J Craig Phillips
Biographic Data
| ID | 103867 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J Craig Phillips |
| GIVEN NAMES | J Craig |
| FAMILY NAME | Phillips |
| SIGNATURE | PHILLIPS J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Ottawa |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6697-0515 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 27 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Mental Health and ART Adherence in a Multisite International Study
ART adherence, essential to preventing disease progression for people living with HIV (PLHIV), remains challenged by factors like poor mental health condition, insufficient social support, and substance use. This study investigates the roles of social support and substance use as mediators in the relationship between mental health and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among PLHIV in a multisite, international context. Cross-sectional data fr…
Qualitative Study of Men’s Experiences of Becoming a Father for the First-Time in Pakistan
There is a knowledge gap about fathers’ experiences during the perinatal period globally. Limited literature addresses experiences of first-time fathers during the perinatal period in the sociocultural context of Pakistan. This is the first study to explore the experiences of first-time fathers during the perinatal period in Pakistan and seeks to clarify those experiences from the father’s perspectives. Critical realism (CR) philosophy was integr…
First-Time Father’s Risk Factors of Paternal Perinatal Psychological Distress
Fathers can experience psychological distress during the paternal perinatal period. The effects of paternal perinatal psychological distress (PPPD) are multileveled. Little research is available about PPPD in first-time fathers. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature on risk factors contributing to PPPD in first-time fathers. The Arksey & O’Malley framework was used to guide this scoping review. The Population, Concept, and Conte…
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life, Anxiety, Connections to Friends, and Access to Resources Among People with HIV
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mitigation efforts on health and social outcomes for people with HIV at the individual, social, and structural levels of the Social Ecological Model. The International Nursing Network for HIV collected data for a cross-sectional survey of people with HIV in Botswana, Canada, Colombia, Hong Kong, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Thailand, an…
Global Measures of HIV Care Accessibility Across Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas
Despite advances in HIV treatment, disparities in healthcare access remain across low-income (LIC), middle-income (MIC), and high-income (HIC) countries, limiting access to clinical care, antiretroviral therapy, and viral load testing. This study developed the HIV Care Access Index (HIV-CAI) to measure and compare HIV care service access across countries and within geographic regions and examined associations with economic and health indicators. …
Translating Open-Ended Questions in Cross-Cultural Qualitative Research
INTRODUCTION: Globalization has increased the importance of multicultural research to address health disparities and improve healthcare outcomes for underrepresented communities. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research (The Network) serves as a platform for researchers to collaborate on cross-cultural and cross-national HIV studies. This article discusses the Network's approach to overcoming barriers in multicultural and multinational …
Impact of Body Mass Index and VO2 Max on Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in a Multinational Sample of People with HIV
People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for metabolic disorders affecting body mass index (BMI), chronic symptoms, and impaired physical function and capacity. Although physical activity improves health and well-being, PWH often do not meet activity recommendations necessary to achieve these benefits. Despite the known impact of symptoms, physical activity, and physical function on health, little is known about the relationships and interacti…
The Relationship Between Critical Social Theory and Interpretive Description in Nursing Research
This paper is an examination of the methodological and theoretical perspectives of a study with an inquiry focus on the experiences and perspectives of staff who worked at an injectable opiate assisted (iOAT) clinic. Twenty-two staff members, including nurses, social workers, and peer support workers, were interviewed. The goal of the study was to uncover how the clinic staff provided care to the clients who attend the clinic, their perspectives …
Working status and seasonal meteorological conditions predict physical activity levels in people living with HIV
447) from six cities in the United States and matched their activity data with abstracted local meteorological data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather reports. Participants were purposively recruited in 3-month blocks, from December 2015 to October 2017, to reflect physical activity engagement across the seasons. We calculated total physical activity (minutes/week) based on 7-day physical activity recall. Mild cor…
Photo elicitation to explore health and social exclusion with rooming house residents in Ottawa, Canada
Violence and Health Promotion Among First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Women
Indigenous women experience a disproportionate burden of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to other women in post-colonial countries such as Canada. Intersections between IPV and other forms of structural violence including racism and gender-based discrimination create a dangerous milieu where ‘help seeking’ may be deterred and poor health outcomes occur. The aim of this review was to explore the perspectives of First Nations, Métis and In…
Social media use as a predictor of higher body mass index in persons living with HIV
Social media tools have been touted as an approach to bring more democratic communication to health care. We conducted a multi-site cross-sectional study among persons living with HIV (PLWH) to desrcibe technology use among PLWH in the US and the association between social media use and body-mass index (BMI). Our primary predictor variable was social media use. Our primary outcome was BMI measured through height and weight. Descriptive statistics…
Determinants of infant feeding practices among Black mothers living with HIV
While cultural beliefs and perceived stress favoured MF over EFF, advice of healthcare workers, and the care received from a nurse/midwife improved EFF over MF. Also while the mothers' perceived stress favoured MF over EBF, advice of their nurses or midwife and the social support improved EBF over MF. The providers advice was congruent with WHO and national guidelines for infant feeding among mothers living with HIV. These results have implicatio…
Feasibility, acceptability, concerns, and challenges of implementing supervised injection services at a specialty HIV hospital in Toronto, Canada
Our data showed widespread support of, and need for, hospital-based SIS among client stakeholders; however, attempts to reduce negative impacts on non-drug using clients need to be considered in the balance of implementation plans. Given the increased risks of morbidity and mortality for PLHIV who inject drugs as well as the problems in retaining them in care in a hospital setting, SIS is a key component of improving care for this marginalized gr…
Determinants of Adherence to National Infant Feeding Guidelines by Black Mothers Living with HIV
City-level factors were not found to influence adherence to infant feeding guidelines; however, socio-cultural and psychosocial factors at community, family and individual levels were significant. Policy formulation and targeted interventions must be cognizant of cultural expectations of motherhood and mindful of psychosocial determinants of adherence to infant feeding guidelines
Motherhood among Black women living with HIV
We compared factors mediating motherhood experiences among Black nursing mothers living with HIV in two North American cities to one African city. Motherhood was measured with the Being a Mother Scale, and we compared their predictors between the two continents using difference in difference estimation within hierarchical linear modeling. Cultural beliefs congruent with infant feeding guidelines and social support had significant positive but dif…
What are the self‐reported unmet dental treatment needs of people living with HIV in British Columbia? A case of minority subpopulation in Canada
Several predisposing, enabling and need factors from the A&N model were associated with self-reported oral health status and unmet dental treatment needs of PLHIV. Results from this study highlight the needs of improving access to affordable dental care to address the unmet oral health needs of PLHIV
HIV-Related Stigma Among Black Mothers in Two North American and One African Cities
Dental care utilization
Several predisposing, enabling, and need factors from the A&N model were associated with dental service utilization by PLHIV. In addition to various psychosocial barriers, a significant number of respondents reported experiencing stigma and discrimination from their oral care providers
Teaching HIV-specific content for pre-licensure nursing and health professions students
Persistent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates remain a challenge, particularly because health care providers (HCP) are not fully prepared to engage in HIV care. This hesitancy to engage creates access to care barriers for people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a systematic review to identify educational interventions focused on developing HIV competencies in higher education across health science disciplines. We searched dat…
Personas to Guide Understanding Traditions of Gay Men Living With HIV Who Smoke
Gay men living with HIV (GMLWH) who smoke are less responsive to generalized smoking reduction and cessation (SRC) programs than heterosexual persons. This study explored perspectives of GMLWH during the design of a web-based SRC intervention. Participatory design techniques were used to guide the creation of personas that are composite representations of a person who would use the web-based SRC intervention. Researcher-participants ( n = 13) cre…
Depressive symptoms, self-esteem, HIV symptom management self-efficacy and self-compassion in people living with HIV
The aims of this study were to examine differences in self-schemas between persons living with HIV/AIDS with and without depressive symptoms, and the degree to which these self-schemas predict depressive symptoms in this population. Self-schemas are beliefs about oneself and include self-esteem, HIV symptom management self-efficacy, and self-compassion. Beck's cognitive theory of depression guided the analysis of data from a sample of 1766 PLHIV …
Use of a brief version of the self-compassion inventory with an international sample of people with HIV/Aids
The objective of this study was to extend the psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). A secondary analysis of data from an international sample of 1967 English-speaking persons living with HIV disease was used to examine the factor structure, and reliability of the 12-item Brief Version Self-Compassion Inventory (BVSCI). A Maximum Likelihood factor analysis and Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization confirmed a t…
Mediators of antiretroviral adherence
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stressful life events (SLE) on medication adherence (3 days, 30 days) as mediated by sense of coherence (SOC), self-compassion (SCS), and engagement with the healthcare provider (eHCP) and whether this differed by international site. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 2082 HIV positive adults between September 2009 and January 2011 from sites in Canada, China, Namibia, P…
Associations between the legal context of HIV, perceived social capital, and HIV antiretroviral adherence in North America
Treatment approaches offer clear advantages in controlling HIV and reducing HIV transmission at the population level. These advantages, however, will have limited benefit for adherence to treatments without also addressing the social and structural challenges that allow HIV to continue to spread among society's most vulnerable populations
The Process of Safer Crack Use Among Women in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside
In this article we discuss the findings from a grounded theory study in which we explored how women residing in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES) minimized some of the physical, psychological, and interpersonal harms associated with crack cocaine use, and identify the social, economic, and political factors that influence safer use. Data were collected over a 3-month period and involved group interviews with 27 women at an agency run by drug u…
Photo elicitation to explore health and social exclusion with rooming house residents in Ottawa, Canada
Personas to Guide Understanding Traditions of Gay Men Living With HIV Who Smoke
Gay men living with HIV (GMLWH) who smoke are less responsive to generalized smoking reduction and cessation (SRC) programs than heterosexual persons. This study explored perspectives of GMLWH during the design of a web-based SRC intervention. Participatory design techniques were used to guide the creation of personas that are composite representations of a person who would use the web-based SRC intervention. Researcher-participants ( n = 13) cre…
A cross-sectional description of social capital in an international sample of persons living with HIV/Aids (PLWH)
This is the first report to describe levels of total social capital in an international sample of PLWH and to describe its relationship to self-reported health in this population
Use of a brief version of the self-compassion inventory with an international sample of people with HIV/Aids
The objective of this study was to extend the psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). A secondary analysis of data from an international sample of 1967 English-speaking persons living with HIV disease was used to examine the factor structure, and reliability of the 12-item Brief Version Self-Compassion Inventory (BVSCI). A Maximum Likelihood factor analysis and Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization confirmed a t…
Mediators of antiretroviral adherence
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stressful life events (SLE) on medication adherence (3 days, 30 days) as mediated by sense of coherence (SOC), self-compassion (SCS), and engagement with the healthcare provider (eHCP) and whether this differed by international site. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 2082 HIV positive adults between September 2009 and January 2011 from sites in Canada, China, Namibia, P…
Associations between the legal context of HIV, perceived social capital, and HIV antiretroviral adherence in North America
Treatment approaches offer clear advantages in controlling HIV and reducing HIV transmission at the population level. These advantages, however, will have limited benefit for adherence to treatments without also addressing the social and structural challenges that allow HIV to continue to spread among society's most vulnerable populations
The Process of Safer Crack Use Among Women in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside
In this article we discuss the findings from a grounded theory study in which we explored how women residing in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES) minimized some of the physical, psychological, and interpersonal harms associated with crack cocaine use, and identify the social, economic, and political factors that influence safer use. Data were collected over a 3-month period and involved group interviews with 27 women at an agency run by drug u…
Depressive symptoms, self-esteem, HIV symptom management self-efficacy and self-compassion in people living with HIV
The aims of this study were to examine differences in self-schemas between persons living with HIV/AIDS with and without depressive symptoms, and the degree to which these self-schemas predict depressive symptoms in this population. Self-schemas are beliefs about oneself and include self-esteem, HIV symptom management self-efficacy, and self-compassion. Beck's cognitive theory of depression guided the analysis of data from a sample of 1766 PLHIV …
Personas to Guide Understanding Traditions of Gay Men Living With HIV Who Smoke
Gay men living with HIV (GMLWH) who smoke are less responsive to generalized smoking reduction and cessation (SRC) programs than heterosexual persons. This study explored perspectives of GMLWH during the design of a web-based SRC intervention. Participatory design techniques were used to guide the creation of personas that are composite representations of a person who would use the web-based SRC intervention. Researcher-participants ( n = 13) cre…
Teaching HIV-specific content for pre-licensure nursing and health professions students
Persistent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates remain a challenge, particularly because health care providers (HCP) are not fully prepared to engage in HIV care. This hesitancy to engage creates access to care barriers for people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a systematic review to identify educational interventions focused on developing HIV competencies in higher education across health science disciplines. We searched dat…
Dental care utilization
Several predisposing, enabling, and need factors from the A&N model were associated with dental service utilization by PLHIV. In addition to various psychosocial barriers, a significant number of respondents reported experiencing stigma and discrimination from their oral care providers
What are the self‐reported unmet dental treatment needs of people living with HIV in British Columbia? A case of minority subpopulation in Canada
Several predisposing, enabling and need factors from the A&N model were associated with self-reported oral health status and unmet dental treatment needs of PLHIV. Results from this study highlight the needs of improving access to affordable dental care to address the unmet oral health needs of PLHIV
HIV-Related Stigma Among Black Mothers in Two North American and One African Cities
Violence and Health Promotion Among First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Women
Indigenous women experience a disproportionate burden of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to other women in post-colonial countries such as Canada. Intersections between IPV and other forms of structural violence including racism and gender-based discrimination create a dangerous milieu where ‘help seeking’ may be deterred and poor health outcomes occur. The aim of this review was to explore the perspectives of First Nations, Métis and In…
Social media use as a predictor of higher body mass index in persons living with HIV
Social media tools have been touted as an approach to bring more democratic communication to health care. We conducted a multi-site cross-sectional study among persons living with HIV (PLWH) to desrcibe technology use among PLWH in the US and the association between social media use and body-mass index (BMI). Our primary predictor variable was social media use. Our primary outcome was BMI measured through height and weight. Descriptive statistics…
Determinants of infant feeding practices among Black mothers living with HIV
While cultural beliefs and perceived stress favoured MF over EFF, advice of healthcare workers, and the care received from a nurse/midwife improved EFF over MF. Also while the mothers' perceived stress favoured MF over EBF, advice of their nurses or midwife and the social support improved EBF over MF. The providers advice was congruent with WHO and national guidelines for infant feeding among mothers living with HIV. These results have implicatio…
Feasibility, acceptability, concerns, and challenges of implementing supervised injection services at a specialty HIV hospital in Toronto, Canada
Our data showed widespread support of, and need for, hospital-based SIS among client stakeholders; however, attempts to reduce negative impacts on non-drug using clients need to be considered in the balance of implementation plans. Given the increased risks of morbidity and mortality for PLHIV who inject drugs as well as the problems in retaining them in care in a hospital setting, SIS is a key component of improving care for this marginalized gr…
Determinants of Adherence to National Infant Feeding Guidelines by Black Mothers Living with HIV
City-level factors were not found to influence adherence to infant feeding guidelines; however, socio-cultural and psychosocial factors at community, family and individual levels were significant. Policy formulation and targeted interventions must be cognizant of cultural expectations of motherhood and mindful of psychosocial determinants of adherence to infant feeding guidelines
Motherhood among Black women living with HIV
We compared factors mediating motherhood experiences among Black nursing mothers living with HIV in two North American cities to one African city. Motherhood was measured with the Being a Mother Scale, and we compared their predictors between the two continents using difference in difference estimation within hierarchical linear modeling. Cultural beliefs congruent with infant feeding guidelines and social support had significant positive but dif…
Working status and seasonal meteorological conditions predict physical activity levels in people living with HIV
447) from six cities in the United States and matched their activity data with abstracted local meteorological data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather reports. Participants were purposively recruited in 3-month blocks, from December 2015 to October 2017, to reflect physical activity engagement across the seasons. We calculated total physical activity (minutes/week) based on 7-day physical activity recall. Mild cor…
Photo elicitation to explore health and social exclusion with rooming house residents in Ottawa, Canada
The Relationship Between Critical Social Theory and Interpretive Description in Nursing Research
This paper is an examination of the methodological and theoretical perspectives of a study with an inquiry focus on the experiences and perspectives of staff who worked at an injectable opiate assisted (iOAT) clinic. Twenty-two staff members, including nurses, social workers, and peer support workers, were interviewed. The goal of the study was to uncover how the clinic staff provided care to the clients who attend the clinic, their perspectives …
Translating Open-Ended Questions in Cross-Cultural Qualitative Research
INTRODUCTION: Globalization has increased the importance of multicultural research to address health disparities and improve healthcare outcomes for underrepresented communities. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research (The Network) serves as a platform for researchers to collaborate on cross-cultural and cross-national HIV studies. This article discusses the Network's approach to overcoming barriers in multicultural and multinational …
Impact of Body Mass Index and VO2 Max on Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in a Multinational Sample of People with HIV
People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for metabolic disorders affecting body mass index (BMI), chronic symptoms, and impaired physical function and capacity. Although physical activity improves health and well-being, PWH often do not meet activity recommendations necessary to achieve these benefits. Despite the known impact of symptoms, physical activity, and physical function on health, little is known about the relationships and interacti…
Qualitative Study of Men’s Experiences of Becoming a Father for the First-Time in Pakistan
There is a knowledge gap about fathers’ experiences during the perinatal period globally. Limited literature addresses experiences of first-time fathers during the perinatal period in the sociocultural context of Pakistan. This is the first study to explore the experiences of first-time fathers during the perinatal period in Pakistan and seeks to clarify those experiences from the father’s perspectives. Critical realism (CR) philosophy was integr…
First-Time Father’s Risk Factors of Paternal Perinatal Psychological Distress
Fathers can experience psychological distress during the paternal perinatal period. The effects of paternal perinatal psychological distress (PPPD) are multileveled. Little research is available about PPPD in first-time fathers. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature on risk factors contributing to PPPD in first-time fathers. The Arksey & O’Malley framework was used to guide this scoping review. The Population, Concept, and Conte…
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life, Anxiety, Connections to Friends, and Access to Resources Among People with HIV
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mitigation efforts on health and social outcomes for people with HIV at the individual, social, and structural levels of the Social Ecological Model. The International Nursing Network for HIV collected data for a cross-sectional survey of people with HIV in Botswana, Canada, Colombia, Hong Kong, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Thailand, an…
Medicine (20 works) · Psychology (15 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (13 works) · Gerontology (12 works) · Family medicine (10 works) · Demography (9 works) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV (9 works) · Nursing (9 works) · Psychological intervention (9 works) · Public health (9 works)