · History (37 works) · Political science (37 works) · Law (32 works) · Politics (28 works) · Ancient history (27 works) · Law (22 works) · History (20 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East (15 works)