William F Keegan
Biographic Data
| ID | 104308 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William F Keegan |
| GIVEN NAMES | William F |
| FAMILY NAME | Keegan |
| SIGNATURE | KEEGAN W F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Florida Museum of Natural History |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1182-5361 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 65 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 551 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 64 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Palmetto Ware Pottery of the Lucayan Islands: Reverse Engineering a Novel Pottery Type
Island Colonization and Human-Environment Interactions on the Edges of the Tropics: Archaeology of the Taíno Frontier (Northern Bahamas)
Variability across frontiers and boundaries challenges the resilience of expanding populations. Here, we contribute to a broader understanding of global patterns of island colonization and expose the diversity of lifeways experienced across the Taíno culture area by exploring Lucayan settlement of the small subtropical islands of the northern Bahama archipelago. The results of this first comprehensive investigation document the rapid expansion an…
Taíno Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King
Production of Greater Antillean pottery and its exchange to the Lucayan Islands: A compositional study
Real, Recent, or Replica: Precolumbian Caribbean Heritage as Art, Commodity, and Inspiration , by Joanna Ostapkowicz & Jonathan A. Hanna (eds.)
Is It Better to Be Objectively Wrong or Subjectively Right: Testing the Accuracy and Consistency of the Munsell Capsure Spectrocolorimeter for Archaeological Applications
For many years, archaeologists have relied on Munsell Soil Color Charts (MSCC) as tools for standardizing the recording of soil and sediment colors in the field and artifacts such as pottery in the lab. Users have identified multiple potential sources of discrepancy in results, such as differences in inter-operator perception, light source, or moisture content of samples. In recent years, researchers have developed inexpensive digital methods for…
Unique Lucayan sand dune burials at the Rolling Heads site, Long Island, The Bahamas
The skeletal remains of nearly 100 Indigenous Bahamians, called Lucayans, have been recovered in the Bahama archipelago (Lucayan Islands). Until now, virtually, all were recovered from wet and dry caves, caverns, and blue holes, most of which lacked specific evidence for mortuary practices. In the aftermath of Hurricane Joaquin in October 2015, two human crania were found on Lowe's Beach, Long Island, The Bahamas. In addition, two burial areas we…
Human–environment interactions in a Bahamian dune landscape: A geoarchaeological study of a new Lucayan burial site
Investigations were undertaken following the discovery of two Lucayan burials in an Atlantic coast sand dune on Long Island, The Bahamas (site LN‐101), in the aftermath of Hurricane Joaquin in 2015. The dune burials were the first of their kind to be documented and systematically excavated, and they were associated with uncommon Atlantic coast Lucayan sites. We describe the first systematic archaeological prospection and investigation of coastal …
Cooking with corals: The Bahamas experiments
Child labor in Saladoid St. Thomas, U.S.V.I. (300–500 CE)
The paleoecology and extinction of endemic tortoises in the Bahamian Archipelago
No native species of tortoises ( Chelonoidis spp.) live today in the Bahamian (Lucayan) Archipelago (= The Bahamas + The Turks and Caicos Islands), although a number of species inhabited these islands at the first human contact in the late-Holocene. Until their extinction, tortoises were the largest terrestrial herbivores in the island group. We report 16 accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates determined directly on individ…
Determining precolonial botanical foodways: Starch recovery and analysis, Long Island, The Bahamas
Bahamian hutia ( Geocapromys ingrahami ) in the Lucayan Realm: Pre-Columbian Exploitation and Translocation
Bahamian hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) are endemic to The Bahamas. The skeletal remains of this species have been recovered from multiple Lucayan-associated archaeological sites in the region, suggesting that it was an important source of human food. This study explores the role of pre-Columbian indigenous peoples in the geographic distribution of Bahamian hutias, and the possibility of intentional management of the animal. We provide an overview…
Caribbean Kinship as Instituted Process
Islands are colonized by organized groups of people. This paper examines the ways in which the economy of colonizing groups is embedded in kinship institutions. This perspective emerged from substantivist and institutional economics, which both recognize economizing as embedded in kinship. Moreover, the formalist/substantivist debate highlighted the differences between empirical and theoretical perspectives, and the importance of societal norms i…
Remote cays and the pre-Columbian colonisation of The Bahamas
Recent research investigating the origins of Bahama archipelago habitation conducted archaeological surveys on the remote Bahamian Guinchos Cay and Cay Lobos. A complete lack of prehistoric evidence, however, suggests that they played no significant role in the colonisation of The Bahamas
The Meillacoid and Chicoid Worlds
This chapter considers the likelihood that Meillacoid and Chicoid represent contemporaneous social groups, and not sequential pottery styles. New research, previously unavailable elsewhere, is discussed in the context of mobility and the development of social hierarchy. The sites document a trajectory that was distinct from Puerto Rico’s, although Puerto Rico was engaged through the movement of people and ideas from Hispaniola to Puerto Rico. His…
The Caribbean before Columbus
"The islands of the Caribbean are remarkably diverse, environmentally and culturally. Ranging from low limestone islands to volcanic islands with mountainous peaks, from rainforests to desert habitats, they are home to a mosaic of indigenous communities and to the descendants of Europeans, Africans, and Asians. Yet this diversity has become homogenized, for both the tourist and the historian. For instance, it was assumed that every new prehistori…
Late Holocene Historical Ecology: The Timing of Vertebrate Extirpation on Crooked Island, Commonwealth of The Bahamas
We report eight new accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) dates performed directly on individual bones of extirpated species from Crooked Island, The Bahamas. Three dates from the hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami), recovered from a culturally derived bone assemblage in McKay's Bluff Cave (site CR-5), all broadly overlap from AD 1450 to 1620, which encompasses the time of first European contact with the Lucayan on Crooked Island (AD 14…
The Bioarchaeology of Kinship: Proposed Revisions to Assumptions Guiding Interpretation
Bioarchaeology provides sophisticated techniques for estimating intra- and intercemetery biological relationships (i.e., biodistances), which can significantly expand anthropological research on kinship, explaining multiple dimensions of social life and identity in prehistory. However, some assumptions guiding the interpretation of results may need reconsideration. Although it is often assumed that descent groups should be homogeneous, social org…
Mobility and Disdain: Columbus and Cannibals in the Land of Cotton
The premise of this contribution is that some of the observations regarding the indigenous peoples of the Bahama archipelago ("Lucayans") recorded in the diario of Christopher Columbus's first voyage to America provide the opportunity to infer precontact practices. Important observations in the diario for the Bahamas are descriptions of exchanges between the Lucayans and the Spanish. These descriptions indicate that cotton, parrots, and wood jave…
The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Archaeology
In one sense, the Caribbean islands were isolated from their neighbors and the surrounding mainland by water, but the degree of isolation was negotiated by cultural potentials. This volume on Caribbean archaeology focuses on the cultural construction of insularity. In this regard, the Caribbean islands can shed their insular past and demonstrate their significant role for understanding world history. The articles in this volume are based on studi…
Sites on the landscape: Paleoenvironmental context of late Pleistocene archaeological sites from the Lake Victoria basin, equatorial East Africa
Indigenous Languages of the Caribbean
This title provides an overview of archaeological investigations in the insular Caribbean, understood here as the islands whose shores surround the Caribbean Sea and the islands of the Bahama Archipelago. The handbook brings together examples of the best research conducted by scholars from across the globe to address the complexity of the Caribbean past
From Faunal Remains to Baselines: Comment on Julio Baisre's “Setting a Baseline for Caribbean Fisheries”
Caciques and Cemí Idols: The Web Spun by Taíno Rulers between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico . José R. Oliver
Processual Archaeology and the Radical Critique [and Comments and Reply]
Stable Carbon- and Nitrogen-Isotope Ratios of Bone Collagen Used to Study Coral-Reef and Terrestrial Components of Prehistoric Bahamian Diet
Previous studies have demonstrated that stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios of bone collagen can be used to distinguish marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet. However, when this method was first applied to prehistoric Bahamians, their bone-collagen nitrogen-isotope ratios were found to be outside the ranges observed for other coastal populations that ate substantial quantities of marine foods. This study examines in d…
West Indian Archaeology. 3. Ceramic Age
The Evolution of Avunculocal Chiefdoms: A Reconstruction of Taino Kinship and Politics
Studies of prehistoric settlement patterns emphasize resource distributions, production, exchange, and political relations as the determining factors of settlement locations. Settlement patterns are also influenced by social organization. The present study examines the interrelationship of social organization, specifically matrilocal/avunculocal residence and matrilineal descent, and the Lucayan Taino settlement of the Bahama archipelago (ca. A.D…
The Optimal Foraging Analysis of Horticultural Production
This paper extends the application of optimal foraging theory to horticultural economies. The Machiguenga, a native Amazonian population of southeastern Peru, are used as a test case. The results demonstrate the theory's utility in structuring questions and predicting the outcome of horticultural production. By extending the range of foraging theory the evolution of subsistence strategies from hunting-gathering to agriculture can be examined in q…
Sites on the landscape: Paleoenvironmental context of late Pleistocene archaeological sites from the Lake Victoria basin, equatorial East Africa
Expedient Shell Tools from the Northern West Indies
Our work in the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, Haiti, and Jamaica has revealed significant patterning in apparently unretouched molluscan shell objects. In the present paper we conclude that repetitive patterns in shell breakage, especially of queen conch (Strombus gigas), reflect the specific manufacture of forms for use as expedient tools. Expedient tools exhibit only primary modification in which a portion of the source material is removed and sha…
Modeling dispersal in the prehistoric West Indies
In an effort to study population movements in the prehistoric West Indies, a model that describes dispersal under two specific sets of conditions was deduced from the Verhulst‐Pearl logistic equation of density‐dependent population growth ‐ the same equation that previously gave us the carrying‐capacity concept and r‐ and K‐selection model. Population expansion in the prehistoric West Indies is shown to have occurred at a rapid pace during which …
The Bioarchaeology of Kinship: Proposed Revisions to Assumptions Guiding Interpretation
Bioarchaeology provides sophisticated techniques for estimating intra- and intercemetery biological relationships (i.e., biodistances), which can significantly expand anthropological research on kinship, explaining multiple dimensions of social life and identity in prehistory. However, some assumptions guiding the interpretation of results may need reconsideration. Although it is often assumed that descent groups should be homogeneous, social org…
West Indian archaeology. 1. Overview and foragers
The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas
Attractive Ideas, Desirable Goods: Examining the Late Ceramic Age Relationships between Greater and Lesser Antillean Societies
This article aims to correct a number of archaeological misconceptions issuing from the Taíno-Carib dichotomy engrained within the discipline. We examine the evidence for Late Ceramic Age (AD 800–1500) interactions between communities of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. This article explores and nuances the alleged dichotomy between Taíno and Carib societies, details a number of contact lines between them, and advances hypotheses regarding the me…
Changes in invertebrate taxa at two pre-Columbian sites in southwestern Jamaica, AD 800–1500
Central Plaza Burials in Saladoid Puerto Rico: An Alternative Perspective
Some Caribbean archaeologists have assumed that the individuals buried beneath the central plazas of Saladoid sites in Puerto Rico lived in those villages during their lives. They interpret these central place burials as providing immediate access to the ancestors during ceremonies performed in this public space. The central plaza is viewed as the axis mundi, and through ancestor veneration the dead were called upon to intercede with the gods on …
The Role of Small Islands in Marine Subsistence Strategies: Case Studies from the Caribbean
Cannibal Encounters: Europeans and Island Caribs, 1492-1763
Philip Boucher analyzes the images-and the realities-of European relations with the people known as Island Caribs during the first three centuries after Columbus. Based on literary sources, travelers' observations, and missionary accounts, as well as on French and English colonial archives and administrative correspondence, Cannibal Encounters offers a vivid portrait of a troubled chapter in the history of European-Amerindian relations
Determining precolonial botanical foodways: Starch recovery and analysis, Long Island, The Bahamas
West Indian archaeology. 2. After Columbus
Bahamian hutia ( Geocapromys ingrahami ) in the Lucayan Realm: Pre-Columbian Exploitation and Translocation
Bahamian hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) are endemic to The Bahamas. The skeletal remains of this species have been recovered from multiple Lucayan-associated archaeological sites in the region, suggesting that it was an important source of human food. This study explores the role of pre-Columbian indigenous peoples in the geographic distribution of Bahamian hutias, and the possibility of intentional management of the animal. We provide an overview…
The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas
Archeology and the Ethno-Tyrannies
Human–environment interactions in a Bahamian dune landscape: A geoarchaeological study of a new Lucayan burial site
Investigations were undertaken following the discovery of two Lucayan burials in an Atlantic coast sand dune on Long Island, The Bahamas (site LN‐101), in the aftermath of Hurricane Joaquin in 2015. The dune burials were the first of their kind to be documented and systematically excavated, and they were associated with uncommon Atlantic coast Lucayan sites. We describe the first systematic archaeological prospection and investigation of coastal …
Creating the Guanahatabey (Ciboney): The Modern Genesis of an Extinct Culture
It is common knowledge that the West Indies were inhabited by three cultures at the time of European contact-the Island Caribs, the Tainos and the Ciboney - identified largely from the accounts of Spanish and French explorers and chroniclers. Is this knowledge accurate? This evaluation of evidence for the Guanahatabey ('Ciboney') of western Cuba and southwestern Haiti finds they did not survive until the time of European contact
The Ecology of Lucayan Arawak Fishing Practices
Fishing is a form of predator-prey interaction. As such, the behaviors of fishes can be used to define a restricted range of human behaviors that resulted in their capture. In this report, ecological evidence, fishbone analysis, ethnohistoric reports for the prehistoric Caribbean, experimental fishtrap samples, and ethnographic reports of fishing in other coral waters are brought together in the analysis of prehistoric fishing in the Bahama Archi…
The Synergism of Biology and Culture
Zooarchaeology, by its very nature, requires the melding of two disciplines, zoology and archaeology. As the name for this discipline suggests, the former often has primary emphasis. Practitioners have employed a wide variety of methods and theories that were first developed in the biological sciences. However, human cultural behavior does not always match that of other animals. We, therefore, need to modify the methods and theories to emphasize …
Carrying Capacity and Population Regulation: A Comment on Dewar
Possible Allochthonous Lucayan Arawak Artifact Distributions, Bahama Islands
Two types of allochthonous (formed or originally occurring elsewhere) Lucayan Arawak artifact distributions are identified as the product of natural and historic transport mechanisms. Root-rafting is proposed as the mechanism by which certain igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary lithologic types were carried to the Bahamas, and historical cave-earth excavations are discussed as the process by which artifacts from cave sites were redistributed in…
The Ecology of Lucayan Arawak Fishing Practices
Fishing is a form of predator-prey interaction. As such, the behaviors of fishes can be used to define a restricted range of human behaviors that resulted in their capture. In this report, ecological evidence, fishbone analysis, ethnohistoric reports for the prehistoric Caribbean, experimental fishtrap samples, and ethnographic reports of fishing in other coral waters are brought together in the analysis of prehistoric fishing in the Bahama Archi…
The Optimal Foraging Analysis of Horticultural Production
This paper extends the application of optimal foraging theory to horticultural economies. The Machiguenga, a native Amazonian population of southeastern Peru, are used as a test case. The results demonstrate the theory's utility in structuring questions and predicting the outcome of horticultural production. By extending the range of foraging theory the evolution of subsistence strategies from hunting-gathering to agriculture can be examined in q…
Colonization of Islands by Humans: A Biogeographical Perspective
Processual Archaeology and the Radical Critique [and Comments and Reply]
Stable Carbon- and Nitrogen-Isotope Ratios of Bone Collagen Used to Study Coral-Reef and Terrestrial Components of Prehistoric Bahamian Diet
Previous studies have demonstrated that stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios of bone collagen can be used to distinguish marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet. However, when this method was first applied to prehistoric Bahamians, their bone-collagen nitrogen-isotope ratios were found to be outside the ranges observed for other coastal populations that ate substantial quantities of marine foods. This study examines in d…
Creating the Guanahatabey (Ciboney): The Modern Genesis of an Extinct Culture
It is common knowledge that the West Indies were inhabited by three cultures at the time of European contact-the Island Caribs, the Tainos and the Ciboney - identified largely from the accounts of Spanish and French explorers and chroniclers. Is this knowledge accurate? This evaluation of evidence for the Guanahatabey ('Ciboney') of western Cuba and southwestern Haiti finds they did not survive until the time of European contact
The Evolution of Avunculocal Chiefdoms: A Reconstruction of Taino Kinship and Politics
Studies of prehistoric settlement patterns emphasize resource distributions, production, exchange, and political relations as the determining factors of settlement locations. Settlement patterns are also influenced by social organization. The present study examines the interrelationship of social organization, specifically matrilocal/avunculocal residence and matrilineal descent, and the Lucayan Taino settlement of the Bahama archipelago (ca. A.D…
Cave of the Jagua: The Mythological World of the Tainos
Archeology and the Ethno-Tyrannies
The Development and Extinction of Lucayan Society
The Development and Extinction of Lucayan Society
Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People
Islanders in the Stream: A History of the Bahamian People
Wild Majesty: Encounters with Caribs from Columbus to the Present Day
Wild Majesty: Encounters with Caribs from Columbus to the Present Day
West Indian archaeology. 1. Overview and foragers
The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas
The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas
The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas
For the Lucayan Arawaks of the Caribbean, the year 1492 marked the beginning of the end: the first people contacted by Christopher Columbus were the first extinguished. Within 30 years, a population of perhaps 80,000 had declined to, at most, a few refugees. Clearing new ground in the study of prehistoric societies, Keegan argues that a different perspective on the past provides an accurate portrait of a culture that became extinct almost 500 yea…
The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas
The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus. Irving Rouse
Cannibal Encounters: Europeans and Island Caribs, 1492-1763
Philip Boucher analyzes the images-and the realities-of European relations with the people known as Island Caribs during the first three centuries after Columbus. Based on literary sources, travelers' observations, and missionary accounts, as well as on French and English colonial archives and administrative correspondence, Cannibal Encounters offers a vivid portrait of a troubled chapter in the history of European-Amerindian relations
Modeling dispersal in the prehistoric West Indies
In an effort to study population movements in the prehistoric West Indies, a model that describes dispersal under two specific sets of conditions was deduced from the Verhulst‐Pearl logistic equation of density‐dependent population growth ‐ the same equation that previously gave us the carrying‐capacity concept and r‐ and K‐selection model. Population expansion in the prehistoric West Indies is shown to have occurred at a rapid pace during which …
Archaeology (48 works) · Geography (47 works) · History (36 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (29 works) · Sociology (25 works) · History (23 works) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (23 works) · Biology (19 works) · Anthropology (17 works) · Ethnology (16 works)