Richard P Eibach
Biographic Data
| ID | 103373 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard P Eibach |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard P |
| FAMILY NAME | Eibach |
| SIGNATURE | EIBACH R P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Waterloo |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6446-9321 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 797 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
The Reasonable, the Rational, and the Good: On Folk Theories of Deliberative Judgment
Judgment is often described in terms of an intuitive (System 1) versus deliberative (System 2) dichotomy, yet sound deliberation itself can take more than one form. Building on philosophical traditions and distinctions in treatment of sound judgment in economics and law, we propose that lay conceptions revolve around two distinct types of deliberate judgment: rational, emphasizing rule-based and utility-focused reasoning for well-defined problems…
Closets breed suspicion: Environments that stigmatize concealable identities cast doubt on claims to non-stigmatized identities
Picturing Your Life: The Role of Imagery Perspective in Personal Photos
When photographing moments in their lives, people can use a first-person (capturing the scene as they saw it) or third-person (capturing the scene with themselves in it) perspective. Past research suggests third-person (vs. first-person) images better depict the meaning (vs. physical experience) of events. The current work suggests the use and impact of perspective in personal photography follow this representational function. Across six studies …
Reasonable bounds on rationality
Does the future look bright? Processing style determines the impact of valence weighting biases and self-beliefs on expectations
People regularly form expectations about their future, and whether those expectations are positive or negative can have important consequences. So, what determines the valence of people's expectations? Research seeking to answer this question by using an individual-differences approach has established that trait biases in optimistic/pessimistic self-beliefs and, more recently, trait biases in behavioral tendencies to weight one's past positive ve…
The Effects of Subjective Age and Aging Attitudes on Mid- to Late-Life Sexuality
This study examined the effects of subjective age and attitudes about aging on frequency of sex and interest in sexual activity among middle-aged and older adults. Data were drawn from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (n = 1,170 adults, mean age Time 1 = 53.70 years, SD = 9.08). Regression analyses were used to investigate the effects of subjective age and attitudes about aging on three measures of sexuality: frequency …
One Nation Under God: The System‐Justifying Function of Symbolically Aligning God and Government
Do references to God in political discourse increase confidence in the U.S. sociopolitical system? Using a system justification framework (Jost & Banaji,), five studies provide evidence that, (1) increasingly governments symbolically associate the nation with God when public confidence in the social system may be threatened and (2) associating the nation with God serves a system‐justifying function by increasing public confidence in the system. I…
Culture, Fixed-World Beliefs, Relationships, and Perceptions of Identity Change
Personal identity continuity has been a focus of much philosophical inquiry, yet lay perceptions of identity continuity and their psychological bases are not well understood. We hypothesize that cultural differences in lay beliefs about the fixedness of the world promote different intuitions about identity continuity: People from a society with rigid social systems should perceive more identity discontinuity when a person’s social relationships (…
Who can't take a compliment? The role of construal level and self-esteem in accepting positive feedback from close others
Haters are all the same: Perceptions of group homogeneity following positive vs. negative feedback
Framing memories of relationship transgressions: How visual imagery perspective activates relational knowledge
How people interpret the meaning of minor relationship transgressions can impact broader relationship well-being. It is proposed that picturing relationship transgressions from a third-person (vs. first-person) visual perspective prompts people to think of them in the context of their chronic relationship beliefs and goals. In doing so, individuals who are relatively anxious about their relationships become more insecure, whereas less anxious ind…
Seeking structure in social organization: Compensatory control and the psychological advantages of hierarchy
Hierarchies are a ubiquitous form of human social organization. We hypothesized that 1 reason for the prevalence of hierarchies is that they offer structure and therefore satisfy the core motivational needs for order and control relative to less structured forms of social organization. This hypothesis is rooted in compensatory control theory, which posits that (a) individuals have a basic need to perceive the world as orderly and structured, and …
Compensatory Control and Its Implications for Ideological Extremism
This article outlines and reviews evidence for a model of compensatory control designed to account for the motivated belief in personal and external sources of control. In doing so, we attempt to shed light on the content and strength of ideologies, including extreme libertarian, nationalist, socialist, and religious fundamentalist ideologies. We suggest that although these ideologies differ in their content they commonly function to provide peop…
A test of the flexible ideology hypothesis: System justification motives interact with ideological cueing to predict political judgments
Internalizing the closet: Concealment heightens the cognitive distinction between public and private selves
The present studies are the first in which social psychological methods were used to test the popular claim that the experience of concealing a stigmatized social identity leads to a "divided self." For people with concealable stigmas, concealment in public settings makes the public-private dimension of self-expression particularly salient, leading them to organize self-relevant information along this dimension. The result is a strengthened cogni…
System justifying functions of myths that exaggerate the emotional rewards of parenthood
Stability and Change in Sexual Orientation Identity Over a 10-Year Period in Adulthood
Idealizing Parenthood Functions to Justify Policy Neglect of Parents’ Economic Burdens
Despite the fact that raising children contributes to the public good, parents receive little government assistance with their childrearing expenses. We suggest that people believe parents deserve little public assistance in part because they accept common myths that idealize the emotional rewards of parenthood. We review research demonstrating that parents accept these parenthood idealizing myths to alleviate dissonance about their costly invest…
Heritage- and ideology-based national identities and their implications for immigrant citizen relations in the United States and in Germany
Looking back with regret: Visual perspective in memory images differentially affects regret for actions and inactions
Eyes on the prize: The longitudinal benefits of goal focus on progress toward a weight loss goal
How Exposure to the Confederate Flag Affects Willingness to Vote for Barack Obama
Leading up to the 2008 U.S. election, pundits wondered whether Whites, particularly in Southern states, were ready to vote for a Black president. The present paper explores how a common Southern symbol—the Confederate flag—impacted willingness to vote for Barack Obama. We predicted that exposure to the Confederate flag would activate negativity toward Blacks and result in lowered willingness to vote for Obama. As predicted, participants primed wi…
Seeing failure in your life: Imagery perspective determines whether self-esteem shapes reactions to recalled and imagined failure
The present research reveals that when it comes to recalling and imagining failure in one's life, changing how one looks at the event can change its impact on well-being; however, the nature of the effect depends on an aspect of one's self-concept, namely, self-esteem. Five studies measured or manipulated the visual perspective (internal first-person vs. external third-person) individuals used to mentally image recalled or imagined personal failu…
Reference Points in Men’s and Women’s Judgments of Progress Toward Gender Equality
The vigilant parent: Parental role salience affects parents' risk perceptions, risk-aversion, and trust in strangers
Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities
Stability and Change in Sexual Orientation Identity Over a 10-Year Period in Adulthood
Seeking structure in social organization: Compensatory control and the psychological advantages of hierarchy
Hierarchies are a ubiquitous form of human social organization. We hypothesized that 1 reason for the prevalence of hierarchies is that they offer structure and therefore satisfy the core motivational needs for order and control relative to less structured forms of social organization. This hypothesis is rooted in compensatory control theory, which posits that (a) individuals have a basic need to perceive the world as orderly and structured, and …
How Exposure to the Confederate Flag Affects Willingness to Vote for Barack Obama
Leading up to the 2008 U.S. election, pundits wondered whether Whites, particularly in Southern states, were ready to vote for a Black president. The present paper explores how a common Southern symbol—the Confederate flag—impacted willingness to vote for Barack Obama. We predicted that exposure to the Confederate flag would activate negativity toward Blacks and result in lowered willingness to vote for Obama. As predicted, participants primed wi…
Free at last? Social dominance, loss aversion, and white and black Americans' differing assessments of racial progress
White Americans tend to believe that there has been greater progress toward racial equality than do Black Americans. The authors explain this difference by combining insights from prospect theory and social dominance theory. According to prospect theory, changes seem greater when framed as losses rather than gains. Social dominance theory predicts that White Americans tend to view increases in equality as losses, whereas Black Americans view them…
Compensatory Control and Its Implications for Ideological Extremism
This article outlines and reviews evidence for a model of compensatory control designed to account for the motivated belief in personal and external sources of control. In doing so, we attempt to shed light on the content and strength of ideologies, including extreme libertarian, nationalist, socialist, and religious fundamentalist ideologies. We suggest that although these ideologies differ in their content they commonly function to provide peop…
Internalizing the closet: Concealment heightens the cognitive distinction between public and private selves
The present studies are the first in which social psychological methods were used to test the popular claim that the experience of concealing a stigmatized social identity leads to a "divided self." For people with concealable stigmas, concealment in public settings makes the public-private dimension of self-expression particularly salient, leading them to organize self-relevant information along this dimension. The result is a strengthened cogni…
Here's Looking at Me: The Effect of Memory Perspective on Assessments of Personal Change
Five studies manipulated the memory perspective (1st-person vs. 3rd-person) individuals used to visually recall autobiographical events and examined its effects on assessments of personal change. Psychotherapy clients recalled their first treatment (Study 1), and undergraduates recalled past social awkwardness (Study 2). Participants who were induced to recall from the 3rd-person perspective believed, and acted as though (Study 2), they had chang…
Having a “senior moment”: Induced aging phenomenology, subjective age, and susceptibility to ageist stereotypes
The vigilant parent: Parental role salience affects parents' risk perceptions, risk-aversion, and trust in strangers
Looking back in time: Self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory
People who change often report that their old selves seem like "different people." Correlational (Study 1) and experimental (Studies 2 and 3) studies showed that participants tended to use a 3rd-person observer perspective when visualizing memories of actions that conflicted with their current self-concept. A similar pattern emerged when participants imagined performing actions that varied in self-concept compatibility (Study 4). The authors conc…
How to keep on keeping on: Framing civil rights accomplishments to bolster support for egalitarian policies
The Effects of Subjective Age and Aging Attitudes on Mid- to Late-Life Sexuality
This study examined the effects of subjective age and attitudes about aging on frequency of sex and interest in sexual activity among middle-aged and older adults. Data were drawn from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (n = 1,170 adults, mean age Time 1 = 53.70 years, SD = 9.08). Regression analyses were used to investigate the effects of subjective age and attitudes about aging on three measures of sexuality: frequency …
Heritage- and ideology-based national identities and their implications for immigrant citizen relations in the United States and in Germany
Who can't take a compliment? The role of construal level and self-esteem in accepting positive feedback from close others
Priming family values: How being a parent affects moral evaluations of harmless but offensive acts
When change in the self is mistaken for change in the world
The authors examined whether and when changes in the self lead to mistaken assessments that the world has changed. Survey data revealed that: personal changes in respondents (e.g., parenthood, financial change) were positively correlated with their assessments of various social changes (e.g., crime rates, freedom). Experimental data provided converging evidence. Experimentally induced change in knowledge influenced participants' perceptions of ch…
Seeing failure in your life: Imagery perspective determines whether self-esteem shapes reactions to recalled and imagined failure
The present research reveals that when it comes to recalling and imagining failure in one's life, changing how one looks at the event can change its impact on well-being; however, the nature of the effect depends on an aspect of one's self-concept, namely, self-esteem. Five studies measured or manipulated the visual perspective (internal first-person vs. external third-person) individuals used to mentally image recalled or imagined personal failu…
Reference Points in Men’s and Women’s Judgments of Progress Toward Gender Equality
Change We Can Believe In: Barack Obama's Framing Strategies for Bridging Racial Divisions
Barack Obama's election as the first Black president of the United States has stimulated much discussion about progress toward racial equality in the United States. Opinion surveys document that White Americans reliably perceive the rate of progress toward racial equality as greater than do Black Americans. We focus on two psychological factors that contribute to these diverging perceptions: (1) the tendency of White Americans and Black Americans…
Framing memories of relationship transgressions: How visual imagery perspective activates relational knowledge
How people interpret the meaning of minor relationship transgressions can impact broader relationship well-being. It is proposed that picturing relationship transgressions from a third-person (vs. first-person) visual perspective prompts people to think of them in the context of their chronic relationship beliefs and goals. In doing so, individuals who are relatively anxious about their relationships become more insecure, whereas less anxious ind…
One Nation Under God: The System‐Justifying Function of Symbolically Aligning God and Government
Do references to God in political discourse increase confidence in the U.S. sociopolitical system? Using a system justification framework (Jost & Banaji,), five studies provide evidence that, (1) increasingly governments symbolically associate the nation with God when public confidence in the social system may be threatened and (2) associating the nation with God serves a system‐justifying function by increasing public confidence in the system. I…
A test of the flexible ideology hypothesis: System justification motives interact with ideological cueing to predict political judgments
System justifying functions of myths that exaggerate the emotional rewards of parenthood
Looking back with regret: Visual perspective in memory images differentially affects regret for actions and inactions
Looking back in time: Self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory
People who change often report that their old selves seem like "different people." Correlational (Study 1) and experimental (Studies 2 and 3) studies showed that participants tended to use a 3rd-person observer perspective when visualizing memories of actions that conflicted with their current self-concept. A similar pattern emerged when participants imagined performing actions that varied in self-concept compatibility (Study 4). The authors conc…
When change in the self is mistaken for change in the world
The authors examined whether and when changes in the self lead to mistaken assessments that the world has changed. Survey data revealed that: personal changes in respondents (e.g., parenthood, financial change) were positively correlated with their assessments of various social changes (e.g., crime rates, freedom). Experimental data provided converging evidence. Experimentally induced change in knowledge influenced participants' perceptions of ch…
Here's Looking at Me: The Effect of Memory Perspective on Assessments of Personal Change
Five studies manipulated the memory perspective (1st-person vs. 3rd-person) individuals used to visually recall autobiographical events and examined its effects on assessments of personal change. Psychotherapy clients recalled their first treatment (Study 1), and undergraduates recalled past social awkwardness (Study 2). Participants who were induced to recall from the 3rd-person perspective believed, and acted as though (Study 2), they had chang…
“Keep Your Eyes on the Prize”: Reference Points and Racial Differences in Assessing Progress Toward Equality
White Americans tend to perceive greater progress toward racial equality than do ethnic minorities. Correlational evidence (Study 1) and two experimental manipulations of framing (Studies 2 and 3) supported the hypothesis that this perception gap is associated with different reference points the two groups spontaneously use to assess progress, with Whites anchoring on comparisons with the past and ethnic minorities anchoring on ideal standards. C…
Free at last? Social dominance, loss aversion, and white and black Americans' differing assessments of racial progress
White Americans tend to believe that there has been greater progress toward racial equality than do Black Americans. The authors explain this difference by combining insights from prospect theory and social dominance theory. According to prospect theory, changes seem greater when framed as losses rather than gains. Social dominance theory predicts that White Americans tend to view increases in equality as losses, whereas Black Americans view them…
Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities
Priming family values: How being a parent affects moral evaluations of harmless but offensive acts
Change We Can Believe In: Barack Obama's Framing Strategies for Bridging Racial Divisions
Barack Obama's election as the first Black president of the United States has stimulated much discussion about progress toward racial equality in the United States. Opinion surveys document that White Americans reliably perceive the rate of progress toward racial equality as greater than do Black Americans. We focus on two psychological factors that contribute to these diverging perceptions: (1) the tendency of White Americans and Black Americans…
Reference Points in Men’s and Women’s Judgments of Progress Toward Gender Equality
The vigilant parent: Parental role salience affects parents' risk perceptions, risk-aversion, and trust in strangers
Having a “senior moment”: Induced aging phenomenology, subjective age, and susceptibility to ageist stereotypes
How to keep on keeping on: Framing civil rights accomplishments to bolster support for egalitarian policies
Idealizing Parenthood Functions to Justify Policy Neglect of Parents’ Economic Burdens
Despite the fact that raising children contributes to the public good, parents receive little government assistance with their childrearing expenses. We suggest that people believe parents deserve little public assistance in part because they accept common myths that idealize the emotional rewards of parenthood. We review research demonstrating that parents accept these parenthood idealizing myths to alleviate dissonance about their costly invest…
Heritage- and ideology-based national identities and their implications for immigrant citizen relations in the United States and in Germany
Looking back with regret: Visual perspective in memory images differentially affects regret for actions and inactions
Eyes on the prize: The longitudinal benefits of goal focus on progress toward a weight loss goal
How Exposure to the Confederate Flag Affects Willingness to Vote for Barack Obama
Leading up to the 2008 U.S. election, pundits wondered whether Whites, particularly in Southern states, were ready to vote for a Black president. The present paper explores how a common Southern symbol—the Confederate flag—impacted willingness to vote for Barack Obama. We predicted that exposure to the Confederate flag would activate negativity toward Blacks and result in lowered willingness to vote for Obama. As predicted, participants primed wi…
Seeing failure in your life: Imagery perspective determines whether self-esteem shapes reactions to recalled and imagined failure
The present research reveals that when it comes to recalling and imagining failure in one's life, changing how one looks at the event can change its impact on well-being; however, the nature of the effect depends on an aspect of one's self-concept, namely, self-esteem. Five studies measured or manipulated the visual perspective (internal first-person vs. external third-person) individuals used to mentally image recalled or imagined personal failu…
System justifying functions of myths that exaggerate the emotional rewards of parenthood
Stability and Change in Sexual Orientation Identity Over a 10-Year Period in Adulthood
Compensatory Control and Its Implications for Ideological Extremism
This article outlines and reviews evidence for a model of compensatory control designed to account for the motivated belief in personal and external sources of control. In doing so, we attempt to shed light on the content and strength of ideologies, including extreme libertarian, nationalist, socialist, and religious fundamentalist ideologies. We suggest that although these ideologies differ in their content they commonly function to provide peop…
A test of the flexible ideology hypothesis: System justification motives interact with ideological cueing to predict political judgments
Internalizing the closet: Concealment heightens the cognitive distinction between public and private selves
The present studies are the first in which social psychological methods were used to test the popular claim that the experience of concealing a stigmatized social identity leads to a "divided self." For people with concealable stigmas, concealment in public settings makes the public-private dimension of self-expression particularly salient, leading them to organize self-relevant information along this dimension. The result is a strengthened cogni…
Seeking structure in social organization: Compensatory control and the psychological advantages of hierarchy
Hierarchies are a ubiquitous form of human social organization. We hypothesized that 1 reason for the prevalence of hierarchies is that they offer structure and therefore satisfy the core motivational needs for order and control relative to less structured forms of social organization. This hypothesis is rooted in compensatory control theory, which posits that (a) individuals have a basic need to perceive the world as orderly and structured, and …
Framing memories of relationship transgressions: How visual imagery perspective activates relational knowledge
How people interpret the meaning of minor relationship transgressions can impact broader relationship well-being. It is proposed that picturing relationship transgressions from a third-person (vs. first-person) visual perspective prompts people to think of them in the context of their chronic relationship beliefs and goals. In doing so, individuals who are relatively anxious about their relationships become more insecure, whereas less anxious ind…
Psychology (33 works) · Social Psychology (33 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (17 works) · Political science (13 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (11 works) · Developmental psychology (10 works) · Perception (9 works) · Politics (9 works) · Sociology (8 works)