W H C Frend
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1048425 |
|---|---|
| NOME | W H C Frend |
| PRENOMES | W H C |
| SOBRENOME | Frend |
| ASSINATURA | FREND W H C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Glasgow |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 99 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 99 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1940 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2006 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Persecutions
In the 250 years that separate the Neronian persecution in 64 CE from the conversion of Constantine to Christianity, c. 312, Christianity was an illegal and suspect religion whose members were subject to arrest, condemnation and, in many cases, death. During the last half of the second century, instinctive popular anger against the Christians generated the violent, sporadic persecutions recorded by Eusebius. The Jews are now less prominent, thoug…
Some North African Turning Points in Christian Apologetics
Apologetics take their place beside miracles of healing and courage in the face of persecution as an important means of furthering the early Christian mission. In the first two centuries AD , when the popular perception was that Christianity was closely allied to Judaism, the argument from Old Testament prophecy was important. In the third century, however, as the Church gained ground among the educated classes in east and west, the emphasis chan…
The Place of Miracles in the Conversion of the Ancient World to Christianity
In C.435 Sozomen, the fifth-century lawyer and continuator of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History , describes how probably near the end of Constantine’s reign his grandfather and his family were converted to Christianity. He attributes this to the work of the Palestinian monk, Hilarion. He writes of Alaphion, a friend of the family at that time living in Bethelia near Gaza, a pagan stronghold: Alaphion it appears was possessed of a devi…
Eberhard Sauer. The archaeology of religious hatred in the Roman and early Medieval world. 192 pages, 77 figures, 25 colour illustrations. 2003. Stroud & Charleston (SC)
Eberhard Sauer. The archaeology of religious hatred in the Roman and early Medieval world. 192 pages, 77 figures, 25 colour illustrations. 2003. Stroud & Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-2530-7 paperback £17.99 & $29.99. - Volume 78 Issue 300
Qasr Ibrim 1974—The Coins
Publication of the Ptolemaic and Roman coins discovered mainly in the course of the EES excavations at Qasr Ibrim in 1974. Written at that time by the original excavator, 167 coins and similar metal objects are fully described and illustrated
The Church in Ancient Society
Church Historians of the Early Twentieth Century
As in every other branch of learning, the study of the early history of Christianity has undergone massive changes during the last century. This has been due not only to the vast accumulation of knowledge through new discoveries, but to new approaches to the subject, together with the rise of archaeology as a principal factor in providing fresh information. The study of the early Church has as a result moved steadily from dogma to history, from a…
Qasr Ibrim. The Late Mediaeval Period
Shorter Notices
Journal Article SHORTER NOTICES Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville and Caius CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXIII, Issue 450, February 1998, Pages 142–143, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXIII.450.142 Published: 01 February 1998
Shorter Notices
Donatus ‘paene totam Africam decepit’. How
Jerome was writing De viris illustribus in c. 393, and his verdict on Donatus of Carthage conceded that he had indeed ‘deceived nearly the whole of Africa’, an aim echoed by Augustine in his satirical anti-Donatist poem composed the same year. In fact, the year 393 had not been a good one for the Donatists. The high-handed acts of the new bishop of Carthage, Primian (391–412+), had provoked a schism among moderate and traditional members of the C…
Christianity in the Second Century
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Shorter Notices
Journal Article SHORTER NOTICES Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville and Caius CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXI, Issue 441, April 1996, Pages 398-b–399, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXI.441.398-b Published: 01 April 1996
The Desert Fathers on Monastic Community. Graham Gould
The Presence of God
Conversion and Text
Understanding Conversion. Karl F. Morrison
Edward Gibbon (1737–1794) and Early Christianity
Thus Gibbon opened the thirty-seventh chapter of the History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire , a lengthy chapter devoted to the twin topics of ‘the institution of monastic life’ and ‘the conversion of the northern barbarians’. The connection between the history of the Roman Empire and the Christian Church was indeed indissoluble. The Church was destined to follow the pattern of the empire by gradually degenerating as it grew in streng…
Shorter Notices
Shorter Notices W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Peterborough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CVIII, Issue 426, January 1993, Pages 162-a–162, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CVIII.426.162-a Published: 01 January 1993
Decorated Lead Object
Actes du Xle Congrès International d' Archéologie Chrétienne. Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève et Aoste (21–28 Septembre 1986). 3 vols. (Collection de l'École Française de Rome, 123
Actes du Xle Congrès International d' Archéologie Chrétienne. Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève et Aoste (21–28 Septembre 1986). 3 vols. (Collection de l'École Française de Rome, 123: Studi di Antichità Cristiana, XLI.) Pp. cxxvii + 2919 incl. numerous ills, and maps. Rome: École Française de Rome/Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, 1989. 2 7283 0194 8 (set); 0223 5099. - Volume 42 Issue 2
Jerusalem and Babylon. A Study into Augustine's "City of God" and the Sources of His Doctrine of the Two Cities
This book provides a new introduction to Augustine's City of God and his doctrine of the two cities, sources of this doctrine in Manichaeism, (Neo)Platonism and the pre- Augustinian Jewish and Jewish-Christian traditions
Prelude to the Great Persecution
The victory of Christianity in the last years of Constantine's was graphically described by Eusebius of Caesarea in his Life of Constantine . Clearly in Phoenicia, where he had excellent sources of reign information, the heart had gone out of the old religion. Every class in the community was prepared to accept Christianity and even to deride the deities that once they had held in awe. The victory there and ultimately over nearly the whole empire…
The Rise of Christianity
Pachomius
Pachomius, who died in 346, has long been regarded as the founder of Available again, Philip Rousseau's careful reading of the available texts reveals that Pachomius's pioneering enterprise has been consistently misread in light of later monastic practices. Rousseau not only provides a fuller and more accurate portrait of this great teacher and spiritual director but also gives a new perspective on the development of monasticism. In a new preface…
The Monks and the Survival of the East Roman Empire in the Fifth Century
Journal Article THE MONKS AND THE SURVIVAL OF THE EAST ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE FIFTH CENTURY Get access W. H. C. Frend W. H. C. Frend University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 54, Issue 1, February 1972, Pages 3–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/54.1.3 Published: 01 February 1972
The Winning of the Countryside
The Christian ministry of bishops, priests and deacons is essentially an urban one. It developed in the two generations after the fall of Jerusalem when the Church, though practically destroyed in Palestine, emerged as a religious and cultural force among the synagogues of the Dispersion. These were predominantly urban communities, and their organisation had developed accordingly. Except, however, for the final phase in Jerusalem, Jesus's message…
The Church in Ancient Society
Ecclesia Britannica
When Augustine and his monks landed at Thanet in 597, they were confronted with a situation rare even in the Völkerivanderung . What was to become the church of the English people had to be built up from scratch. In his despatches to Pope Gregory during the first years of his mission, Augustine gives no hint of an existing native Christian population, survivors of Roman Britain under Jutish rule, who might form the nucleus of a Church. There was …
Town and Countryside in Early Christianity
A visitor to the Greco-Roman world about the year 350 AD would have found himself confronted by one of the great ‘sea changes’ in the lives of its peoples. The structure of city, farm and village that had persisted for centuries would appear to be intact. The market-places of the towns would be lined with altars and statues of long-dead benefactors. Temples to the gods of Rome and perhaps to a native deity duly Romanised, would dominate the scene…
Heresy and schism as social and national movements
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Edward Gibbon (1737–1794) and Early Christianity
Thus Gibbon opened the thirty-seventh chapter of the History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire , a lengthy chapter devoted to the twin topics of ‘the institution of monastic life’ and ‘the conversion of the northern barbarians’. The connection between the history of the Roman Empire and the Christian Church was indeed indissoluble. The Church was destined to follow the pattern of the empire by gradually degenerating as it grew in streng…
Constantine and Eusebius
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L'Isola dei santi
L'Isola dei santi: il cenobio di Lerino e le origini del monachesimo gallico. By Salvatore Pricoco. (Filologia e critica, 23.) Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri, 1978. L. 10,000. - Volume 32 Issue 4
Eastern attitudes to Rome during the Acacian schism
The Acacian schism which lasted from 484 to 519 has been regarded as a bitter affair, characterised by intransigence on both sides and ending in an unqualified disaster for the Byzantine church. A closer look at the evidence suggests that the rigid attitudes of popes Gelasius (494–8) and Hormisdas (514–23) were far from being reproduced on the Byzantine side even at moments of provocation, and among the populace as a whole its existence was for m…
A Note on the Great Persecution in the West
The Great Persecution in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire was relatively short and sharp. Eusebius in both his Ecclesiastical History and the Martyrs of Palestine contrasts the eight long years of repression suffered by the East, first under Diocletian and Galerius and then under Maximian, with the persecution of ‘scarcely two years’ duration’ endured by the Western Christians. In the West, indeed, the persecution of Valerian 257-60 seem…
The Byzantine basilica church at Knossos
The Hellenistic and Roman city of Knossos occupied a broad plateau extending northward of the Minoan Palace towards the sea. For nearly a mile from the Palace the fields are studded with the debris of occupation. One of the great Roman town houses was partly excavated before the War by Mr. R. W. Hutchinson and the work has been continued by Mr. and Mrs. Michael Gough, now of the British Institute in Ankara. A splendid series of second- to third-c…
Religion in Roman Britain in the Fourth Century A.D
The Gnostic Sects and the Roman Empire
Two generations of lawyers and historians of the early Church have worked over the scanty evidence bearing on the legal and political relations between the first Christian communities and the Roman Empire. It is not the intention of the present writer to add to the enormous volume of work on the subject. The results of their battles have been ably summarised by A. N. Sherwin-White, and with his conclusions the legal problem may be allowed to rest…
The Gnostic-Manichaean Tradition in Roman North Africa
Throughout its history one may detect three principle tendencies at work in the African Church. First, and probably the strongest, was the traditional Cyprianic and Donatist view of Christianity. This was a Biblical religion, rejecting the culture and society of the surrounding pagan world and exalting the qualities of the prophet and the martyr. Its ideas can be traced in unbroken sequence through the Montanists of Tertullian's time and the conf…
The Memoriae Apostolorum in Roman North Africa
A certain number of extant inscriptions and oral traditions which still linger in remote places, as in the Djebel Nefouca, to the south of Leptis Magna and Oea, indicate that there was a time when the cult of the Apostles SS. Peter and Paul existed in Roman Africa; but the distribution of evidence, which is largely derived from the fringes of the Roman province, in Mauretania and in southern Numidia, invites the question why places so far removed…
The Revival of Berber Art
Much has been written about the revival of Celtic art in Britain during the last century of the Roman occupation, but so far evidence for similar movements in other parts of the Roman Empire has received but little attention from British archaeologists. Yet it is now nearly half a century since M. P. Gavault, a French archi- tect, excavated a 4th-5th century Christian church at Tigzirt on the Mediterranean coast west of Port Gueydon, and drew att…
GesprÄChe Mit Halder
GesprÄChe Mit Halder Get access GesprÄche Mit Halder. By Peter Bor. Wiesbaden, Limes Verlag, 1950. 267 pp. Illus. Maps. Index. 814′ ′×534′ ′ . DM12.50. W. H. C. Frend W. H. C. Frend Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1952, Page 95, https://doi.org/10.2307/2605021 Published: 01 January 1952
The Gnostic-Manichaean Tradition in Roman North Africa
Throughout its history one may detect three principle tendencies at work in the African Church. First, and probably the strongest, was the traditional Cyprianic and Donatist view of Christianity. This was a Biblical religion, rejecting the culture and society of the surrounding pagan world and exalting the qualities of the prophet and the martyr. Its ideas can be traced in unbroken sequence through the Montanists of Tertullian's time and the conf…
The Gnostic Sects and the Roman Empire
Two generations of lawyers and historians of the early Church have worked over the scanty evidence bearing on the legal and political relations between the first Christian communities and the Roman Empire. It is not the intention of the present writer to add to the enormous volume of work on the subject. The results of their battles have been ably summarised by A. N. Sherwin-White, and with his conclusions the legal problem may be allowed to rest…
Religion in Roman Britain in the Fourth Century A.D
North Africa and Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Recent discussions about Mediterranean trade in the early Middle Ages have tended to be based on two main assumptions. First, trade has been regarded as trade between ports in the eastern and western parts of the Mediterranean. Secondly, as a result of this view, the attention of historians has concentrated on the advance of the Arab fleets in the seventh and eighth centuries, which disrupted regular commerce and temporarily diminished the import…
A third-century Inscription relating to angareia in Phrygia
During a brief visit to Afyon Karahisar in central Anatolia in September, 1954, my attention was drawn by Bay Süleiman Gökce, Curator of the Vilayet Museum, to a large inscription which had recently been brought to him. It had been found at Sulmenli (Eulandra ?) some nine miles away, and salvaged by local officials. Thanks to the Curator's kindness I was able to make a copy on the spot and take a squeeze and photograph. The latter was improved up…
Two Finds in Central Anatolia
Situated about fifteen miles north of Karaman the Kara Dagh is an isolated volcanic massif which rises out of the Lycaonian plateau to a height of nearly 7,000 feet. In the first decade of the century Sir William Ramsay and Gertrude Bell spent three seasons surveying the archæological remains in the area. These include a great number of Byzantine churches and monasteries which have earned the Kara Dagh the name of Bin Bir Kilisse (“Thousand and O…
Short Notices
Journal Article Short Notices Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXII, Issue CCLXXXIII, April 1957, Pages 347-b–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXII.CCLXXXIII.347-b Published: 01 April 1957
Hitler and His Foreign Ministry 1937‐1939
The Persecutions
Each generation of historiographers has had its own interpretation of the persecutions. In their hour of triumph in the years following the Council of Nicaea, Christians in both halves of the Roman Empire looked back to these events as the heroic age of the Christian faith. The sufferings of the Church were linked to the sufferings of the children of Israel and this time, too, anti-Christ and his abettors, the pagan emperors, their officials and …
Jean Gaudemet, L'Église dans l'Empire Romain (IV e –V e siècles). Paris
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Short Notices
Short Notices Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville and Cains CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXIV, Issue 291, April 1959, Pages 335–336, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXIV.291.335 Published: 01 April 1959
The Failure of the Persecutions in the Roman Empire
THE FAILURE OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE Get access W. H. C. Frend W. H. C. Frend Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 16, Issue 1, November 1959, Pages 10–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/16.1.10 Published: 01 November 1959
E. A. Judge, The social pattern of Christian groups in the first century. London
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Short Notices
Short Notices W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gotwille & Cains CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXV, Issue 297, October 1960, Pages 712–713, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXV.297.712 Published: 01 October 1960
The Archaeologist and Church History
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Short Notices
Journal Article Short Notices Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville and Caius CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXVII, Issue CCCV, October 1962, Pages 760–761, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXVII.CCCV.760 Published: 01 October 1962
The Byzantine basilica church at Knossos
The Hellenistic and Roman city of Knossos occupied a broad plateau extending northward of the Minoan Palace towards the sea. For nearly a mile from the Palace the fields are studded with the debris of occupation. One of the great Roman town houses was partly excavated before the War by Mr. R. W. Hutchinson and the work has been continued by Mr. and Mrs. Michael Gough, now of the British Institute in Ankara. A splendid series of second- to third-c…
Short Notices
Short Notices Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville and Caius CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXIX, Issue CCCX, January 1964, Pages 137-a–137, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXIX.CCCX.137-a Published: 01 January 1964
Short Notices
Journal Article Short Notices Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville & Caius CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXIV, January 1965, Pages 137-a–137, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXIV.137-a Published: 01 January 1965
A Note on the Great Persecution in the West
The Great Persecution in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire was relatively short and sharp. Eusebius in both his Ecclesiastical History and the Martyrs of Palestine contrasts the eight long years of repression suffered by the East, first under Diocletian and Galerius and then under Maximian, with the persecution of ‘scarcely two years’ duration’ endured by the Western Christians. In the West, indeed, the persecution of Valerian 257-60 seem…
Short Notices
Short Notices Get access W. H. C. FREND W. H. C. FREND Gonville and Caius CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXI, Issue CCCXIX, April 1966, Pages 366-a–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXI.CCCXIX.366-a Published: 01 April 1966
Jean Colin, L'Empire des Antonins et les martyrs Gaulois de 177 ( Antiquitas , Reihe i, Abhandlungen zur alten Geschichte, Band 10). Bonn
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