Itzhak Harpaz
Biographic Data
| ID | 104668 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Itzhak Harpaz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Itzhak |
| FAMILY NAME | Harpaz |
| SIGNATURE | HARPAZ I |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Haifa |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 157 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
The Nature of Learning Climate in Public Administration: A Cross-Sectorial Examination of Its Relationship With Employee Job Involvement, Proactivity, and Creativity
To study the relation of learning climate in public organizations to desired employee performance in this sector, namely proactivity and creativity, we engaged a sample of 227 public-sector employees, 295 business-sector employees, and their supervisors, from an array of public and business organizations in Israel. The hypothesized relation was examined as a moderated mediation model where employment sector (public vs. business) moderated the ind…
The Work/Nonwork Spillover: The Enrichment Role of Work Engagement
This study examines whether work engagement enriches employees beyond the contribution of the domain of work, focusing on satisfaction with life and community involvement. Moreover, the ambivalence of scholars about the added value of the work engagement concept compared with similar work-related attitudes prompted us to assess the benefits that work engagement offers with regard to improving one’s satisfaction with life and community involvement…
A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors
Employee engagement has recently been introduced as a concept advantageous to organizations. However, little is known about the value of employee engagement in explaining work performance behaviors compared with similar concepts. The learning climate, defined as the organization's beneficial activities in helping employees create, acquire, and transfer knowledge, has also been proposed as an antecedent of employee engagement. Using data from a sa…
Changes in Norms Regarding Work in Israel over the Course of Time
This article presents a longitudinal study of changes in norms regarding work among the same individuals over a 12-year period. A control group made it possible to examine whether the normative changes that occurred were due to period effect, or life-course effect, or cohort effect. In Israel there were fewer acceptances of norms of ‘obligation’ and ‘entitlement’ in the 1990s than in the 1980s, principally due to cohort effect. In the 1990s young…
Gender and the relative centrality of major life domains: Changes Over the Course of Time
The current preliminary research presents initial findings of a cross-sectional study between 1981 and 2006. This is follow-up research regarding 'meaning of work' studies held in 1981 and 1993 and examines the changes of relative centrality of major life domains (work, family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel according to gender. The participants are representative samples of the Israeli labor force in 1981, 1993 and 2006. The results …
Core and Peripheral Values: An Over Time Analysis of Work Values in Israel
The longitudinal research presented here is unique, having examined a model of stability and change in work values of the same people over the course of time. The purpose was to reflect the changes in work values that occurred in Israel during this period. The research focused on three domains: work goals, job satisfaction, and work centrality. Following an analysis of research literature, a model of work values was examined by the LISREL method.…
Cross-Cultural Differences Concerning Heavy Work Investment
The study makes a cross-cultural comparison of heavy work investment, as well as its dispositional and situational types, based on data gathered through representative national samples of the adult population in twenty countries ( N = 25,962). We have found that work investment is heavier in societies where survival values are important, as compared to societies where self-expression values are important. Situational heavy work investors are more…
Centrality of and Investment in Work and Family Among Israeli High-Tech Workers: A Bicultural Perspective
Workers’ attitudes concerning the competition for individual’s resources between work and family are expressed by the relative centrality they attribute to each of these domains. This competition is also manifested in the tradeoff between work and family time. The study deals with 319 Israeli high-tech workers. We examined the effect of parenthood on men and on women regarding the centrality of and investment in work and family in the bicultural …
Workaholism From a Cross-Cultural Perspective
Changes in Work Centrality and Other Life Areas in Israel: A Longitudinal Study
This unique longitudinal study examines the state of work centrality and other life areas (family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel among the same individuals (n=407) over a 12-year period. A new representative sample (serving as a control group) of the Israeli labour force in 1992–93 (n=942) assists us in exploring whether the changes occurred by cohort, life course or period effect. The restudied sample maturation led to a decrease in…
Test-Retest Reliability of the Relative Work Centrality Measure
The Meaning of Work International Research Team in 1987 developed the Relative Work Centrality measure, on which individuals divide 100 points among five major domains (work, leisure, community, religion, and family) in their lives, based on their relative centrality. The present study examined the test-retest reliability of this measure in a convenience sample of 96 Israeli full-time workers over a 4-wk. period. The sample consisted of 41.7% men…
Workaholism: Its Definition and Nature
The term ‘workaholism’ is widely used, but there is little consensus about its meaning, beyond that of its core element: a substantial investment in work. Following Snir and Zohar, workaholism was first defined in the present study as the individual’s steady and considerable allocation of time to work-related activities and thoughts, which does not derive from external necessities. Subsequently, it was measured as time invested in work, while con…
Work-Leisure Relations: Leisure Orientation and the Meaning of Work
The relationship between work and leisure, with regard to various aspects of work and its meaning, was examined in two groups of people: leisure-oriented and work-oriented. Leisure-to-work spillover characterized the relations between leisure orientation and the following variables: absolute work centrality, interpersonal contacts, intrinsic orientation, obligation norm, and weekly work hours. Compensation for work by leisure characterized the re…
The Structure of the Meaning of Work: A Relative Stability Amidst Change
The theoretical and empirical literature assumes stability of important attitudes and values. Accordingly, this study examined the hypothesis that the structure of the meaning of work will remain stable over time. This hypothesis was tested on two independent samples of the Israeli labour force. The first ( n = 407) was a group of individuals who were interviewed twice, once in 1981 and again in 1993. The second was a new representative sample ( …
Cross-National Comparison of Religious Conviction and the Meaning of Work
This article examines religious conviction in relation to the meaning of work through representative samples of the labor forces in Ger many, Israel, and the Netherlands. Among workers with strong religious convictions in Germany and the Netherlands, the meaning of work was positively related to the variables of work centrality, obligation norms, and intrinsic orientation. However, the same workers negatively related the meaning of work to econom…
Work Centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States
An attempt was made to ascertain the meaning of work variables affecting work centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Expressive orientation and the societal norms of obligation were found to affect work centrality consistently. Females in these countries assigned less importance to work centrality than did males; educational level also contributed negatively to work central ity. The remaining variables were less consistent y…
The Meaning of Work in Israel: Its Nature and Consequences
Introduction Work and Its Meaning through the Ages Macro Socio-Economic Environment Model and Concepts of the Meaning of Work Measurement of the Meaning of Work The Structure of the Meaning of Work Work Centrality Societal Norms Concerning Work Work Attributes Work Goals Defining the Concept of Work Meaning of Work Patterns Consequences of the Meaning of Work The Meaning of Work: Summary and Relevance for Israeli Society Appendix I Appendix II In…
How working is defined: National contexts and demographic and organizational role influences
Six major ways in which individuals define the activity of working are empirically identified among national samples of employed labor force members in Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands and the U.S.A. Several types of exchanges being made between working individuals and their working environments are suggested. Primary emphasis is placed upon national similarities and differences in work definition pattern distr…
Non‐financial employment commitment: A cross‐national comparison
The so‐called ‘lottery question’, asking, ‘Would you stop or continue working if there were no economic reasons to carry on working?’ was utilized to evaluate non‐financial employment commitment. Results of a representative sample of the labour force in seven countries ( n = 8763) showed that between 68.8 per cent (in Great Britain) and 93.4 per cent (in Japan) of the workers indicated a desire to continue working
The Factorial Structure of the Meaning of Working
The structure of the Meaning of Working (MO W) was empirically analyzed through factor analysis. Interviews were conducted with samples from ten occupational groups, as well as a representative sample of the labor force, to determine the dimensions constituting the structure of work meanings. The original 39 variables resulted in 13 interpretable factors which were categorized into the following work domains: centrality of work as a life role, so…
Anticipatory Socialization toward Occupational Retirement
The willingness of older workers to participate in a retirement planning program served as an indicator of their anticipatory socialization toward retirement. Six independent variables were introduced in order to examine their effect on the workers' attitude toward pre-retirement counseling (dependent variable). A path analysis revealed that intention to continue working after retirement had a significant negative effect on the dependent variable…
Attitudes toward pre‐retirement counselling: A path model
In structured interviews with 250 older male workers, respondents were asked whether they wished to participate in a proposed pre‐retirement counselling programme. The effect of six independent variables on the workers' Attitude toward Pre‐Retirement Counselling (dependent variable) was examined by means of a path analysis. Intention to Continue Working after Retirement had a significant negative effect on the dependent variable, indicating that …
Determinants of continued and discontinued participation in pre‐retirement training: An Israeli case study
A pre‐retirement training programme, the first of its kind in Israel, was offered to older workers in five industrial and public service organizations. After training, structured interviews were conducted with 138 workers, who formed two groups according to their rate of attendance at training sessions: continued and discontinued participation in the programme. An attempt was made to identify the characteristics of these groups, in terms of 12 in…
Work-Leisure Relations: Leisure Orientation and the Meaning of Work
The relationship between work and leisure, with regard to various aspects of work and its meaning, was examined in two groups of people: leisure-oriented and work-oriented. Leisure-to-work spillover characterized the relations between leisure orientation and the following variables: absolute work centrality, interpersonal contacts, intrinsic orientation, obligation norm, and weekly work hours. Compensation for work by leisure characterized the re…
The Structure of the Meaning of Work: A Relative Stability Amidst Change
The theoretical and empirical literature assumes stability of important attitudes and values. Accordingly, this study examined the hypothesis that the structure of the meaning of work will remain stable over time. This hypothesis was tested on two independent samples of the Israeli labour force. The first ( n = 407) was a group of individuals who were interviewed twice, once in 1981 and again in 1993. The second was a new representative sample ( …
Changes in Work Centrality and Other Life Areas in Israel: A Longitudinal Study
This unique longitudinal study examines the state of work centrality and other life areas (family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel among the same individuals (n=407) over a 12-year period. A new representative sample (serving as a control group) of the Israeli labour force in 1992–93 (n=942) assists us in exploring whether the changes occurred by cohort, life course or period effect. The restudied sample maturation led to a decrease in…
How working is defined: National contexts and demographic and organizational role influences
Six major ways in which individuals define the activity of working are empirically identified among national samples of employed labor force members in Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands and the U.S.A. Several types of exchanges being made between working individuals and their working environments are suggested. Primary emphasis is placed upon national similarities and differences in work definition pattern distr…
A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors
Employee engagement has recently been introduced as a concept advantageous to organizations. However, little is known about the value of employee engagement in explaining work performance behaviors compared with similar concepts. The learning climate, defined as the organization's beneficial activities in helping employees create, acquire, and transfer knowledge, has also been proposed as an antecedent of employee engagement. Using data from a sa…
Workaholism: Its Definition and Nature
The term ‘workaholism’ is widely used, but there is little consensus about its meaning, beyond that of its core element: a substantial investment in work. Following Snir and Zohar, workaholism was first defined in the present study as the individual’s steady and considerable allocation of time to work-related activities and thoughts, which does not derive from external necessities. Subsequently, it was measured as time invested in work, while con…
Work Centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States
An attempt was made to ascertain the meaning of work variables affecting work centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Expressive orientation and the societal norms of obligation were found to affect work centrality consistently. Females in these countries assigned less importance to work centrality than did males; educational level also contributed negatively to work central ity. The remaining variables were less consistent y…
The Factorial Structure of the Meaning of Working
The structure of the Meaning of Working (MO W) was empirically analyzed through factor analysis. Interviews were conducted with samples from ten occupational groups, as well as a representative sample of the labor force, to determine the dimensions constituting the structure of work meanings. The original 39 variables resulted in 13 interpretable factors which were categorized into the following work domains: centrality of work as a life role, so…
Gender and the relative centrality of major life domains: Changes Over the Course of Time
The current preliminary research presents initial findings of a cross-sectional study between 1981 and 2006. This is follow-up research regarding 'meaning of work' studies held in 1981 and 1993 and examines the changes of relative centrality of major life domains (work, family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel according to gender. The participants are representative samples of the Israeli labor force in 1981, 1993 and 2006. The results …
Cross-National Comparison of Religious Conviction and the Meaning of Work
This article examines religious conviction in relation to the meaning of work through representative samples of the labor forces in Ger many, Israel, and the Netherlands. Among workers with strong religious convictions in Germany and the Netherlands, the meaning of work was positively related to the variables of work centrality, obligation norms, and intrinsic orientation. However, the same workers negatively related the meaning of work to econom…
Centrality of and Investment in Work and Family Among Israeli High-Tech Workers: A Bicultural Perspective
Workers’ attitudes concerning the competition for individual’s resources between work and family are expressed by the relative centrality they attribute to each of these domains. This competition is also manifested in the tradeoff between work and family time. The study deals with 319 Israeli high-tech workers. We examined the effect of parenthood on men and on women regarding the centrality of and investment in work and family in the bicultural …
Core and Peripheral Values: An Over Time Analysis of Work Values in Israel
The longitudinal research presented here is unique, having examined a model of stability and change in work values of the same people over the course of time. The purpose was to reflect the changes in work values that occurred in Israel during this period. The research focused on three domains: work goals, job satisfaction, and work centrality. Following an analysis of research literature, a model of work values was examined by the LISREL method.…
Changes in Norms Regarding Work in Israel over the Course of Time
This article presents a longitudinal study of changes in norms regarding work among the same individuals over a 12-year period. A control group made it possible to examine whether the normative changes that occurred were due to period effect, or life-course effect, or cohort effect. In Israel there were fewer acceptances of norms of ‘obligation’ and ‘entitlement’ in the 1990s than in the 1980s, principally due to cohort effect. In the 1990s young…
Cross-Cultural Differences Concerning Heavy Work Investment
The study makes a cross-cultural comparison of heavy work investment, as well as its dispositional and situational types, based on data gathered through representative national samples of the adult population in twenty countries ( N = 25,962). We have found that work investment is heavier in societies where survival values are important, as compared to societies where self-expression values are important. Situational heavy work investors are more…
Workaholism From a Cross-Cultural Perspective
The Nature of Learning Climate in Public Administration: A Cross-Sectorial Examination of Its Relationship With Employee Job Involvement, Proactivity, and Creativity
To study the relation of learning climate in public organizations to desired employee performance in this sector, namely proactivity and creativity, we engaged a sample of 227 public-sector employees, 295 business-sector employees, and their supervisors, from an array of public and business organizations in Israel. The hypothesized relation was examined as a moderated mediation model where employment sector (public vs. business) moderated the ind…
Determinants of continued and discontinued participation in pre‐retirement training: An Israeli case study
A pre‐retirement training programme, the first of its kind in Israel, was offered to older workers in five industrial and public service organizations. After training, structured interviews were conducted with 138 workers, who formed two groups according to their rate of attendance at training sessions: continued and discontinued participation in the programme. An attempt was made to identify the characteristics of these groups, in terms of 12 in…
Attitudes toward pre‐retirement counselling: A path model
In structured interviews with 250 older male workers, respondents were asked whether they wished to participate in a proposed pre‐retirement counselling programme. The effect of six independent variables on the workers' Attitude toward Pre‐Retirement Counselling (dependent variable) was examined by means of a path analysis. Intention to Continue Working after Retirement had a significant negative effect on the dependent variable, indicating that …
Anticipatory Socialization toward Occupational Retirement
The willingness of older workers to participate in a retirement planning program served as an indicator of their anticipatory socialization toward retirement. Six independent variables were introduced in order to examine their effect on the workers' attitude toward pre-retirement counseling (dependent variable). A path analysis revealed that intention to continue working after retirement had a significant negative effect on the dependent variable…
The Factorial Structure of the Meaning of Working
The structure of the Meaning of Working (MO W) was empirically analyzed through factor analysis. Interviews were conducted with samples from ten occupational groups, as well as a representative sample of the labor force, to determine the dimensions constituting the structure of work meanings. The original 39 variables resulted in 13 interpretable factors which were categorized into the following work domains: centrality of work as a life role, so…
Non‐financial employment commitment: A cross‐national comparison
The so‐called ‘lottery question’, asking, ‘Would you stop or continue working if there were no economic reasons to carry on working?’ was utilized to evaluate non‐financial employment commitment. Results of a representative sample of the labour force in seven countries ( n = 8763) showed that between 68.8 per cent (in Great Britain) and 93.4 per cent (in Japan) of the workers indicated a desire to continue working
How working is defined: National contexts and demographic and organizational role influences
Six major ways in which individuals define the activity of working are empirically identified among national samples of employed labor force members in Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands and the U.S.A. Several types of exchanges being made between working individuals and their working environments are suggested. Primary emphasis is placed upon national similarities and differences in work definition pattern distr…
The Meaning of Work in Israel: Its Nature and Consequences
Introduction Work and Its Meaning through the Ages Macro Socio-Economic Environment Model and Concepts of the Meaning of Work Measurement of the Meaning of Work The Structure of the Meaning of Work Work Centrality Societal Norms Concerning Work Work Attributes Work Goals Defining the Concept of Work Meaning of Work Patterns Consequences of the Meaning of Work The Meaning of Work: Summary and Relevance for Israeli Society Appendix I Appendix II In…
Work Centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States
An attempt was made to ascertain the meaning of work variables affecting work centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Expressive orientation and the societal norms of obligation were found to affect work centrality consistently. Females in these countries assigned less importance to work centrality than did males; educational level also contributed negatively to work central ity. The remaining variables were less consistent y…
Cross-National Comparison of Religious Conviction and the Meaning of Work
This article examines religious conviction in relation to the meaning of work through representative samples of the labor forces in Ger many, Israel, and the Netherlands. Among workers with strong religious convictions in Germany and the Netherlands, the meaning of work was positively related to the variables of work centrality, obligation norms, and intrinsic orientation. However, the same workers negatively related the meaning of work to econom…
Work-Leisure Relations: Leisure Orientation and the Meaning of Work
The relationship between work and leisure, with regard to various aspects of work and its meaning, was examined in two groups of people: leisure-oriented and work-oriented. Leisure-to-work spillover characterized the relations between leisure orientation and the following variables: absolute work centrality, interpersonal contacts, intrinsic orientation, obligation norm, and weekly work hours. Compensation for work by leisure characterized the re…
The Structure of the Meaning of Work: A Relative Stability Amidst Change
The theoretical and empirical literature assumes stability of important attitudes and values. Accordingly, this study examined the hypothesis that the structure of the meaning of work will remain stable over time. This hypothesis was tested on two independent samples of the Israeli labour force. The first ( n = 407) was a group of individuals who were interviewed twice, once in 1981 and again in 1993. The second was a new representative sample ( …
Workaholism: Its Definition and Nature
The term ‘workaholism’ is widely used, but there is little consensus about its meaning, beyond that of its core element: a substantial investment in work. Following Snir and Zohar, workaholism was first defined in the present study as the individual’s steady and considerable allocation of time to work-related activities and thoughts, which does not derive from external necessities. Subsequently, it was measured as time invested in work, while con…
Test-Retest Reliability of the Relative Work Centrality Measure
The Meaning of Work International Research Team in 1987 developed the Relative Work Centrality measure, on which individuals divide 100 points among five major domains (work, leisure, community, religion, and family) in their lives, based on their relative centrality. The present study examined the test-retest reliability of this measure in a convenience sample of 96 Israeli full-time workers over a 4-wk. period. The sample consisted of 41.7% men…
Changes in Work Centrality and Other Life Areas in Israel: A Longitudinal Study
This unique longitudinal study examines the state of work centrality and other life areas (family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel among the same individuals (n=407) over a 12-year period. A new representative sample (serving as a control group) of the Israeli labour force in 1992–93 (n=942) assists us in exploring whether the changes occurred by cohort, life course or period effect. The restudied sample maturation led to a decrease in…
Core and Peripheral Values: An Over Time Analysis of Work Values in Israel
The longitudinal research presented here is unique, having examined a model of stability and change in work values of the same people over the course of time. The purpose was to reflect the changes in work values that occurred in Israel during this period. The research focused on three domains: work goals, job satisfaction, and work centrality. Following an analysis of research literature, a model of work values was examined by the LISREL method.…
Cross-Cultural Differences Concerning Heavy Work Investment
The study makes a cross-cultural comparison of heavy work investment, as well as its dispositional and situational types, based on data gathered through representative national samples of the adult population in twenty countries ( N = 25,962). We have found that work investment is heavier in societies where survival values are important, as compared to societies where self-expression values are important. Situational heavy work investors are more…
Centrality of and Investment in Work and Family Among Israeli High-Tech Workers: A Bicultural Perspective
Workers’ attitudes concerning the competition for individual’s resources between work and family are expressed by the relative centrality they attribute to each of these domains. This competition is also manifested in the tradeoff between work and family time. The study deals with 319 Israeli high-tech workers. We examined the effect of parenthood on men and on women regarding the centrality of and investment in work and family in the bicultural …
Workaholism From a Cross-Cultural Perspective
Changes in Norms Regarding Work in Israel over the Course of Time
This article presents a longitudinal study of changes in norms regarding work among the same individuals over a 12-year period. A control group made it possible to examine whether the normative changes that occurred were due to period effect, or life-course effect, or cohort effect. In Israel there were fewer acceptances of norms of ‘obligation’ and ‘entitlement’ in the 1990s than in the 1980s, principally due to cohort effect. In the 1990s young…
Gender and the relative centrality of major life domains: Changes Over the Course of Time
The current preliminary research presents initial findings of a cross-sectional study between 1981 and 2006. This is follow-up research regarding 'meaning of work' studies held in 1981 and 1993 and examines the changes of relative centrality of major life domains (work, family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel according to gender. The participants are representative samples of the Israeli labor force in 1981, 1993 and 2006. The results …
A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors
Employee engagement has recently been introduced as a concept advantageous to organizations. However, little is known about the value of employee engagement in explaining work performance behaviors compared with similar concepts. The learning climate, defined as the organization's beneficial activities in helping employees create, acquire, and transfer knowledge, has also been proposed as an antecedent of employee engagement. Using data from a sa…
The Work/Nonwork Spillover: The Enrichment Role of Work Engagement
This study examines whether work engagement enriches employees beyond the contribution of the domain of work, focusing on satisfaction with life and community involvement. Moreover, the ambivalence of scholars about the added value of the work engagement concept compared with similar work-related attitudes prompted us to assess the benefits that work engagement offers with regard to improving one’s satisfaction with life and community involvement…
The Nature of Learning Climate in Public Administration: A Cross-Sectorial Examination of Its Relationship With Employee Job Involvement, Proactivity, and Creativity
To study the relation of learning climate in public organizations to desired employee performance in this sector, namely proactivity and creativity, we engaged a sample of 227 public-sector employees, 295 business-sector employees, and their supervisors, from an array of public and business organizations in Israel. The hypothesized relation was examined as a moderated mediation model where employment sector (public vs. business) moderated the ind…
Psychology (21 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Work (physics (17 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Demographic economics (11 works) · Political science (11 works) · Centrality (10 works) · Economics (10 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (9 works)