Oddbjørn Raaum
Biographic Data
| ID | 1049375 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Oddbjørn Raaum |
| GIVEN NAMES | Oddbjørn |
| FAMILY NAME | Raaum |
| SIGNATURE | RAAUM O |
| AFFILIATIONS | Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 168 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Evaluating compliance gains of expanding tax enforcement
This paper demonstrates how tax administrations can evaluate future compliance gains from risk‐based tax enforcement that audits all taxpayers above a risk threshold. Expanding tax enforcement in this setting means reducing the audit threshold. The compliance gains from such an expansion consist of a mechanical audit correction effect and a behavioural effect that reflects changes in self‐reporting in the subsequent years. We estimate this behavi…
Social gradients in employment during and after the Covid-19 pandemic
We examine employment effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Norway from March 2020 through June 2022: during the initial lockdown, through the subsequent recovery, and after the dust had settled. While we identify large and socially skewed effects of the crisis through its early phases, we find no long-term effects on employees exposed to early risk of job loss. For those employed at the onset of the pandemic, both the level and the socioeconomic com…
Socioeconomic differences in the long-term effects of teacher absence on student outcomes
School teachers' sickness absence has been shown to affect student achievement in the short run. However, we know little about whether socioeconomic backgrounds may compensate for reductions in instructional quality and to what extent teacher absence effects persist over time. This paper examines the socioeconomic differences in the short- and long-term effects of teacher absence. We use population-wide Norwegian register data to study the effect…
Every tenth child: Heterogeneity in characteristics and life-course patterns among children in contact with child welfare services
Every tenth Norwegian child has been in contact with the child welfare services (CWS) before age 18. This paper describes the variation in background characteristics of CWS children with different types of services and their life-course patterns from ages 10 to 25, compared to other children. We use high-quality population-wide Norwegian register data, covering about 860 000 children from birth cohorts 1987–2001, of which roughly 85 000 have rece…
Trends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomes
We study assortative mating of Norwegian parents over five decades and its consequences for offspring outcomes. Parents are characterised by the earnings decile of their parents (the offspring's grandparents) as an indicator of social class. While assortative mating has remained stable across decades, parenthood has become more skewed toward the higher classes. Examining the influence on offspring education and employment, we find that the margin…
Birth Order and Voter Turnout
Previous studies have stressed the role of a child's family environment for future political participation. This field of research has, however, overlooked that children within the same family have different experiences depending on their birth order. First-borns spend their first years of life without having to compete over their parents' attention and resources, while their younger siblings are born into potential rivalry. We examine difference…
Impact of the School Environment on Medical Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Wide Register Data Study of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most heritable psychiatric childhood disorders, social and gene–environment interactions seemingly play an important role in the etiology of ADHD. Consistent with this, this study finds that School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) reduced the likelihood of pharmacotherapeutic treatment for ADHD at age 14–16 by 12%, using population-wide Norwegian reg…
Economic returns to adult vocational qualifications
Some countries have certifying institutions for competence acquired at the workplace. These institutions provide incentives for workplace training that may have favourable effects on productivity, earnings and labour market participation. We present evidence on the earnings effects of attaining vocational qualifications in adulthood through two alternative routes: (1) apprenticeship and (2) recognition and testing of vocational competence acquire…
Excess churn in integrated labor markets
Welfare Activation and Youth Crime
We evaluate the impact on youth crime of a welfare reform that tightened activation requirements for social assistance clients. The evaluation strategy exploits administrative individual data in combination with geographically differentiated implementation of the reform. We find that the reform reduced crime among teenage boys from economically disadvantaged families. Stronger reform effects on weekday versus weekend crime, reduced school dropout…
Adult Vocational Qualifications Reduce the Social Gradient in Education
Many youth leave school early without an upper secondary education, impeding their chances in the labor market. Early school leavers come disproportionately from families with low parental education. In some countries, there are alternative routes to upper secondary qualifications as adults. Does adult attainment reduce initial social differences in educational attainment, or does it reinforce such differences? Norway is one of the countries wher…
Job Loss and Immigrant Labour Market Performance
While integration policies typically focus on labour market entry, we present evidence showing that immigrants from low‐income countries tend to have more precarious jobs, and face more severe consequences of job loss, than natives. For immigrant workers in the Norwegian private sector, the probability of job loss in the near future is more than twice that of native workers. Using corporate bankruptcy filings for identification, we find that the …
Fagbrev i voksen alder: Vocational qualifications in adulthood
Nordic Economic Policy Review
What can we learn from each other and others? Since the mid-eighties the Nordic countries have received a high influx of refugees relative to the population size. Currently these countries receive large numbers of refugees, notably from the Middle East. Existing studies exploiting the rich administrative registers in the Nordic countries have shown that the speed of labour market assimilation of immigrants from non-Western countries in the Nordic…
The Nordic model – challenged but capable of reform
The Nordic welfare model has received a lot of positive attention around the world. High standard of living, small income disparities and substantial social mobility looks like a very attractive package. Moreover, sound public finances and strong emphasis on environmental sustainability suggest that today’s success has not been accomplished at the expense of future generations. But is there really a unique “Nordic Supermodel”, unshaken by the glo…
Immigrants, Labour Market Performance and Social Insurance
Using longitudinal data from the date of arrival, we study long‐term labour market and social insurance outcomes for all major immigrant cohorts to Norway since 1970. Immigrants from high‐income countries performed as natives, while labour migrants from low‐income source countries had declining employment rates and increasing disability programme participation over the lifecycle. Refugees and family migrants assimilated during the initial period …
Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction
Journal Article Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction Get access Bernt Bratsberg, Bernt Bratsberg The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oddbjørn Raaum Oddbjørn Raaum The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 122, Issue 565, December 2012, Pages 1177…
Nonlinearities in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility: Consequences for Cross‐Country Comparisons
We show that the patterns of intergenerational earnings mobility in Denmark, Finland and Norway, unlike those for the US and the UK, are highly nonlinear. The Nordic relationship between log earnings of sons and fathers is flat in the lower segments of the fathers' earnings distribution - sons growing up in the poorest households have the same adult earnings prospects as sons in moderately poor households - and is increasingly positive in middle …
American Exceptionalism in a New Light: A Comparison of Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the Nordic Countries, the United Kingdom and the United States
Do Business Cycle Conditions at the Time of Labor Market Entry Affect Future Employment Prospects
Labor market conditions at the time and place of potential entry into the labor market are shown to have a substantial and persistent effect on adult employment prospects. Individuals who face particularly depressed local labor markets when they graduate from secondary education, are—other things equal—subject to relatively high rates of nonemployment during their whole prime-age work career. Building on a unique combination of micro and macro da…
Local Unemployment and the Relative Wages of Immigrants: Evidence from the Current Population Surveys
We provide evidence on wage profiles of immigrants using Current Population Survey data from 1979 to 2003, taking into account that changes in labor market conditions impact natives and immigrants differently. High rates of immigrant wage assimilation, in general, and relatively high wages of immigrant cohorts that arrived during the 1990s, in particular, can to a large extent be explained by a negative trend in unemployment in the data. Relating…
The Neighbourhood is not What it used to be
Using a variance decomposition framework that bounds the effect of families and neighbourhoods, we find important effects of family characteristics and residential location on adult education and earnings in Norway. Neighbourhoods are less important than families, as the correlations among siblings are significantly higher than among children growing up in the same local community. The impact of neighbourhoods is reduced by half from 1960 to 1970…
Mulighetenes land? Inntektsprofiler for innvandrere til Norge og USA
Administrative registers – Unexplored reservoirs of Scientific Knowledge
Administrative registers constitute valuable, yet to a large extent unexplored, sources of knowledge about human behaviour. In this paper, we discuss how register data can contribute to scientific progress within the field of empirical labour market economics. The discussion is founded on our own experience derived from the Norwegian Frisch Centre Database. We argue that access to register data opens up new and challenging avenues for future rese…
Immigrants, Labour Market Performance and Social Insurance
Using longitudinal data from the date of arrival, we study long‐term labour market and social insurance outcomes for all major immigrant cohorts to Norway since 1970. Immigrants from high‐income countries performed as natives, while labour migrants from low‐income source countries had declining employment rates and increasing disability programme participation over the lifecycle. Refugees and family migrants assimilated during the initial period …
Nonlinearities in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility: Consequences for Cross‐Country Comparisons
We show that the patterns of intergenerational earnings mobility in Denmark, Finland and Norway, unlike those for the US and the UK, are highly nonlinear. The Nordic relationship between log earnings of sons and fathers is flat in the lower segments of the fathers' earnings distribution - sons growing up in the poorest households have the same adult earnings prospects as sons in moderately poor households - and is increasingly positive in middle …
The Neighbourhood is not What it used to be
Using a variance decomposition framework that bounds the effect of families and neighbourhoods, we find important effects of family characteristics and residential location on adult education and earnings in Norway. Neighbourhoods are less important than families, as the correlations among siblings are significantly higher than among children growing up in the same local community. The impact of neighbourhoods is reduced by half from 1960 to 1970…
Administrative registers – Unexplored reservoirs of Scientific Knowledge
Administrative registers constitute valuable, yet to a large extent unexplored, sources of knowledge about human behaviour. In this paper, we discuss how register data can contribute to scientific progress within the field of empirical labour market economics. The discussion is founded on our own experience derived from the Norwegian Frisch Centre Database. We argue that access to register data opens up new and challenging avenues for future rese…
Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction
Journal Article Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction Get access Bernt Bratsberg, Bernt Bratsberg The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oddbjørn Raaum Oddbjørn Raaum The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 122, Issue 565, December 2012, Pages 1177…
Birth Order and Voter Turnout
Previous studies have stressed the role of a child's family environment for future political participation. This field of research has, however, overlooked that children within the same family have different experiences depending on their birth order. First-borns spend their first years of life without having to compete over their parents' attention and resources, while their younger siblings are born into potential rivalry. We examine difference…
Job Loss and Immigrant Labour Market Performance
While integration policies typically focus on labour market entry, we present evidence showing that immigrants from low‐income countries tend to have more precarious jobs, and face more severe consequences of job loss, than natives. For immigrant workers in the Norwegian private sector, the probability of job loss in the near future is more than twice that of native workers. Using corporate bankruptcy filings for identification, we find that the …
Trends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomes
We study assortative mating of Norwegian parents over five decades and its consequences for offspring outcomes. Parents are characterised by the earnings decile of their parents (the offspring's grandparents) as an indicator of social class. While assortative mating has remained stable across decades, parenthood has become more skewed toward the higher classes. Examining the influence on offspring education and employment, we find that the margin…
Mulighetenes land? Inntektsprofiler for innvandrere til Norge og USA
Socioeconomic differences in the long-term effects of teacher absence on student outcomes
School teachers' sickness absence has been shown to affect student achievement in the short run. However, we know little about whether socioeconomic backgrounds may compensate for reductions in instructional quality and to what extent teacher absence effects persist over time. This paper examines the socioeconomic differences in the short- and long-term effects of teacher absence. We use population-wide Norwegian register data to study the effect…
Excess churn in integrated labor markets
Adult Vocational Qualifications Reduce the Social Gradient in Education
Many youth leave school early without an upper secondary education, impeding their chances in the labor market. Early school leavers come disproportionately from families with low parental education. In some countries, there are alternative routes to upper secondary qualifications as adults. Does adult attainment reduce initial social differences in educational attainment, or does it reinforce such differences? Norway is one of the countries wher…
Administrative registers – Unexplored reservoirs of Scientific Knowledge
Administrative registers constitute valuable, yet to a large extent unexplored, sources of knowledge about human behaviour. In this paper, we discuss how register data can contribute to scientific progress within the field of empirical labour market economics. The discussion is founded on our own experience derived from the Norwegian Frisch Centre Database. We argue that access to register data opens up new and challenging avenues for future rese…
Mulighetenes land? Inntektsprofiler for innvandrere til Norge og USA
American Exceptionalism in a New Light: A Comparison of Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the Nordic Countries, the United Kingdom and the United States
Do Business Cycle Conditions at the Time of Labor Market Entry Affect Future Employment Prospects
Labor market conditions at the time and place of potential entry into the labor market are shown to have a substantial and persistent effect on adult employment prospects. Individuals who face particularly depressed local labor markets when they graduate from secondary education, are—other things equal—subject to relatively high rates of nonemployment during their whole prime-age work career. Building on a unique combination of micro and macro da…
Local Unemployment and the Relative Wages of Immigrants: Evidence from the Current Population Surveys
We provide evidence on wage profiles of immigrants using Current Population Survey data from 1979 to 2003, taking into account that changes in labor market conditions impact natives and immigrants differently. High rates of immigrant wage assimilation, in general, and relatively high wages of immigrant cohorts that arrived during the 1990s, in particular, can to a large extent be explained by a negative trend in unemployment in the data. Relating…
The Neighbourhood is not What it used to be
Using a variance decomposition framework that bounds the effect of families and neighbourhoods, we find important effects of family characteristics and residential location on adult education and earnings in Norway. Neighbourhoods are less important than families, as the correlations among siblings are significantly higher than among children growing up in the same local community. The impact of neighbourhoods is reduced by half from 1960 to 1970…
Nonlinearities in Intergenerational Earnings Mobility: Consequences for Cross‐Country Comparisons
We show that the patterns of intergenerational earnings mobility in Denmark, Finland and Norway, unlike those for the US and the UK, are highly nonlinear. The Nordic relationship between log earnings of sons and fathers is flat in the lower segments of the fathers' earnings distribution - sons growing up in the poorest households have the same adult earnings prospects as sons in moderately poor households - and is increasingly positive in middle …
Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction
Journal Article Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction Get access Bernt Bratsberg, Bernt Bratsberg The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oddbjørn Raaum Oddbjørn Raaum The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 122, Issue 565, December 2012, Pages 1177…
The Nordic model – challenged but capable of reform
The Nordic welfare model has received a lot of positive attention around the world. High standard of living, small income disparities and substantial social mobility looks like a very attractive package. Moreover, sound public finances and strong emphasis on environmental sustainability suggest that today’s success has not been accomplished at the expense of future generations. But is there really a unique “Nordic Supermodel”, unshaken by the glo…
Immigrants, Labour Market Performance and Social Insurance
Using longitudinal data from the date of arrival, we study long‐term labour market and social insurance outcomes for all major immigrant cohorts to Norway since 1970. Immigrants from high‐income countries performed as natives, while labour migrants from low‐income source countries had declining employment rates and increasing disability programme participation over the lifecycle. Refugees and family migrants assimilated during the initial period …
Fagbrev i voksen alder: Vocational qualifications in adulthood
Nordic Economic Policy Review
What can we learn from each other and others? Since the mid-eighties the Nordic countries have received a high influx of refugees relative to the population size. Currently these countries receive large numbers of refugees, notably from the Middle East. Existing studies exploiting the rich administrative registers in the Nordic countries have shown that the speed of labour market assimilation of immigrants from non-Western countries in the Nordic…
Job Loss and Immigrant Labour Market Performance
While integration policies typically focus on labour market entry, we present evidence showing that immigrants from low‐income countries tend to have more precarious jobs, and face more severe consequences of job loss, than natives. For immigrant workers in the Norwegian private sector, the probability of job loss in the near future is more than twice that of native workers. Using corporate bankruptcy filings for identification, we find that the …
Welfare Activation and Youth Crime
We evaluate the impact on youth crime of a welfare reform that tightened activation requirements for social assistance clients. The evaluation strategy exploits administrative individual data in combination with geographically differentiated implementation of the reform. We find that the reform reduced crime among teenage boys from economically disadvantaged families. Stronger reform effects on weekday versus weekend crime, reduced school dropout…
Adult Vocational Qualifications Reduce the Social Gradient in Education
Many youth leave school early without an upper secondary education, impeding their chances in the labor market. Early school leavers come disproportionately from families with low parental education. In some countries, there are alternative routes to upper secondary qualifications as adults. Does adult attainment reduce initial social differences in educational attainment, or does it reinforce such differences? Norway is one of the countries wher…
Economic returns to adult vocational qualifications
Some countries have certifying institutions for competence acquired at the workplace. These institutions provide incentives for workplace training that may have favourable effects on productivity, earnings and labour market participation. We present evidence on the earnings effects of attaining vocational qualifications in adulthood through two alternative routes: (1) apprenticeship and (2) recognition and testing of vocational competence acquire…
Excess churn in integrated labor markets
Impact of the School Environment on Medical Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Wide Register Data Study of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most heritable psychiatric childhood disorders, social and gene–environment interactions seemingly play an important role in the etiology of ADHD. Consistent with this, this study finds that School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) reduced the likelihood of pharmacotherapeutic treatment for ADHD at age 14–16 by 12%, using population-wide Norwegian reg…
Trends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomes
We study assortative mating of Norwegian parents over five decades and its consequences for offspring outcomes. Parents are characterised by the earnings decile of their parents (the offspring's grandparents) as an indicator of social class. While assortative mating has remained stable across decades, parenthood has become more skewed toward the higher classes. Examining the influence on offspring education and employment, we find that the margin…
Birth Order and Voter Turnout
Previous studies have stressed the role of a child's family environment for future political participation. This field of research has, however, overlooked that children within the same family have different experiences depending on their birth order. First-borns spend their first years of life without having to compete over their parents' attention and resources, while their younger siblings are born into potential rivalry. We examine difference…
Socioeconomic differences in the long-term effects of teacher absence on student outcomes
School teachers' sickness absence has been shown to affect student achievement in the short run. However, we know little about whether socioeconomic backgrounds may compensate for reductions in instructional quality and to what extent teacher absence effects persist over time. This paper examines the socioeconomic differences in the short- and long-term effects of teacher absence. We use population-wide Norwegian register data to study the effect…
Every tenth child: Heterogeneity in characteristics and life-course patterns among children in contact with child welfare services
Every tenth Norwegian child has been in contact with the child welfare services (CWS) before age 18. This paper describes the variation in background characteristics of CWS children with different types of services and their life-course patterns from ages 10 to 25, compared to other children. We use high-quality population-wide Norwegian register data, covering about 860 000 children from birth cohorts 1987–2001, of which roughly 85 000 have rece…
Evaluating compliance gains of expanding tax enforcement
This paper demonstrates how tax administrations can evaluate future compliance gains from risk‐based tax enforcement that audits all taxpayers above a risk threshold. Expanding tax enforcement in this setting means reducing the audit threshold. The compliance gains from such an expansion consist of a mechanical audit correction effect and a behavioural effect that reflects changes in self‐reporting in the subsequent years. We estimate this behavi…
Social gradients in employment during and after the Covid-19 pandemic
We examine employment effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Norway from March 2020 through June 2022: during the initial lockdown, through the subsequent recovery, and after the dust had settled. While we identify large and socially skewed effects of the crisis through its early phases, we find no long-term effects on employees exposed to early risk of job loss. For those employed at the onset of the pandemic, both the level and the socioeconomic com…
Economics (17 works) · Demographic economics (13 works) · Political science (12 works) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (8 works) · Labour economics (8 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Economic growth (7 works) · Norwegian (7 works) · Earnings (6 works)