Irene Padavic
Biographic Data
| ID | 101615 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Irene Padavic |
| GIVEN NAMES | Irene |
| FAMILY NAME | Padavic |
| SIGNATURE | PADAVIC I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Florida State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0646-559X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 621 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
What Do Workers and the Public Want? Unions' Social Value
Using data from a national sample of American workers, the authors develop measures for "prosocial unionism"-the belief that unions contribute to the common good-and use regression analysis to determine its impact on public support for unions and on workers' likelihood of supporting a union in a representation election in their workplace. Results show that the public's support for unions is stronger when the public believes that unions act in the…
Complicating parents’ gender and sexual expectations for children: A comparison of biological parents and stepparents
When social scientists argue that “families” reproduce and sometimes challenge gender and sexual norms, they tend to refer to biological, cisgender, and heterosexual families. We consider how one alternative family form—stepfamilies—might, like gay and lesbian families, challenge these norms. Interviews with 20 biological and stepparents reveal that whereas biological parents held relatively intense feelings about their children’s gender and sexu…
Low-Wage Women’s Experiences of Workplace Incivilities
Workplace incivility, also called bullying, mobbing, and harassment, is pervasive and takes a high toll on employees. This study draws on 18 in-depth interviews with women in the precarious, low-wage, service sector in jobs such as customer service representative, retail sales, food service, pharmacy technician, and bank teller. Women service workers are a particularly vulnerable group, and yet most research on workplace problems of this type foc…
Calculated Ageism: Generational Sacrifice as a Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic
While prior research reveals ageism's entrenchment in popular culture, our study finds that it has limits and identifies the reasons underlying them. The most common reasons for opposing calculated ageism center on its immorality and on its privileging of the economic interests of the powerful few over the many, patterns suggesting that the boundaries of ageism are influenced by core beliefs about fairness. They also are shaped by a bedrock convi…
Race Differences in Motivations for Joining Unions: The Role of Prosocial Beliefs
Objective This article investigates whether a prosocial orientation—which stresses unions’ concern for all working people—might differentially influence whites’ and African Americans’ decisions to join unions. Methods Logistic regression using data from the 2005 AFL‐CIO Union Message Survey. Results African Americans’ odds of voting “yes” in a hypothetical union election are nearly two times greater than whites’ odds, and prosocial beliefs partia…
Aiming High: Explaining the Earnings Advantage for Female Veterans
This study investigates how veteran status influences earnings for working-age American women. Recent increases in women's participation in the U.S. military mean that the proportion of female veterans is rising and is forecast to increase over the next 30 years. Yet we still know relatively little about the relationship between women's military experience and later labor-market outcomes. Drawing on American Community Survey data from 2008 to 201…
Little Girls Unwilling to Do What's Best for Them: Resurrecting Patriarchy in an LGBT Christian Church
This paper examines how a group of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Christians resurrected patriarchal patterns of gender inequality in their local church. On the basis of more than 450 hours of fieldwork, we analyze how a group of lesbian and gay members collaborated with a new pastor to transform an egalitarian, inclusive, and democratic organization into one characterized by the elevation of men and the subordination of women via…
Hours, Scheduling and Flexibility for Women in the US Low‐Wage Labour Force
Research on women's experiences with work schedules and flexibility tends to focus on professional women in high‐paying careers, despite women's far greater prevalence in low‐wage jobs. This paper seeks to contribute to our understanding of the work‐hours problems faced by women precariously employed in low‐wage jobs by addressing how work‐on‐demand scheduling and other features of part‐time labour in the neoliberal economy limit women's ability …
The Impact of Legal Inequality on Relational Power in Planned Lesbian Families
Lesbian families have the potential to create families unmarked by the inequalities of power often found in cross-sex relationships. Yet, based on interviews with 27 women with children in such relationships, we find that living in a state that legally restricts the rights of nonbirth parents to child contact if the couple relationship dissolves severely undermines this possibility. Nonbirth parents engaged in three fear-induced strategies that w…
Risk Assessment Tools and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System
This paper addresses the possible consequences for racial and ethnic disparities of the growing reliance on risk assessment tools for sentencing in juvenile justice systems. These tools consider both legal factors (i.e. criminal history) and personal background factors (e.g. household composition, parents’ arrest history, the youth’s mental health, attitudes, school status, and current employment status) to predict the likelihood of recidivism, w…
Lay Activism and Activism Intentions in a Faculty Union: An Exploratory Study
Prior conceptual work on union renewal places activism in a central role. Understanding of activism’s antecedents, however, remains limited. This study uses a sample of faculty union members at a large public university, thus providing considerable diversity in work settings within a single employer organization. Using survey and archival data, this study explores the role of selected contextual factors on faculty labor activism. A tentative but …
Mothers, Fathers, and 'Mathers: Negotiating a Lesbian Co-parental Identity
This article argues that to gain a more complete understanding of how lesbian families experience parenthood outside of the heterosexual context, scholars must consider how co-parents negotiate a parental identity, rather than presuming that women parents want to mother . Drawing on in-depth interviews with 17 women in a state that denies them parental legal rights, this article asks how a non-biologically related and non-legally related woman pa…
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Girls’ Sentencing in the Juvenile Justice System
This article examines how gender-role ideology may affect racial/ethnic disparities, using data on the population of Black, White and Hispanic female juvenile offenders in Florida. As expected, Black girls received harsher dispositions than White girls, but contrary to predictions, Hispanic girls’ dispositions were no harsher than White girls’. Interaction models revealed that the effects of race/ethnicity depend on legal variables; up to a certa…
Nonstandard Work Arrangements among Women and Men Scientists and Engineers
Structural Influences on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Women's Health Care
This paper summarizes recent research about several structural influences on racial and ethnic disparities in women's health care. While disparities in women's health care access and quality emanate from a number of sources, this paper focuses on the intersection between race/ethnicity and several structural factors (access to insurance coverage, discrimination, neighborhood characteristics, and social isolation). We identify gaps in the literatu…
Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity in a Batterer Intervention Program
Domestic violence represents a crucial underpinning of women's continued subordination, which is why much scholarly and activist energy has been expended in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs to reduce it. On the basis of three years of fieldwork, the authors analyze the interactional processes through which masculinity was constructed in one such program. They find that facilitators had success in getting the men to agree to take r…
Employment Exits and the Race Gap in Young Women's Employment
Objective. A race gap in employment that disadvantages young African‐American women has emerged for the first time in U.S. history. This article addresses the extent to which race differences in employment entry, exits, or both are responsible for the gap. Methods. The article relies on event‐history analysis using NLSY data. Results. Analyses show that differences in rates of exit, not entry, explain the race gap. Factors encouraging higher exit…
Laboring under Uncertainty: Identity Renegotiation among Contingent Workers
Relying on interviews with contingent workers in diverse jobs, this article explores the motivations underlying worker consent, in particular, workers' commitment to employers who did little to encourage it. Driven by the need to address the 'spoiled identity' problem brought on by contingent employment, workers engaged in identity-management strategies that included the following: defining a willingness to work hard rather than the job per se as…
An Examination of Competing Explanations for the Pay Gap among Scientists and Engineers
This article uses a nationally representative data set to determine the role of glass ceiling barriers and cohort effects on the earnings differences between women and men in an elite and growing group of professionals: Scientists and engineers. It draws on national data gathered in four surveys during the 1990s for cohorts graduating between 1955and1990.Results indicate a continuing pay gap net of human capital, family status, and occupational c…
Gender and the Construction of Workplace Dignity
Women and Men at Work
The authors address issues regarding women and men at work from a comparative, historical, global perspective, and in doing so link social science to the wider concerns of students seeking to make sense of this dramatically changing world
There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training
This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded …
No More Kin Care: Change in Black Mothers' Reliance on Relatives for Child Care, 1977-94
This article examines changes in employed African American mothers' use of relatives for child care. Data from nationally representative pooled cross sections show that the proportion of Black mothers relying on extended kin for care of their preschool-age children declined significantly between 1977 and 1994. Multivariate analyses reveal that the decline characterized all subgroups of employed African American mothers but was less pronounced for…
Change in Gender-Ideology, 1977-1996: The Contributions of Intracohort Change and Population Turnover
This paper addresses the processes underlying the dramatic shift in beliefs about women's work and family roles in the United States over the past two decades. Following Mason and Lu (1988), we posited this shift to be a function of actual change in individual opinions, as well as changes in population membership that result from births and deaths. Using pooled cross-sections from the General Social Surveys (1977 to 1996), we found that although …
Getting a Man or Getting Ahead: A Comparison of White and Black Sororities
In-depth interviews with thirteen white and thirteen black sorority members at two college campuses show that white sororities encourage romantic pairings ("getting a man") evidenced by their extensive social affairs and formal recognitions for women who achieve relationship milestones, while black sororities focus on careers and community service ("getting ahead") evidenced by their reliance on sorority alumnae for career networking and by their…
Change in Gender-Ideology, 1977-1996: The Contributions of Intracohort Change and Population Turnover
This paper addresses the processes underlying the dramatic shift in beliefs about women's work and family roles in the United States over the past two decades. Following Mason and Lu (1988), we posited this shift to be a function of actual change in individual opinions, as well as changes in population membership that result from births and deaths. Using pooled cross-sections from the General Social Surveys (1977 to 1996), we found that although …
There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training
This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded …
Sister Acts: Resisting Men's Domination in Black and White Fraternity Little Sister Programs
Fraternity little sister programs on college campuses both produce and resist gender inequality. This study draws on data from 40 in-depth interviews and participant observation on college campuses in the Southeast to examine race differences in types of resistance. Black little sisters used collective forms of resistance, which had greater success than white little sisters' individual forms of resistance. Structural and ideological differences i…
No More Kin Care: Change in Black Mothers' Reliance on Relatives for Child Care, 1977-94
This article examines changes in employed African American mothers' use of relatives for child care. Data from nationally representative pooled cross sections show that the proportion of Black mothers relying on extended kin for care of their preschool-age children declined significantly between 1977 and 1994. Multivariate analyses reveal that the decline characterized all subgroups of employed African American mothers but was less pronounced for…
Laboring under Uncertainty: Identity Renegotiation among Contingent Workers
Relying on interviews with contingent workers in diverse jobs, this article explores the motivations underlying worker consent, in particular, workers' commitment to employers who did little to encourage it. Driven by the need to address the 'spoiled identity' problem brought on by contingent employment, workers engaged in identity-management strategies that included the following: defining a willingness to work hard rather than the job per se as…
Hours, Scheduling and Flexibility for Women in the US Low‐Wage Labour Force
Research on women's experiences with work schedules and flexibility tends to focus on professional women in high‐paying careers, despite women's far greater prevalence in low‐wage jobs. This paper seeks to contribute to our understanding of the work‐hours problems faced by women precariously employed in low‐wage jobs by addressing how work‐on‐demand scheduling and other features of part‐time labour in the neoliberal economy limit women's ability …
Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity in a Batterer Intervention Program
Domestic violence represents a crucial underpinning of women's continued subordination, which is why much scholarly and activist energy has been expended in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs to reduce it. On the basis of three years of fieldwork, the authors analyze the interactional processes through which masculinity was constructed in one such program. They find that facilitators had success in getting the men to agree to take r…
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Girls’ Sentencing in the Juvenile Justice System
This article examines how gender-role ideology may affect racial/ethnic disparities, using data on the population of Black, White and Hispanic female juvenile offenders in Florida. As expected, Black girls received harsher dispositions than White girls, but contrary to predictions, Hispanic girls’ dispositions were no harsher than White girls’. Interaction models revealed that the effects of race/ethnicity depend on legal variables; up to a certa…
The Re-Creation Of Gender In A Male Workplace
This paper draws on participant observation in a male-dominated blue-collar job to understand how the concepts of masculinity and femininity are re-created through coworker interactions on the shopfloor and the effect of this on women. Men typecast women in these jobs as either feminine or unfeminine and treated them differently, but in both cases, women's presence was useful for defining-and in the case of sex-role appropriate women-enforcing ma…
Men's Behavior and Women's Interest in Blue-Collar Jobs
Several factors have limited women's inroads into skilled blue-collar jobs. With questionnaire and interview data from employees at a large utility firm, this paper examines whether men's reactions to women who worked temporarily in plant jobs discouraged women from permanently returning to such jobs. Women who held male blue-collar plant jobs during a strike of unionized male workers experienced hostility, sexual harassment, paternalism, and fun…
Little Girls Unwilling to Do What's Best for Them: Resurrecting Patriarchy in an LGBT Christian Church
This paper examines how a group of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Christians resurrected patriarchal patterns of gender inequality in their local church. On the basis of more than 450 hours of fieldwork, we analyze how a group of lesbian and gay members collaborated with a new pastor to transform an egalitarian, inclusive, and democratic organization into one characterized by the elevation of men and the subordination of women via…
Supervisors as Gatekeepers: Male Supervisors' Response to Women's Integration in Plant Jobs
Male supervisors' reactions to women in male blue-collar jobs contribute to understanding women's under-representation in those jobs. Using data for utility employees, we examine supervisors' reactions to women assigned to typically male plant jobs during a strike of unionized workers. Sex stereotypes led supervisors to reassign many women to more traditionally female jobs, thereby limiting supervisors' opportunities to test their stereotypes abo…
An Examination of Competing Explanations for the Pay Gap among Scientists and Engineers
This article uses a nationally representative data set to determine the role of glass ceiling barriers and cohort effects on the earnings differences between women and men in an elite and growing group of professionals: Scientists and engineers. It draws on national data gathered in four surveys during the 1990s for cohorts graduating between 1955and1990.Results indicate a continuing pay gap net of human capital, family status, and occupational c…
Calculated Ageism: Generational Sacrifice as a Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic
While prior research reveals ageism's entrenchment in popular culture, our study finds that it has limits and identifies the reasons underlying them. The most common reasons for opposing calculated ageism center on its immorality and on its privileging of the economic interests of the powerful few over the many, patterns suggesting that the boundaries of ageism are influenced by core beliefs about fairness. They also are shaped by a bedrock convi…
Mothers, Fathers, and 'Mathers: Negotiating a Lesbian Co-parental Identity
This article argues that to gain a more complete understanding of how lesbian families experience parenthood outside of the heterosexual context, scholars must consider how co-parents negotiate a parental identity, rather than presuming that women parents want to mother . Drawing on in-depth interviews with 17 women in a state that denies them parental legal rights, this article asks how a non-biologically related and non-legally related woman pa…
Employment Exits and the Race Gap in Young Women's Employment
Objective. A race gap in employment that disadvantages young African‐American women has emerged for the first time in U.S. history. This article addresses the extent to which race differences in employment entry, exits, or both are responsible for the gap. Methods. The article relies on event‐history analysis using NLSY data. Results. Analyses show that differences in rates of exit, not entry, explain the race gap. Factors encouraging higher exit…
Paternalism as a component of managerial strategy
Paternalistic forms of labor control have become less viable according to many macro and mid-range analyses. This is true to a point, but it is exaggerated and this exaggeration results, we argue, from common theoretical premises. In the Weberian perspective, paternalism is one of several univocal forms of legitimized authority. The assumption follows that paternalized managerial strategies will be univocally paternalist, and thus will become obs…
White-Collar Work Values and Women's Interest in Blue-Collar Jobs
Based on a case study of a large utility company, this article analyzes the effect of a preference for white-collar work on women's job decisions. The sample consists of a group of women who worked temporarily in traditionally male plant jobs in the company and a group of women who remained in white-collar jobs in the same firm. Results indicate that both groups did indeed value job attributes that are found principally in office jobs, such as cl…
Getting a Man or Getting Ahead: A Comparison of White and Black Sororities
In-depth interviews with thirteen white and thirteen black sorority members at two college campuses show that white sororities encourage romantic pairings ("getting a man") evidenced by their extensive social affairs and formal recognitions for women who achieve relationship milestones, while black sororities focus on careers and community service ("getting ahead") evidenced by their reliance on sorority alumnae for career networking and by their…
Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in the Florida Legal System: A Comparison of Dominance and Spillover Explanations
This article applies two explanations of sexual harassment-gender dominance and sex-role spillover-in multivariate analyses of perceptions of two forms of harassment of women in legal settings by male judges and attorneys. Regression analyses of data from statewide samples of Florida judges and attorneys support the age/spillover hypothesis: Older cohorts of men are markedly less likely than are other respondents to perceive male judges' and atto…
Nonstandard Work Arrangements among Women and Men Scientists and Engineers
Agricultural Restructuring and the Spatial Dynamics of U.S. Women's Employment in the 1970s 1
The spatial rearrangement of women agricultural workers' employment across 380 labor market areas is examined during the period of agricultural transformation in the 1970s. Labor market maps of women's employment changes show regional declines and increases in accord with the dynamics of agricultural industrialization. Case studies selected from the maps demonstrate the gender‐specific and locality‐specific ramifications of these transformations
Aiming High: Explaining the Earnings Advantage for Female Veterans
This study investigates how veteran status influences earnings for working-age American women. Recent increases in women's participation in the U.S. military mean that the proportion of female veterans is rising and is forecast to increase over the next 30 years. Yet we still know relatively little about the relationship between women's military experience and later labor-market outcomes. Drawing on American Community Survey data from 2008 to 201…
The Impact of Legal Inequality on Relational Power in Planned Lesbian Families
Lesbian families have the potential to create families unmarked by the inequalities of power often found in cross-sex relationships. Yet, based on interviews with 27 women with children in such relationships, we find that living in a state that legally restricts the rights of nonbirth parents to child contact if the couple relationship dissolves severely undermines this possibility. Nonbirth parents engaged in three fear-induced strategies that w…
Race Differences in Motivations for Joining Unions: The Role of Prosocial Beliefs
Objective This article investigates whether a prosocial orientation—which stresses unions’ concern for all working people—might differentially influence whites’ and African Americans’ decisions to join unions. Methods Logistic regression using data from the 2005 AFL‐CIO Union Message Survey. Results African Americans’ odds of voting “yes” in a hypothetical union election are nearly two times greater than whites’ odds, and prosocial beliefs partia…
Supervisors as Gatekeepers: Male Supervisors' Response to Women's Integration in Plant Jobs
Male supervisors' reactions to women in male blue-collar jobs contribute to understanding women's under-representation in those jobs. Using data for utility employees, we examine supervisors' reactions to women assigned to typically male plant jobs during a strike of unionized workers. Sex stereotypes led supervisors to reassign many women to more traditionally female jobs, thereby limiting supervisors' opportunities to test their stereotypes abo…
Problems of Working Women, Part 1
Mothers Alone: Strategies for a Time of Change
Men's Behavior and Women's Interest in Blue-Collar Jobs
Several factors have limited women's inroads into skilled blue-collar jobs. With questionnaire and interview data from employees at a large utility firm, this paper examines whether men's reactions to women who worked temporarily in plant jobs discouraged women from permanently returning to such jobs. Women who held male blue-collar plant jobs during a strike of unionized male workers experienced hostility, sexual harassment, paternalism, and fun…
The Re-Creation Of Gender In A Male Workplace
This paper draws on participant observation in a male-dominated blue-collar job to understand how the concepts of masculinity and femininity are re-created through coworker interactions on the shopfloor and the effect of this on women. Men typecast women in these jobs as either feminine or unfeminine and treated them differently, but in both cases, women's presence was useful for defining-and in the case of sex-role appropriate women-enforcing ma…
Labor Control in a “New South” Community
White-Collar Work Values and Women's Interest in Blue-Collar Jobs
Based on a case study of a large utility company, this article analyzes the effect of a preference for white-collar work on women's job decisions. The sample consists of a group of women who worked temporarily in traditionally male plant jobs in the company and a group of women who remained in white-collar jobs in the same firm. Results indicate that both groups did indeed value job attributes that are found principally in office jobs, such as cl…
Agricultural Restructuring and the Spatial Dynamics of U.S. Women's Employment in the 1970s 1
The spatial rearrangement of women agricultural workers' employment across 380 labor market areas is examined during the period of agricultural transformation in the 1970s. Labor market maps of women's employment changes show regional declines and increases in accord with the dynamics of agricultural industrialization. Case studies selected from the maps demonstrate the gender‐specific and locality‐specific ramifications of these transformations
Paternalism as a component of managerial strategy
Paternalistic forms of labor control have become less viable according to many macro and mid-range analyses. This is true to a point, but it is exaggerated and this exaggeration results, we argue, from common theoretical premises. In the Weberian perspective, paternalism is one of several univocal forms of legitimized authority. The assumption follows that paternalized managerial strategies will be univocally paternalist, and thus will become obs…
Sociology for the Student as Public: A Neglected Genre
Women and Men at Work
Sister Acts: Resisting Men's Domination in Black and White Fraternity Little Sister Programs
Fraternity little sister programs on college campuses both produce and resist gender inequality. This study draws on data from 40 in-depth interviews and participant observation on college campuses in the Southeast to examine race differences in types of resistance. Black little sisters used collective forms of resistance, which had greater success than white little sisters' individual forms of resistance. Structural and ideological differences i…
Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in the Florida Legal System: A Comparison of Dominance and Spillover Explanations
This article applies two explanations of sexual harassment-gender dominance and sex-role spillover-in multivariate analyses of perceptions of two forms of harassment of women in legal settings by male judges and attorneys. Regression analyses of data from statewide samples of Florida judges and attorneys support the age/spillover hypothesis: Older cohorts of men are markedly less likely than are other respondents to perceive male judges' and atto…
Getting a Man or Getting Ahead: A Comparison of White and Black Sororities
In-depth interviews with thirteen white and thirteen black sorority members at two college campuses show that white sororities encourage romantic pairings ("getting a man") evidenced by their extensive social affairs and formal recognitions for women who achieve relationship milestones, while black sororities focus on careers and community service ("getting ahead") evidenced by their reliance on sorority alumnae for career networking and by their…
Change in Gender-Ideology, 1977-1996: The Contributions of Intracohort Change and Population Turnover
This paper addresses the processes underlying the dramatic shift in beliefs about women's work and family roles in the United States over the past two decades. Following Mason and Lu (1988), we posited this shift to be a function of actual change in individual opinions, as well as changes in population membership that result from births and deaths. Using pooled cross-sections from the General Social Surveys (1977 to 1996), we found that although …
Women and Men at Work
The authors address issues regarding women and men at work from a comparative, historical, global perspective, and in doing so link social science to the wider concerns of students seeking to make sense of this dramatically changing world
There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training
This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded …
No More Kin Care: Change in Black Mothers' Reliance on Relatives for Child Care, 1977-94
This article examines changes in employed African American mothers' use of relatives for child care. Data from nationally representative pooled cross sections show that the proportion of Black mothers relying on extended kin for care of their preschool-age children declined significantly between 1977 and 1994. Multivariate analyses reveal that the decline characterized all subgroups of employed African American mothers but was less pronounced for…
Gender and the Construction of Workplace Dignity
Employment Exits and the Race Gap in Young Women's Employment
Objective. A race gap in employment that disadvantages young African‐American women has emerged for the first time in U.S. history. This article addresses the extent to which race differences in employment entry, exits, or both are responsible for the gap. Methods. The article relies on event‐history analysis using NLSY data. Results. Analyses show that differences in rates of exit, not entry, explain the race gap. Factors encouraging higher exit…
Laboring under Uncertainty: Identity Renegotiation among Contingent Workers
Relying on interviews with contingent workers in diverse jobs, this article explores the motivations underlying worker consent, in particular, workers' commitment to employers who did little to encourage it. Driven by the need to address the 'spoiled identity' problem brought on by contingent employment, workers engaged in identity-management strategies that included the following: defining a willingness to work hard rather than the job per se as…
An Examination of Competing Explanations for the Pay Gap among Scientists and Engineers
This article uses a nationally representative data set to determine the role of glass ceiling barriers and cohort effects on the earnings differences between women and men in an elite and growing group of professionals: Scientists and engineers. It draws on national data gathered in four surveys during the 1990s for cohorts graduating between 1955and1990.Results indicate a continuing pay gap net of human capital, family status, and occupational c…
Structural Influences on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Women's Health Care
This paper summarizes recent research about several structural influences on racial and ethnic disparities in women's health care. While disparities in women's health care access and quality emanate from a number of sources, this paper focuses on the intersection between race/ethnicity and several structural factors (access to insurance coverage, discrimination, neighborhood characteristics, and social isolation). We identify gaps in the literatu…
Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity in a Batterer Intervention Program
Domestic violence represents a crucial underpinning of women's continued subordination, which is why much scholarly and activist energy has been expended in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs to reduce it. On the basis of three years of fieldwork, the authors analyze the interactional processes through which masculinity was constructed in one such program. They find that facilitators had success in getting the men to agree to take r…
Nonstandard Work Arrangements among Women and Men Scientists and Engineers
Sociology (29 works) · Political science (28 works) · Psychology (28 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Gender Studies (17 works) · Law (17 works) · Economics (14 works) · Demographic economics (11 works) · Labor Movements and Unions (11 works) · Labour economics (10 works)