James R Scarritt
Biographic Data
| ID | 101837 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James R Scarritt |
| GIVEN NAMES | James R |
| FAMILY NAME | Scarritt |
| SIGNATURE | SCARRITT J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Colorado Boulder |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 389 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1965 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Global Human Rights: Public Policies, Comparative Measures, and NGO Strategies
Ethnopolitical demography and democracy in sub-Saharan Africa
Ethnic fragmentation is largely presumed to be bad for democracy. However, many African countries belie this claim, as democracy has recently sprouted in several of its multiethnic states. We argue that African countries that have demographic patterns where the largest ethnopolitical group is at least a near-majority and is simultaneously divided into nested subgroups produce Africa's most democratic multiethnic societies. This large-divided-grou…
Revue des revues
site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement
Democracy and Elections in Africa
Democracy and Elections in Africa. By Steffan Lindberg. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 240p. $55.00 cloth, $24.95 paper. This book is an original, important, and in many ways impressive study that will make a contribution to both electoral and Africanist scholarship. The author's central argument is that repetitive elections (three or more) increase the democratic qualities of regimes and broaden and deepen civil liberties in so…
The strategic choice of multiethnic parties in Zambia's dominant and personalist party system
In Zambia, ethnopolitical mobilisation is ubiquitous in competitive electoral politics. Mobilisation history, focused on national leadership and guided by the nationalist and power- and status-seeking values of political leaders, has interacted with ethnopolitical group morphology and presidential and plurality institutions to structure political actors' strategic choices to favour broad multiethnic parties. This militates against the emergence a…
The Puzzle of African Party Systems
Two puzzling features characterize African party systems: low fragmentation and high volatility. We present systematic data describing these features and provide a theoretically grounded explanation of them. The explanation emphasizes the role of strategic choice structured by the institutional legacies of authoritarian regimes in the formation and development of political parties. Political restrictions under authoritarian regimes produced sever…
Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages, and Party Systems in Africa's Emerging Democracies
Do electoral institutions and ethnopolitical cleavages shape the structure of party systems separately or jointly? We examine the independent, additive, and interactive effects on the number of electoral and legislative parties of two institutional variables (district magnitude and proximity of presidential and legislative elections), one intervening variable (effective number of presidential candidates), and two new measures of ethnopolitical cl…
Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture & History in the Matopos Hills of Zimbabwe (review)
Ranger, Terrence. 1999. Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture & History in the Matopos Hills of Zimbabwe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 305 pp
The Interaction Between Democracy and Ethnopolitical Protest and Rebellion in Africa
This article reconciles theoretical and methodological differences between the Minorities at Risk (MAR) project and Bratton and van de Walle's 1997 analysis of democratic transitions occurring between 1990 and 1994. Analyses based on MAR have shown that protest in the 1980s was more likely to occur in more democratic African countries, whereas violent rebellion was more likely to occur in more autocratic countries. Bratton and van de Walle have s…
A process tracing plausibility probe of uneven democratization's effects on cooperative dyads: The case of Zambia and Zimbabwe 1980–1993
In this article we conduct a plausibility probe of the hypothesis that uneven democratization decreases cooperation within primarily cooperative dyads. This hypothesis is derived from a combination of Remmer's theory of democratization and international cooperation with democratic peace theory. The case of cooperation and conflict between two small powers, Zambia and Zimbabwe, from the latter's independence in 1980 to 1993 fits Eckstein's criteri…
Why territorial autonomy is not a viable option for managing ethnic conflict in African plural societies
(1999). Why territorial autonomy is not a viable option for managing ethnic conflict in African plural societies. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics: Vol. 5, Identity and Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies, pp. 230-253
The specification of ethnic cleavages and ethnopolitical groups for the analysis of democratic competition in contemporary Africa
Ethnicity remains an important (but not the only) cost‐effective strategic resource for organizing collective political action in Africa's emerging democracies. To advance systematic analysis of the impact of ethnicity on current patterns of democratic politics and the potential for democratic consolidation, this article describes and presents a comprehensive data set on ethnopolitical groups in all 48 African countries. It explicates the theoret…
The utility of reuters for events analysis in area studies: The case of Zambia‐Zimbabwe interactions, 1982–1993
Principal investigators in the Global Events Data System project (GEDS) and others have argued that Reuters Library Report is a superior global source of events data because its coverage of the world's regions is relatively even and it is easily accessible on‐line for automated or semi‐automated coding. The question if Reuters should be coded in conjunction with regional and local sources is left open. We test three expectations: Reuters yields a…
President Mkapa, Family, and Friends of Mwalimu Nyerere
H.E. Benjamin William Mkapa, President United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Tanzania President Mkapa, Family, and Friends of Mwalimu Nyerere, We, the corporate owners of Africa Today, were greatly saddened by the death of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. As a group of scholars and Africa activists for over 40 years, we knew and worked with your former President. Because Africa Today began publishing under the auspices of the American Committee on Af…
Cautionary notes on democratisation: Lessons from India and Zambia
Measuring Political Change: The Quantity and Effectiveness of Electoral and Party Participation in the Zambian One-Party State, 1973–91
The introduction of a ‘one-party participatory democracy’ in Zambia in 1973 under the United National Independence Party (UNIP) of President Kenneth Kaunda made significant changes in the nature and extent of political participation, regime structure and public policy in that country. Among a number of constitutional changes, the proscription of the opposition parties – African National Congress (ANC) and United Progressive Party (UPP) – was prob…
Protest and Rebellion in Africa: Explaining Conflicts between Ethnic Minorities and the State in the 1980s
This article examines the sub-Saharan African portion of the global Minorities at Risk project. It analyzes the relationships between group characteristics, grievances, mobilization, state characteristics, and nonviolent protest and rebellion in Africa and compares these relationships with those found in a global analysis using the same data set. Mobilization is more important than group characteristics or grievances in explaining nonviolent prot…
Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Minorities Rights at Risk: A Global Survey
As many as 5,000 distinct communities in the contemporary world might claim that they are national peoples on grounds that they share common ancestry, institutions, beliefs, language, and territory, according to one geographer, Bernard Nietschmann. Using more stringent criteria, Nielsson and Jones identified 575 ethnic groups that are actual or potential nations.3 Only a few of these groups enjoy international status as sovereign nationstates. Mo…
Explaining the state and state—society relations in Africa: What are the crucial variables
President Kenneth Kaunda's Annual Address to the Zambian National Assembly: A Contextual Content Analysis of Changing Rhetoric, 1965-83
Most writers on Zambia are agreed that President Kenneth Kaunda has grown more powerful over the last two decades by having learned to deal with changing circumstances, and that he has developed a unique position as an able and trusted mediator among political factions. There is also a consensus among those authors, however, that Kaunda's powers are rather severely constrained by the bourgeoisie-in-formation, by the weakening of the governing Uni…
The Politics of Elite Culture: Explorations in the Dramaturgy of Power in a Modern African Society
Analyzing Political Change in Africa: Applications of a New Multidimentional Framework
The Decline of Political Legitimacy in Zambia: An Explanation Based on Incomplete Data
Zambia, like all African countries, is experiencing significant political, economic, and social change. The Zambian government and ruling party seek to control change and channel it in certain directions, but many aspects of change are not initiated by them and a substantial proportion of these are not to their liking. Politically initiated changes and government reactions to other changes have inevitably affected the legitimacy of the Zambian po…
Importancia de las estrategias de ordenación y ritmo para lograr el cambio: Los Estados africanos de habla inglesa
James R. Scarritt, Importancia de las estrategias de ordenación y ritmo para lograr el cambio: los Estados africanos de habla inglesa, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Vol. 38, No. 3, Poder, Diversidad y Cambio Social (Jul. - Sep., 1976), pp. 559-578
Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages, and Party Systems in Africa's Emerging Democracies
Do electoral institutions and ethnopolitical cleavages shape the structure of party systems separately or jointly? We examine the independent, additive, and interactive effects on the number of electoral and legislative parties of two institutional variables (district magnitude and proximity of presidential and legislative elections), one intervening variable (effective number of presidential candidates), and two new measures of ethnopolitical cl…
The Puzzle of African Party Systems
Two puzzling features characterize African party systems: low fragmentation and high volatility. We present systematic data describing these features and provide a theoretically grounded explanation of them. The explanation emphasizes the role of strategic choice structured by the institutional legacies of authoritarian regimes in the formation and development of political parties. Political restrictions under authoritarian regimes produced sever…
The specification of ethnic cleavages and ethnopolitical groups for the analysis of democratic competition in contemporary Africa
Ethnicity remains an important (but not the only) cost‐effective strategic resource for organizing collective political action in Africa's emerging democracies. To advance systematic analysis of the impact of ethnicity on current patterns of democratic politics and the potential for democratic consolidation, this article describes and presents a comprehensive data set on ethnopolitical groups in all 48 African countries. It explicates the theoret…
Protest and Rebellion in Africa: Explaining Conflicts between Ethnic Minorities and the State in the 1980s
This article examines the sub-Saharan African portion of the global Minorities at Risk project. It analyzes the relationships between group characteristics, grievances, mobilization, state characteristics, and nonviolent protest and rebellion in Africa and compares these relationships with those found in a global analysis using the same data set. Mobilization is more important than group characteristics or grievances in explaining nonviolent prot…
The strategic choice of multiethnic parties in Zambia's dominant and personalist party system
In Zambia, ethnopolitical mobilisation is ubiquitous in competitive electoral politics. Mobilisation history, focused on national leadership and guided by the nationalist and power- and status-seeking values of political leaders, has interacted with ethnopolitical group morphology and presidential and plurality institutions to structure political actors' strategic choices to favour broad multiethnic parties. This militates against the emergence a…
The Interaction Between Democracy and Ethnopolitical Protest and Rebellion in Africa
This article reconciles theoretical and methodological differences between the Minorities at Risk (MAR) project and Bratton and van de Walle's 1997 analysis of democratic transitions occurring between 1990 and 1994. Analyses based on MAR have shown that protest in the 1980s was more likely to occur in more democratic African countries, whereas violent rebellion was more likely to occur in more autocratic countries. Bratton and van de Walle have s…
Minorities Rights at Risk: A Global Survey
As many as 5,000 distinct communities in the contemporary world might claim that they are national peoples on grounds that they share common ancestry, institutions, beliefs, language, and territory, according to one geographer, Bernard Nietschmann. Using more stringent criteria, Nielsson and Jones identified 575 ethnic groups that are actual or potential nations.3 Only a few of these groups enjoy international status as sovereign nationstates. Mo…
Why territorial autonomy is not a viable option for managing ethnic conflict in African plural societies
(1999). Why territorial autonomy is not a viable option for managing ethnic conflict in African plural societies. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics: Vol. 5, Identity and Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies, pp. 230-253
The utility of reuters for events analysis in area studies: The case of Zambia‐Zimbabwe interactions, 1982–1993
Principal investigators in the Global Events Data System project (GEDS) and others have argued that Reuters Library Report is a superior global source of events data because its coverage of the world's regions is relatively even and it is easily accessible on‐line for automated or semi‐automated coding. The question if Reuters should be coded in conjunction with regional and local sources is left open. We test three expectations: Reuters yields a…
Democracy and Elections in Africa
Democracy and Elections in Africa. By Steffan Lindberg. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 240p. $55.00 cloth, $24.95 paper. This book is an original, important, and in many ways impressive study that will make a contribution to both electoral and Africanist scholarship. The author's central argument is that repetitive elections (three or more) increase the democratic qualities of regimes and broaden and deepen civil liberties in so…
Elite Values, Ideology, and Power in Post-Independence Zambia
In this paper an attempt will be made to provide answers to the following questions: (1) What was the pattern of political values held by members of the Zambian elite soon after independence? (2) How did these values develop out of the experiences of elite members during the struggle for independence? (3) How have the events of subsequent post-independence years influenced these elite values, and specifically, what is the relationship between ear…
Measuring Political Change: The Quantity and Effectiveness of Electoral and Party Participation in the Zambian One-Party State, 1973–91
The introduction of a ‘one-party participatory democracy’ in Zambia in 1973 under the United National Independence Party (UNIP) of President Kenneth Kaunda made significant changes in the nature and extent of political participation, regime structure and public policy in that country. Among a number of constitutional changes, the proscription of the opposition parties – African National Congress (ANC) and United Progressive Party (UPP) – was prob…
The Decline of Political Legitimacy in Zambia: An Explanation Based on Incomplete Data
Zambia, like all African countries, is experiencing significant political, economic, and social change. The Zambian government and ruling party seek to control change and channel it in certain directions, but many aspects of change are not initiated by them and a substantial proportion of these are not to their liking. Politically initiated changes and government reactions to other changes have inevitably affected the legitimacy of the Zambian po…
Explaining the state and state—society relations in Africa: What are the crucial variables
Ethnopolitical demography and democracy in sub-Saharan Africa
Ethnic fragmentation is largely presumed to be bad for democracy. However, many African countries belie this claim, as democracy has recently sprouted in several of its multiethnic states. We argue that African countries that have demographic patterns where the largest ethnopolitical group is at least a near-majority and is simultaneously divided into nested subgroups produce Africa's most democratic multiethnic societies. This large-divided-grou…
Cautionary notes on democratisation: Lessons from India and Zambia
The U.S.S.R. and Africa. David Morison On African Socialism. Leopold Sedar Senghor The Somali Dispute. John Drysdale
The Politics and Administration of Nigerian Government. L. Franklin Blitz Nigeria: The Tribes, the Nation, or the Race--The Politics of Independence. Frederick A. O. Schwarz, Jr
Elite Values, Ideology, and Power in Post-Independence Zambia
In this paper an attempt will be made to provide answers to the following questions: (1) What was the pattern of political values held by members of the Zambian elite soon after independence? (2) How did these values develop out of the experiences of elite members during the struggle for independence? (3) How have the events of subsequent post-independence years influenced these elite values, and specifically, what is the relationship between ear…
Importancia de las estrategias de ordenación y ritmo para lograr el cambio: Los Estados africanos de habla inglesa
James R. Scarritt, Importancia de las estrategias de ordenación y ritmo para lograr el cambio: los Estados africanos de habla inglesa, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Vol. 38, No. 3, Poder, Diversidad y Cambio Social (Jul. - Sep., 1976), pp. 559-578
The Decline of Political Legitimacy in Zambia: An Explanation Based on Incomplete Data
Zambia, like all African countries, is experiencing significant political, economic, and social change. The Zambian government and ruling party seek to control change and channel it in certain directions, but many aspects of change are not initiated by them and a substantial proportion of these are not to their liking. Politically initiated changes and government reactions to other changes have inevitably affected the legitimacy of the Zambian po…
The Politics of Elite Culture: Explorations in the Dramaturgy of Power in a Modern African Society
Analyzing Political Change in Africa: Applications of a New Multidimentional Framework
Explaining the state and state—society relations in Africa: What are the crucial variables
President Kenneth Kaunda's Annual Address to the Zambian National Assembly: A Contextual Content Analysis of Changing Rhetoric, 1965-83
Most writers on Zambia are agreed that President Kenneth Kaunda has grown more powerful over the last two decades by having learned to deal with changing circumstances, and that he has developed a unique position as an able and trusted mediator among political factions. There is also a consensus among those authors, however, that Kaunda's powers are rather severely constrained by the bourgeoisie-in-formation, by the weakening of the governing Uni…
Minorities Rights at Risk: A Global Survey
As many as 5,000 distinct communities in the contemporary world might claim that they are national peoples on grounds that they share common ancestry, institutions, beliefs, language, and territory, according to one geographer, Bernard Nietschmann. Using more stringent criteria, Nielsson and Jones identified 575 ethnic groups that are actual or potential nations.3 Only a few of these groups enjoy international status as sovereign nationstates. Mo…
Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Protest and Rebellion in Africa: Explaining Conflicts between Ethnic Minorities and the State in the 1980s
This article examines the sub-Saharan African portion of the global Minorities at Risk project. It analyzes the relationships between group characteristics, grievances, mobilization, state characteristics, and nonviolent protest and rebellion in Africa and compares these relationships with those found in a global analysis using the same data set. Mobilization is more important than group characteristics or grievances in explaining nonviolent prot…
Cautionary notes on democratisation: Lessons from India and Zambia
Measuring Political Change: The Quantity and Effectiveness of Electoral and Party Participation in the Zambian One-Party State, 1973–91
The introduction of a ‘one-party participatory democracy’ in Zambia in 1973 under the United National Independence Party (UNIP) of President Kenneth Kaunda made significant changes in the nature and extent of political participation, regime structure and public policy in that country. Among a number of constitutional changes, the proscription of the opposition parties – African National Congress (ANC) and United Progressive Party (UPP) – was prob…
Why territorial autonomy is not a viable option for managing ethnic conflict in African plural societies
(1999). Why territorial autonomy is not a viable option for managing ethnic conflict in African plural societies. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics: Vol. 5, Identity and Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies, pp. 230-253
The specification of ethnic cleavages and ethnopolitical groups for the analysis of democratic competition in contemporary Africa
Ethnicity remains an important (but not the only) cost‐effective strategic resource for organizing collective political action in Africa's emerging democracies. To advance systematic analysis of the impact of ethnicity on current patterns of democratic politics and the potential for democratic consolidation, this article describes and presents a comprehensive data set on ethnopolitical groups in all 48 African countries. It explicates the theoret…
The utility of reuters for events analysis in area studies: The case of Zambia‐Zimbabwe interactions, 1982–1993
Principal investigators in the Global Events Data System project (GEDS) and others have argued that Reuters Library Report is a superior global source of events data because its coverage of the world's regions is relatively even and it is easily accessible on‐line for automated or semi‐automated coding. The question if Reuters should be coded in conjunction with regional and local sources is left open. We test three expectations: Reuters yields a…
President Mkapa, Family, and Friends of Mwalimu Nyerere
H.E. Benjamin William Mkapa, President United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Tanzania President Mkapa, Family, and Friends of Mwalimu Nyerere, We, the corporate owners of Africa Today, were greatly saddened by the death of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. As a group of scholars and Africa activists for over 40 years, we knew and worked with your former President. Because Africa Today began publishing under the auspices of the American Committee on Af…
A process tracing plausibility probe of uneven democratization's effects on cooperative dyads: The case of Zambia and Zimbabwe 1980–1993
In this article we conduct a plausibility probe of the hypothesis that uneven democratization decreases cooperation within primarily cooperative dyads. This hypothesis is derived from a combination of Remmer's theory of democratization and international cooperation with democratic peace theory. The case of cooperation and conflict between two small powers, Zambia and Zimbabwe, from the latter's independence in 1980 to 1993 fits Eckstein's criteri…
Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture & History in the Matopos Hills of Zimbabwe (review)
Ranger, Terrence. 1999. Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture & History in the Matopos Hills of Zimbabwe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 305 pp
The Interaction Between Democracy and Ethnopolitical Protest and Rebellion in Africa
This article reconciles theoretical and methodological differences between the Minorities at Risk (MAR) project and Bratton and van de Walle's 1997 analysis of democratic transitions occurring between 1990 and 1994. Analyses based on MAR have shown that protest in the 1980s was more likely to occur in more democratic African countries, whereas violent rebellion was more likely to occur in more autocratic countries. Bratton and van de Walle have s…
Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages, and Party Systems in Africa's Emerging Democracies
Do electoral institutions and ethnopolitical cleavages shape the structure of party systems separately or jointly? We examine the independent, additive, and interactive effects on the number of electoral and legislative parties of two institutional variables (district magnitude and proximity of presidential and legislative elections), one intervening variable (effective number of presidential candidates), and two new measures of ethnopolitical cl…
The Puzzle of African Party Systems
Two puzzling features characterize African party systems: low fragmentation and high volatility. We present systematic data describing these features and provide a theoretically grounded explanation of them. The explanation emphasizes the role of strategic choice structured by the institutional legacies of authoritarian regimes in the formation and development of political parties. Political restrictions under authoritarian regimes produced sever…
The strategic choice of multiethnic parties in Zambia's dominant and personalist party system
In Zambia, ethnopolitical mobilisation is ubiquitous in competitive electoral politics. Mobilisation history, focused on national leadership and guided by the nationalist and power- and status-seeking values of political leaders, has interacted with ethnopolitical group morphology and presidential and plurality institutions to structure political actors' strategic choices to favour broad multiethnic parties. This militates against the emergence a…
Revue des revues
site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement
Political science (26 works) · Law (21 works) · Politics (18 works) · Law (16 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Economics (13 works) · Political economy (13 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (12 works) · International Development and Aid (11 works) · Development economics (10 works)