Alexander H Trechsel
Biographic Data
| ID | 1027135 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Alexander H Trechsel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Alexander H |
| FAMILY NAME | Trechsel |
| SIGNATURE | TRECHSEL A H |
| AFFILIATIONS | European University Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5212-051X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 517 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Patterns of Affective Polarization toward Parties and Leaders across the Democratic World
Research indicates that affective polarization pervades contemporary democracies worldwide. Although some studies identify party leaders as polarizing agents, affective polarization has been predominantly conceptualized as a product of in-/out-party feelings. This study compares levels of party affective polarization (PAP) and leader affective polarization (LAP) cross-nationally, using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Applyin…
Three sides of the same coin? comparing party positions in VAAs, expert surveys and manifesto data
Published online: 28 Sep 2021
The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion
Electoral persuasion rests at the center of the democratic process. Politicians, parties, interest groups, members of the media, and citizens themselves are constantly communicating with one another about electorally relevant topics. These communications will ultimately influence—although not always in predictable ways—voters’ choices and, therefore, election outcomes and the direction of government. Scholarship on this important topic has explod…
Mapping Parties’ Positions on Foreign and Security Issues in the EU, 2009–2014
This article offers a comparative analysis of parties’ position on foreign and security issues in the EU28 across the EP elections of 2009 and 2014. First, we map the position of the parties on selected foreign policy and security issues in both 2009 and 2014. Second, we measure the extent to which party positions on such issues remained stable across these five years. Third, we offer an explanatory analysis of the competing factors potentially a…
The representative deficit in different European Party Systems: An analysis of the elections to the European Parliament 2009-2014
This paper explores the extent to which different party systems in Europe effectively represent their citizens. We argue that many European countries suffer from a “representative deficit”, which occurs when a significant portion of citizens have to vote for a political party whose stated views are actually quite different from their own. We measure the extent of this deficit in different European countries using data from EU Profiler and euandi,…
Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy theories are a part of the human condition. Everyone believes at least one, but given the number of conspiracy theories, it is more likely that everyone believes a few. Some people have a worldview defined by them. Conspiracy theories are just another reminder that people disagree about many things, including truth. These disagreements have always existed and always will. We have to live with conspiracy theories and with the people who…
The Impact of Personalized Information on Vote Intention: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Voting advice applications (VAAs) are voter information tools that millions of individuals have used in recent elections throughout the world. However, little is known about how they affect political behavior. Until now, observational studies of VAA have produced inconclusive results. Here we present the results from a randomized field experiment in Switzerland that estimates the causal effects of VAA use on voters’ vote intentions. Our results s…
Voting Advice Applications and Electoral Participation: A Multi-Method Study
First published online: 15 February 2017
Party placement in supranational elections: An introduction to the euandi 2014 dataset
Throughout the years, political scientists have devised a multitude of techniques to position political parties on various ideological and policy/issue dimensions. So far, however, none of these techniques was able to evolve into a “gold standard” in party positioning. Against this background, one could recently witness the appearance of a new methodology for party positioning tightly connected to the spread of Voting Advice Applications (VAAs), …
Explaining Citizens’ Evaluations of Democracy
This chapter is dedicated to the explanation of citizens' evaluations of democracy. Parting from the rather well-developed literature on satisfaction with democracy, we find confirmation of the traditional explanations in this literature, with, however, important nuances across the three dimensions central to the contributions in this volume: liberal democracy, social justice, and direct democracy. We further expand this initial analysis by focus…
Systèmes d’Aide au Vote et comportement politique: Tour d’horizon
Les Systèmes d’Aide au Vote (SAV) ont longtemps été considérés comme un intéressant épiphénomène. C’est seulement au cours de ces dernières années que politologues et sociologues ont commencé à étudier les SAV et leurs effets potentiels sur les utilisateurs d’un point de vue aussi bien empirique que normatif. L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les principales conclusions issues des études existantes et d’établir un agenda de rech…
The diffusion of internet voting. Usage patterns of internet voting in Estonia between 2005 and 2015
E-voting has the potential to lower participation thresholds and increase turnout, but its technical complexity may produce other barriers to participation. Using Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations, we examined how the use of e-voting has changed over time. Data from eight e-enabled elections between 2005 and 2015 in Estonia, were used to investigate changes to the profile of e-voters and contrast them to those voting by conventional …
Europe’s voting space and the problem of second-order elections: A transnational proposal
This article offers an empirically driven critical consideration of the idea of transnationalising Europe’s voting space, which would mean allowing European citizens to vote for a party from any member state at the European Parliament elections. We argue that such a move would reduce the second-order problem in European elections, as it would force political parties to move away from campaigning solely on national issues. We also claim that it wo…
Responsive and Responsible? The Role of Parties in Twenty-First Century Politics
This special issue focuses on a particular aspect dear to theories of democracy in general and theories of representation in particular: the tension between responsiveness and responsibility affecting political parties in modern, liberal democracies. In doing so, it engages with Peter Mair's intellectual passion for this topic, which he developed over the years and intensively worked on until his premature death in 2011. He argued that this tensi…
Party preferences in the digital age: The impact of voting advice applications
Election campaigns in modern democracies are increasingly affected by the rise of Internet-based information and communication technologies. Here, one of the most significant developments concerns the rapidly spreading ‘voting advice applications’ (VAAs). VAAs help online users to find their parties by matching a series of party positions with the positions taken up by the users themselves. This article analyses whether such tailor-made campaign …
Party adaptation and change and the crisis of democracy
This article is the introduction to a special issue of articles written in honour of Peter Mair. The general theme of the issue is party adaptation and change, which is traced here through an analysis of contributions by Peter Mair as an individual author or with co-authors. The result is an assessment of the current state of the art of what can be cumulatively considered Peter Mair's theory of party adaptation and of the debate it has generated …
A look into the mirror: Preferences, representation and electoral participation
Voting Advice Applications: How Useful and for Whom
The use of voting advice applications (VAAs) has increased steadily in recent years. VAAs have been developed for elections taking place in individual countries as well as for region-wide European Union elections. In this article, we study the determinants of the perceived usefulness of VAAs for their users, with data from the EU Profiler—a voting advice application developed by the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO) that was first appli…
When Parties (Also) Position Themselves: An Introduction to the EU Profiler
This article frames and describes a novel method of political party positioning within the European Union and beyond. The EU Profiler project, a large-scale, interdisciplinary, and pan-European research endeavor, takes a step beyond the conventional approaches by including party self-positioning and by using internet-based information technology to offer full documentation of the positions that are identified. In addition to conventional expert c…
First or Second Order Referendums? Understanding the Votes on the EU Constitutional Treaty in Four EU Member States
International audience
Reflexive Accountability and Direct Democracy
The concept of democratic accountability is almost exclusively discussed in the context of representative forms of democracy, and with a strong focus on the electoral realm. This means that a large part of the literature deals with the accountability relationship that exists between political authorities and the electorate, with the former having to justify their acts to the latter. This paper attempts to shed light on potential connecting points…
Internet Voting in Comparative Perspective: The Case of Estonia
Several countries have conducted Internet voting trials in binding public elections over the past decade, including Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, Estonia—a former Soviet republic and now a full member of the European Union—has advanced the farthest in deploying Internet voting. In this article, we focus on how the Estonians have systematically addressed the legal and technical considerations required to make Int…
The Politics of Switzerland: Continuity and Change in a Consensus Democracy
Despite Switzerland's small size, its political system is one of the most complex and fascinating among contemporary democracies. The rich, complex mixture of centuries-old institutions and the refined political arrangements that exist today constitute a veritable laboratory for social scientists and their students. Often presented as the paradigmatic case of political integration, consensus democracy and multinational federalism, the Swiss model…
Inclusiveness of Old and New Forms of Citizens' Electoral Participation
Advocates of forms of 'direct democracy' usually argue that its introduction is a way to make politics more accessible to citizens. In the past decade different types of direct involvement of citizens have become more widespread in Europe, while the Internet is becoming a valuable tool to inform citizens and to facilitate the act of voting. Research into the question of whether these developments indeed enhance the inclusiveness of political syst…
How to federalize the European Union … and why bother
Most authors agree today that the European Union (EU) is undergoing a process of federalization. This contribution argues that under the unanimity principle for constitutional change, the EU faces three fundamental structural and institutional developments which, combined, may severely hinder its capacity to adapt its constitutional order in the future. These three developments are the expanded number of veto players (through the recent – and fut…
Responsive and Responsible? The Role of Parties in Twenty-First Century Politics
This special issue focuses on a particular aspect dear to theories of democracy in general and theories of representation in particular: the tension between responsiveness and responsibility affecting political parties in modern, liberal democracies. In doing so, it engages with Peter Mair's intellectual passion for this topic, which he developed over the years and intensively worked on until his premature death in 2011. He argued that this tensi…
Joining the EU: Explaining Public Opinion in Switzerland
Our model suggests that national political, economic and cultural dimensions have to be taken into account when explaining support for European Union (EU) membership among the Swiss electorate. Using data from the first Eurobarometer survey in Switzerland (1999), we empirically test our model using structural equation modelling. We find that institutional attachment and `image' of neighbouring countries are strongly linked to the perception of th…
Patterns of Affective Polarization toward Parties and Leaders across the Democratic World
Research indicates that affective polarization pervades contemporary democracies worldwide. Although some studies identify party leaders as polarizing agents, affective polarization has been predominantly conceptualized as a product of in-/out-party feelings. This study compares levels of party affective polarization (PAP) and leader affective polarization (LAP) cross-nationally, using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Applyin…
Direct democracy in switzerland: Do Elites Matter
Direct democratic institutions, while centrepieces of the Swiss political system, find themselves under attack. In this article, we challenge the widespread criticism that popular rights increasingly limit the political elite's control of the decisionmaking process. Our analysis is based on aggregate data of all acts voted on by the Swiss Parliament since 1947 – those brought about by popular initiatives or those subject to optional and mandatory…
When Parties (Also) Position Themselves: An Introduction to the EU Profiler
This article frames and describes a novel method of political party positioning within the European Union and beyond. The EU Profiler project, a large-scale, interdisciplinary, and pan-European research endeavor, takes a step beyond the conventional approaches by including party self-positioning and by using internet-based information technology to offer full documentation of the positions that are identified. In addition to conventional expert c…
First or Second Order Referendums? Understanding the Votes on the EU Constitutional Treaty in Four EU Member States
International audience
Party preferences in the digital age: The impact of voting advice applications
Election campaigns in modern democracies are increasingly affected by the rise of Internet-based information and communication technologies. Here, one of the most significant developments concerns the rapidly spreading ‘voting advice applications’ (VAAs). VAAs help online users to find their parties by matching a series of party positions with the positions taken up by the users themselves. This article analyses whether such tailor-made campaign …
Voting Advice Applications and Electoral Participation: A Multi-Method Study
First published online: 15 February 2017
Party adaptation and change and the crisis of democracy
This article is the introduction to a special issue of articles written in honour of Peter Mair. The general theme of the issue is party adaptation and change, which is traced here through an analysis of contributions by Peter Mair as an individual author or with co-authors. The result is an assessment of the current state of the art of what can be cumulatively considered Peter Mair's theory of party adaptation and of the debate it has generated …
A look into the mirror: Preferences, representation and electoral participation
The Impact of Personalized Information on Vote Intention: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Voting advice applications (VAAs) are voter information tools that millions of individuals have used in recent elections throughout the world. However, little is known about how they affect political behavior. Until now, observational studies of VAA have produced inconclusive results. Here we present the results from a randomized field experiment in Switzerland that estimates the causal effects of VAA use on voters’ vote intentions. Our results s…
The diffusion of internet voting. Usage patterns of internet voting in Estonia between 2005 and 2015
E-voting has the potential to lower participation thresholds and increase turnout, but its technical complexity may produce other barriers to participation. Using Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations, we examined how the use of e-voting has changed over time. Data from eight e-enabled elections between 2005 and 2015 in Estonia, were used to investigate changes to the profile of e-voters and contrast them to those voting by conventional …
Internet Voting in Comparative Perspective: The Case of Estonia
Several countries have conducted Internet voting trials in binding public elections over the past decade, including Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, Estonia—a former Soviet republic and now a full member of the European Union—has advanced the farthest in deploying Internet voting. In this article, we focus on how the Estonians have systematically addressed the legal and technical considerations required to make Int…
Three sides of the same coin? comparing party positions in VAAs, expert surveys and manifesto data
Published online: 28 Sep 2021
Party placement in supranational elections: An introduction to the euandi 2014 dataset
Throughout the years, political scientists have devised a multitude of techniques to position political parties on various ideological and policy/issue dimensions. So far, however, none of these techniques was able to evolve into a “gold standard” in party positioning. Against this background, one could recently witness the appearance of a new methodology for party positioning tightly connected to the spread of Voting Advice Applications (VAAs), …
Europe’s voting space and the problem of second-order elections: A transnational proposal
This article offers an empirically driven critical consideration of the idea of transnationalising Europe’s voting space, which would mean allowing European citizens to vote for a party from any member state at the European Parliament elections. We argue that such a move would reduce the second-order problem in European elections, as it would force political parties to move away from campaigning solely on national issues. We also claim that it wo…
Voting Advice Applications: How Useful and for Whom
The use of voting advice applications (VAAs) has increased steadily in recent years. VAAs have been developed for elections taking place in individual countries as well as for region-wide European Union elections. In this article, we study the determinants of the perceived usefulness of VAAs for their users, with data from the EU Profiler—a voting advice application developed by the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO) that was first appli…
Institutional Openness and the Use of Referendums and Popular Initiatives: Evidence from Swiss Cantons
Despite the growing interest in direct democratic institutions—like referendums and popular initiatives—the empirical evidence on the relationship between institutional openness and use is still sparse. We use a novel data set on the institutional openness and test its link to actual voting behaviour for ballots in the Swiss cantons for the period 1970‐1996. We find no robust relationship between the number of cantonal ballots and openness, measu…
Inclusiveness of Old and New Forms of Citizens' Electoral Participation
Advocates of forms of 'direct democracy' usually argue that its introduction is a way to make politics more accessible to citizens. In the past decade different types of direct involvement of citizens have become more widespread in Europe, while the Internet is becoming a valuable tool to inform citizens and to facilitate the act of voting. Research into the question of whether these developments indeed enhance the inclusiveness of political syst…
Mapping Parties’ Positions on Foreign and Security Issues in the EU, 2009–2014
This article offers a comparative analysis of parties’ position on foreign and security issues in the EU28 across the EP elections of 2009 and 2014. First, we map the position of the parties on selected foreign policy and security issues in both 2009 and 2014. Second, we measure the extent to which party positions on such issues remained stable across these five years. Third, we offer an explanatory analysis of the competing factors potentially a…
Reflexive Accountability and Direct Democracy
The concept of democratic accountability is almost exclusively discussed in the context of representative forms of democracy, and with a strong focus on the electoral realm. This means that a large part of the literature deals with the accountability relationship that exists between political authorities and the electorate, with the former having to justify their acts to the latter. This paper attempts to shed light on potential connecting points…
The representative deficit in different European Party Systems: An analysis of the elections to the European Parliament 2009-2014
This paper explores the extent to which different party systems in Europe effectively represent their citizens. We argue that many European countries suffer from a “representative deficit”, which occurs when a significant portion of citizens have to vote for a political party whose stated views are actually quite different from their own. We measure the extent of this deficit in different European countries using data from EU Profiler and euandi,…
Systèmes d’Aide au Vote et comportement politique: Tour d’horizon
Les Systèmes d’Aide au Vote (SAV) ont longtemps été considérés comme un intéressant épiphénomène. C’est seulement au cours de ces dernières années que politologues et sociologues ont commencé à étudier les SAV et leurs effets potentiels sur les utilisateurs d’un point de vue aussi bien empirique que normatif. L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les principales conclusions issues des études existantes et d’établir un agenda de rech…
Direct democracy in switzerland: Do Elites Matter
Direct democratic institutions, while centrepieces of the Swiss political system, find themselves under attack. In this article, we challenge the widespread criticism that popular rights increasingly limit the political elite's control of the decisionmaking process. Our analysis is based on aggregate data of all acts voted on by the Swiss Parliament since 1947 – those brought about by popular initiatives or those subject to optional and mandatory…
Joining the EU: Explaining Public Opinion in Switzerland
Our model suggests that national political, economic and cultural dimensions have to be taken into account when explaining support for European Union (EU) membership among the Swiss electorate. Using data from the first Eurobarometer survey in Switzerland (1999), we empirically test our model using structural equation modelling. We find that institutional attachment and `image' of neighbouring countries are strongly linked to the perception of th…
Institutional Openness and the Use of Referendums and Popular Initiatives: Evidence from Swiss Cantons
Despite the growing interest in direct democratic institutions—like referendums and popular initiatives—the empirical evidence on the relationship between institutional openness and use is still sparse. We use a novel data set on the institutional openness and test its link to actual voting behaviour for ballots in the Swiss cantons for the period 1970‐1996. We find no robust relationship between the number of cantonal ballots and openness, measu…
How to federalize the European Union … and why bother
Most authors agree today that the European Union (EU) is undergoing a process of federalization. This contribution argues that under the unanimity principle for constitutional change, the EU faces three fundamental structural and institutional developments which, combined, may severely hinder its capacity to adapt its constitutional order in the future. These three developments are the expanded number of veto players (through the recent – and fut…
Inclusiveness of Old and New Forms of Citizens' Electoral Participation
Advocates of forms of 'direct democracy' usually argue that its introduction is a way to make politics more accessible to citizens. In the past decade different types of direct involvement of citizens have become more widespread in Europe, while the Internet is becoming a valuable tool to inform citizens and to facilitate the act of voting. Research into the question of whether these developments indeed enhance the inclusiveness of political syst…
The Politics of Switzerland: Continuity and Change in a Consensus Democracy
Despite Switzerland's small size, its political system is one of the most complex and fascinating among contemporary democracies. The rich, complex mixture of centuries-old institutions and the refined political arrangements that exist today constitute a veritable laboratory for social scientists and their students. Often presented as the paradigmatic case of political integration, consensus democracy and multinational federalism, the Swiss model…
Internet Voting in Comparative Perspective: The Case of Estonia
Several countries have conducted Internet voting trials in binding public elections over the past decade, including Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, Estonia—a former Soviet republic and now a full member of the European Union—has advanced the farthest in deploying Internet voting. In this article, we focus on how the Estonians have systematically addressed the legal and technical considerations required to make Int…
Reflexive Accountability and Direct Democracy
The concept of democratic accountability is almost exclusively discussed in the context of representative forms of democracy, and with a strong focus on the electoral realm. This means that a large part of the literature deals with the accountability relationship that exists between political authorities and the electorate, with the former having to justify their acts to the latter. This paper attempts to shed light on potential connecting points…
When Parties (Also) Position Themselves: An Introduction to the EU Profiler
This article frames and describes a novel method of political party positioning within the European Union and beyond. The EU Profiler project, a large-scale, interdisciplinary, and pan-European research endeavor, takes a step beyond the conventional approaches by including party self-positioning and by using internet-based information technology to offer full documentation of the positions that are identified. In addition to conventional expert c…
First or Second Order Referendums? Understanding the Votes on the EU Constitutional Treaty in Four EU Member States
International audience
Voting Advice Applications: How Useful and for Whom
The use of voting advice applications (VAAs) has increased steadily in recent years. VAAs have been developed for elections taking place in individual countries as well as for region-wide European Union elections. In this article, we study the determinants of the perceived usefulness of VAAs for their users, with data from the EU Profiler—a voting advice application developed by the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO) that was first appli…
Responsive and Responsible? The Role of Parties in Twenty-First Century Politics
This special issue focuses on a particular aspect dear to theories of democracy in general and theories of representation in particular: the tension between responsiveness and responsibility affecting political parties in modern, liberal democracies. In doing so, it engages with Peter Mair's intellectual passion for this topic, which he developed over the years and intensively worked on until his premature death in 2011. He argued that this tensi…
Party preferences in the digital age: The impact of voting advice applications
Election campaigns in modern democracies are increasingly affected by the rise of Internet-based information and communication technologies. Here, one of the most significant developments concerns the rapidly spreading ‘voting advice applications’ (VAAs). VAAs help online users to find their parties by matching a series of party positions with the positions taken up by the users themselves. This article analyses whether such tailor-made campaign …
Party adaptation and change and the crisis of democracy
This article is the introduction to a special issue of articles written in honour of Peter Mair. The general theme of the issue is party adaptation and change, which is traced here through an analysis of contributions by Peter Mair as an individual author or with co-authors. The result is an assessment of the current state of the art of what can be cumulatively considered Peter Mair's theory of party adaptation and of the debate it has generated …
A look into the mirror: Preferences, representation and electoral participation
Explaining Citizens’ Evaluations of Democracy
This chapter is dedicated to the explanation of citizens' evaluations of democracy. Parting from the rather well-developed literature on satisfaction with democracy, we find confirmation of the traditional explanations in this literature, with, however, important nuances across the three dimensions central to the contributions in this volume: liberal democracy, social justice, and direct democracy. We further expand this initial analysis by focus…
Systèmes d’Aide au Vote et comportement politique: Tour d’horizon
Les Systèmes d’Aide au Vote (SAV) ont longtemps été considérés comme un intéressant épiphénomène. C’est seulement au cours de ces dernières années que politologues et sociologues ont commencé à étudier les SAV et leurs effets potentiels sur les utilisateurs d’un point de vue aussi bien empirique que normatif. L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les principales conclusions issues des études existantes et d’établir un agenda de rech…
The diffusion of internet voting. Usage patterns of internet voting in Estonia between 2005 and 2015
E-voting has the potential to lower participation thresholds and increase turnout, but its technical complexity may produce other barriers to participation. Using Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations, we examined how the use of e-voting has changed over time. Data from eight e-enabled elections between 2005 and 2015 in Estonia, were used to investigate changes to the profile of e-voters and contrast them to those voting by conventional …
Europe’s voting space and the problem of second-order elections: A transnational proposal
This article offers an empirically driven critical consideration of the idea of transnationalising Europe’s voting space, which would mean allowing European citizens to vote for a party from any member state at the European Parliament elections. We argue that such a move would reduce the second-order problem in European elections, as it would force political parties to move away from campaigning solely on national issues. We also claim that it wo…
Voting Advice Applications and Electoral Participation: A Multi-Method Study
First published online: 15 February 2017
Party placement in supranational elections: An introduction to the euandi 2014 dataset
Throughout the years, political scientists have devised a multitude of techniques to position political parties on various ideological and policy/issue dimensions. So far, however, none of these techniques was able to evolve into a “gold standard” in party positioning. Against this background, one could recently witness the appearance of a new methodology for party positioning tightly connected to the spread of Voting Advice Applications (VAAs), …
Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy theories are a part of the human condition. Everyone believes at least one, but given the number of conspiracy theories, it is more likely that everyone believes a few. Some people have a worldview defined by them. Conspiracy theories are just another reminder that people disagree about many things, including truth. These disagreements have always existed and always will. We have to live with conspiracy theories and with the people who…
The Impact of Personalized Information on Vote Intention: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Voting advice applications (VAAs) are voter information tools that millions of individuals have used in recent elections throughout the world. However, little is known about how they affect political behavior. Until now, observational studies of VAA have produced inconclusive results. Here we present the results from a randomized field experiment in Switzerland that estimates the causal effects of VAA use on voters’ vote intentions. Our results s…
The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion
Electoral persuasion rests at the center of the democratic process. Politicians, parties, interest groups, members of the media, and citizens themselves are constantly communicating with one another about electorally relevant topics. These communications will ultimately influence—although not always in predictable ways—voters’ choices and, therefore, election outcomes and the direction of government. Scholarship on this important topic has explod…
Mapping Parties’ Positions on Foreign and Security Issues in the EU, 2009–2014
This article offers a comparative analysis of parties’ position on foreign and security issues in the EU28 across the EP elections of 2009 and 2014. First, we map the position of the parties on selected foreign policy and security issues in both 2009 and 2014. Second, we measure the extent to which party positions on such issues remained stable across these five years. Third, we offer an explanatory analysis of the competing factors potentially a…
Political science (27 works) · Law (25 works) · Politics (25 works) · Law (20 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (19 works) · Voting (17 works) · Democracy (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Economics (12 works)