Manuel Llorca‐jaña
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 105558 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Manuel Llorca‐jaña |
| NOMBRES | Manuel |
| APELLIDO | Llorca‐jaña |
| FIRMA | JAÑA M L |
| AFILIACIONES | Universidad de Santiago de Chile |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3937-6035 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Secular Trends in Birth Weight in Chile and Its Regions Between 1990 and 2021
OBJECTIVE: The objective is to analyze secular trends in birth weight (BW) for Chile from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the mean BW and low birth weight (LBW) prevalence, and to assess differences across Chilean regions. METHODS: Our sample, obtained from the Chilean National Statistics Office, contains information on 7 822 975 births, including the total births that took place in Chile from 1990 to 2021. We calculated mean BW and LBW prevalence at a…
Miracle Drugs’ versus State Bureaucracy and Regulations
This article deals with the impact of the early introduction of sulpha drugs and antibiotics in Chile before mass production. Sulphonamides were swiftly introduced in the late 1930s since they were cheap and widely available. Mortality rates for infectious diseases that could be treated with sulpha drugs declined quickly. However, the equivalent impact of penicillin and other antibiotics on reducing mortality for other infectious diseases took lo…
Poor Sanitation, Deaths, and Regional Inequality in Twentieth-Century Chile
Although Chile experienced a rapid epidemiological transition, high mortality linked to waterborne diseases persisted. The prevention of gastrointestinal illnesses was expensive, so mortality rates varied across geographical areas. The public expenditure on sanitation was insufficient and distributed unevenly across Chile. Before the late 1960s, the probability of dying from diarrhea could be up to twelve times higher in rural areas than in urban…
Potabilizando el agua en Chile
El artículo describe, por primera vez, la naturaleza y temporalidad de la introducción de la filtración y la cloración de agua para consumo humano en Chile. Ambos fueron procesos indispensables para asegurar la potabilidad del agua entregada por cañerías a la población, así como en la batalla para evitar altas tasas de mortalidad general e infantil. Entre mediados de los años 1920 e inicios de los 1930, el estado chileno aseguró la cloración casi…
The politics of direct taxation in Chile, 1870s-1890s
This article deals with a fiscal reform implemented in Chile during the late 1870s, when the country was suffering a severe economic and fiscal crisis, on the eve of the War of the Pacific. In 1879, the Chilean government introduced a new set of direct levies, taxing inheritance, income and wealth, despite the historic resistance of most of the economic elites to direct taxation in a highly unequal society. The process also shows that not all the…
Carlos Marichal (2021). El nacimiento de la banca en América Latina
Sin resumen
La temporalidad de la transición epidemiológica en Chile, 1862-2018
Este artículo analiza la naturaleza y temporalidad de la transición epidemiológica (TE) en Chile, prestando especial atención a la composición de las causas de muerte en dicho país desde 1862 hasta el 2018. La evidencia aportada en este artículo permite establecer que la TE efectivamente ocurrió en Chile bajo el modelo “contemporáneo-tardío”, a lo que podríamos agregar el adjetivo “acelerado”. Nuestros resultados destacan lo reciente de la supera…
Britain's Involvement in Chile's Cambiaso Mutiny, 1851–2
In mid-1851 a civil war erupted in Chile following a presidential election in which Manuel Montt defeated José María de la Cruz. Many of Cruz's supporters were sent to the distant penal colony of Magallanes. In November 1851, Lieutenant Miguel José Cambiaso, who was part of the garrison, was jailed for insubordination and subsequently led a bloody mutiny disguised as a revolt by Cruz's supporters. The mutiny is familiar to historians of the perio…
Human capital in Chile
This paper studies the evolution of numeracy in Chile for cohorts born from the 1780s to the 1970s, providing a new series of this important indicator of human capital, essential to promote economic growth. This is the longest series currently available of any human capital indicator for Chile. It shows that numeracy was very low until the early twentieth century but that, contrary to traditional interpretations, it increased gradually from the 1…
La temporalidad y naturaleza de la transición nutricional en Chile, 1930-2019
In this article we provide the first long-term series of Chile’s per capita consumption of a wide range of key foodstuffs: cereals, legumes, potatoes, meats and dairy products from 1930 to 2019, based on food balance sheets and complementary information from FAO, consumer price indexes and surveys of family budget. Based on this information, we examined and characterised the timing and nature of Chile’s nutrition transition (NT), concluding that …
Immigration and Entrepreneurship in Chile during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Based on census records (both of total population and commercial-industrial), and an extensive review and synthesis of the secondary literature, this article analyses the importance and impact of immigration on the economic development of Chile, in particular on entrepreneurship and the changing composition of the main business groups of the country. We provide a sketch of the main entrepreneurs among the immigrant groups, according to countries …
Interpersonal Violence in Chile, c. 1880s–2010s
We analyze the evolution of homicide rates in Chile, as a proxy of interpersonal violence, from the 1880s to the 2010s. Homicides rates are the best measure of a country’s personal security, and a key variable of well-being. We found that the homicides rates were high during the late nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. From the 1930s homicide rates started to decline initially gradually, but then sharply during the …
Succession in large nineteenth-century Chilean family businesses
This article analyses the process of succession in three large Chilean family businesses between c.1860s-1940s, whose combined wealth was 10% of Chilean GDP. Although there is no general theory of succession planning in family firms, the most common reasons for why succession fails or succeeds have been identified in the specialised literature. We have contrasted the evidence we found in our three case studies against the theories available. The …
Adult Female Height and the Gender Gap in Chile, 1860s-1990s
Analysis of a sample of around 4,600 women born between the 1860s and the 1990s finds that the height of adult females increased by about 5 cm, primarily from the 1860s to the 1880s and during the second half of the twentieth century-representing the greatest known improvement in women's biological welfare in Chilean history. Chilean women have never been as tall as they are today. The secular height increase was higher for men than for women, bu…
Height in twentieth-century Chilean men
Malnutrition Rates in Chile from the Nitrate Era to the 1990s
Following Salvatore and the WHO, in this article, we provide the first long-term estimates of malnutrition rates for Chile per birth cohort, measured through stunting rates of adult males born from the 1870s to the 1990s. We used a large sample of military records, representative of the whole Chilean population, totalling over 38 thousand individuals. Our data suggest that stunting rates were very high for those born between the last three decade…
Inequality, low-intensity immigration and human capital formation in the regions of Chile, 1820-1939
The incorporation of women into the public sector in Chile, 1860–1930
The incorporation of women into the public arena has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars in public administration. Yet there has been little analysis of this phenomenon from a long-term perspective. This article is an evaluation of the integration of women into the public sector in Chile from the mid-nineteenth century to the Great Depression, c.1860–1930. Based on the national budget and statistical yearbooks, the article provides t…
The Development of the Casino Industry in Chile
This article provides an account of the development of the casino industry in Chile. For most of the 1930s up to the 1980s the industry remained stagnant and restricted to a few locations. From 1990 the industry grew, but in particular after 2005 following a new law that permitted the creation of new casinos in all regions, with the main aim of promoting tourism. The new casinos had to operate as part of an “integral project,” which included siza…
El rol de Chile en la primera globalización del cobre, 1700-1840
Este artículo estudia la posición de Chile dentro de las redes mundiales de cobre entre 1700 y la década de 1840. Durante este periodo, los niveles de producción eran bajos, si se los compara con los de 1850-1870 y el siglo XX, debido tanto a las pobres técnicas de extracción y refinado como a los altos costos de transporte. Sin embargo, el cobre chileno fue consumido dentro de Chile, en mercados cercanos como Perú, Bolivia y Argentina, y tambié…
Chile’s National Electricity Company (Endesa)
Este artículo proporciona un detallado análisis del proceso de electrificación de una economía atrasada. El caso analizado es Chile como evolucionó desde menos de 130kWh per habitante, con una base eléctrica dominada por centrales térmicas y un reducido desarrollo del sector público, a consumir por encima de 800 kWh, principalmente por centrales hidroeléctricas, que contribuyeron decisivamente los niveles de vida de la población. Este cambio fue …
Height of Male Prisoners in Santiago de Chile during the Nitrate Era
This article contributes to the study of inequality in the biological welfare of Chile's adult population during the nitrate era, ca. 1880s-1930s, and in particular focuses on the impact of socioeconomic variables on height, making use of a sample of over 20,000 male inmates of the capital's main jail. It shows that inmates with a university degree were taller than the rest; that those born legitimate were taller in adulthood; that those (Chilean…
Milk and meat consumption and production in Chile, c. 1930-2017
This article shows how Chile experienced a profound nutrition transition within a short period of time. Before the early 1990s, the diet of most Chileans was poor in animal proteins and calcium. Today, Chileans enjoy a diet characterized by high consumption of meat and dairy products. The rapid rise in consumption of these products can be attributed to various factors: Chile belatedly joining the international agribusiness revolution; government …
The Demographic Consequences of the End of Chile's Nitrate Boom, c .1907–1940
This article deals with the demographic consequences of the end of Chile's nitrate boom following the 1929 crisis. The traditional economic historiography has maintained that this crisis impacted heavily on nitrate production, and that in turn the crisis triggered a permanent exodus from the nitrate districts to other geographical zones. Contrary to this widely held belief, we have shown in this article that: there was no substantial fall in prod…
Women Agrarian Entrepreneurs And Gender Inequality In The Chilean Rural Sector After Independence From Spain, 1830s-1860s1
We provide the first estimates of gender income and land inequality in Chile during the first decades after independence, when Chile was a predominantly agrarian society. We have used a new source: the records of the first agricultural censuses ever made for any Latin American republic. We found that there were over six times more male landowners than women, and that male owners gathered up to 87% of total agricultural income (of those paying the…
Shaping Globalization
This article argues that entrepreneurs, not governments or markets, shaped globalization during the early nineteenth century. The article concentrates on the trading and financial activities of London merchant bankers, and in particular on the different diversification strategies they followed. Although most London merchant bankers remained cautious and did not diversify their operations either geographically or in the products they traded during…
Milk and meat consumption and production in Chile, c. 1930-2017
This article shows how Chile experienced a profound nutrition transition within a short period of time. Before the early 1990s, the diet of most Chileans was poor in animal proteins and calcium. Today, Chileans enjoy a diet characterized by high consumption of meat and dairy products. The rapid rise in consumption of these products can be attributed to various factors: Chile belatedly joining the international agribusiness revolution; government …
The Chilean Economy during the 1810-1830s and its Entry into the World Economy
This article discusses Chile's entry into the international economy, the performance of the national economy and institutional change during the 1810-1830s. It argues that the country consolidated a successful process of entry into the expanding world economy. GDP per capita was poor, but alternative indicators suggest a more optimistic picture (e.g., agricultural, copper and silver production increased, population grew and terms of trade improve…
To be Waterproof or to be soaked
The literature on Anglo-South American trade during the first half of the 19 th century has taken British exports for granted. There are no specific considerations of textile exports, which were the backbone of British trade to the continent. Accordingly, when explaining the growth of British exports, historians have paid tribute solely to economic developments in South America. Important developments taking place in Britain have long been neglec…
La temporalidad y naturaleza de la transición nutricional en Chile, 1930-2019
In this article we provide the first long-term series of Chile’s per capita consumption of a wide range of key foodstuffs: cereals, legumes, potatoes, meats and dairy products from 1930 to 2019, based on food balance sheets and complementary information from FAO, consumer price indexes and surveys of family budget. Based on this information, we examined and characterised the timing and nature of Chile’s nutrition transition (NT), concluding that …
The organisation of British textile exports to the River Plate and Chile
During c. 1810–59 over 260 British merchant houses operated in the River Plate or Chile, and many more in the rest of Latin America. These were times when Anglo-Latin American economic relations remained largely commercial, since the region was an important commercial partner of Britain. British investment was unimportant during this period in the region. The main economic activity of these mercantile houses was the import of textiles in exchange…
The Physical Stature of Men in 19 Th -Century Chile
This article provides the first series of adult male height for 19 th -century Chile. Our aim was not only to assess the trends indicated by height during this period, but also the relationship between stature and both GDP per capita and exports. Having analysed our data, our primary conclusion is that there was a reduction in height for cohorts born in the 1850s and 1860s with respect to cohorts born between 1820 and 1840. Height stagnated there…
The Dynamics and Determinants of Slave Prices in an Urban Setting
This paper provides the first survey of slave prices for Santiago de Chile, c . 1773-1822. It also establishes the main determinants of slave prices during this period. We gathered and analysed over 3,800 sale operations. Our series confirm the usual inverted U-shape when prices are plotted against age, and that age was a very important determinant of slave prices. We also found that: female slaves were systematically priced over male slaves, qui…
The politics of direct taxation in Chile, 1870s-1890s
This article deals with a fiscal reform implemented in Chile during the late 1870s, when the country was suffering a severe economic and fiscal crisis, on the eve of the War of the Pacific. In 1879, the Chilean government introduced a new set of direct levies, taxing inheritance, income and wealth, despite the historic resistance of most of the economic elites to direct taxation in a highly unequal society. The process also shows that not all the…
La temporalidad de la transición epidemiológica en Chile, 1862-2018
Este artículo analiza la naturaleza y temporalidad de la transición epidemiológica (TE) en Chile, prestando especial atención a la composición de las causas de muerte en dicho país desde 1862 hasta el 2018. La evidencia aportada en este artículo permite establecer que la TE efectivamente ocurrió en Chile bajo el modelo “contemporáneo-tardío”, a lo que podríamos agregar el adjetivo “acelerado”. Nuestros resultados destacan lo reciente de la supera…
Immigration and Entrepreneurship in Chile during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Based on census records (both of total population and commercial-industrial), and an extensive review and synthesis of the secondary literature, this article analyses the importance and impact of immigration on the economic development of Chile, in particular on entrepreneurship and the changing composition of the main business groups of the country. We provide a sketch of the main entrepreneurs among the immigrant groups, according to countries …
The incorporation of women into the public sector in Chile, 1860–1930
The incorporation of women into the public arena has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars in public administration. Yet there has been little analysis of this phenomenon from a long-term perspective. This article is an evaluation of the integration of women into the public sector in Chile from the mid-nineteenth century to the Great Depression, c.1860–1930. Based on the national budget and statistical yearbooks, the article provides t…
Inequality in Chile before the first globalization
This article assesses agricultural market income inequality by examining three untapped comprehensive agricultural censuses of all of Chile, undertaken in 1834, 1838 and 1852. Since there had been no Chilean income inequality measurements prior to 1860, this is a novel contribution. Given Chile’s great dependence on the agricultural sector during the pre-industrial period of the 1830s to 1850s, measures of agricultural market income inequality ca…
British Merchants in New Markets
In 1808, after the Portuguese royal family was forced to leave Portugal and move to Brazil, Brazilian ports were opened to British merchant houses, which were quick to open offices in the likes of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1810 there were probably over 200 British merchant houses operating in Brazil, but we know very little about them because most of their historical records have not survived. In addition, scholars have assumed that, on accoun…
Knowing the shape of demand
British textile exporters have supplied South America since well before the Napoleonic Wars. However, only from the 1810s onwards did British merchants establish houses in the region, quickly mastering the market. As far as the demand for coarse cloaks was concerned, both creoles and natives stuck firmly to ponchos. Because of the intrinsic characteristics of ponchos, local demand led British supply and, in an innovative process of adaptation, Br…
Interpersonal Violence in Chile, c. 1880s–2010s
We analyze the evolution of homicide rates in Chile, as a proxy of interpersonal violence, from the 1880s to the 2010s. Homicides rates are the best measure of a country’s personal security, and a key variable of well-being. We found that the homicides rates were high during the late nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. From the 1930s homicide rates started to decline initially gradually, but then sharply during the …
Succession in large nineteenth-century Chilean family businesses
This article analyses the process of succession in three large Chilean family businesses between c.1860s-1940s, whose combined wealth was 10% of Chilean GDP. Although there is no general theory of succession planning in family firms, the most common reasons for why succession fails or succeeds have been identified in the specialised literature. We have contrasted the evidence we found in our three case studies against the theories available. The …
The Development of the Casino Industry in Chile
This article provides an account of the development of the casino industry in Chile. For most of the 1930s up to the 1980s the industry remained stagnant and restricted to a few locations. From 1990 the industry grew, but in particular after 2005 following a new law that permitted the creation of new casinos in all regions, with the main aim of promoting tourism. The new casinos had to operate as part of an “integral project,” which included siza…
The Demographic Consequences of the End of Chile's Nitrate Boom, c .1907–1940
This article deals with the demographic consequences of the end of Chile's nitrate boom following the 1929 crisis. The traditional economic historiography has maintained that this crisis impacted heavily on nitrate production, and that in turn the crisis triggered a permanent exodus from the nitrate districts to other geographical zones. Contrary to this widely held belief, we have shown in this article that: there was no substantial fall in prod…
Women Agrarian Entrepreneurs And Gender Inequality In The Chilean Rural Sector After Independence From Spain, 1830s-1860s1
We provide the first estimates of gender income and land inequality in Chile during the first decades after independence, when Chile was a predominantly agrarian society. We have used a new source: the records of the first agricultural censuses ever made for any Latin American republic. We found that there were over six times more male landowners than women, and that male owners gathered up to 87% of total agricultural income (of those paying the…
Of “Savages,” Shipwrecks and Seamen
Knowing the shape of demand
British textile exporters have supplied South America since well before the Napoleonic Wars. However, only from the 1810s onwards did British merchants establish houses in the region, quickly mastering the market. As far as the demand for coarse cloaks was concerned, both creoles and natives stuck firmly to ponchos. Because of the intrinsic characteristics of ponchos, local demand led British supply and, in an innovative process of adaptation, Br…
Experiments in financial democracy
To be Waterproof or to be soaked
The literature on Anglo-South American trade during the first half of the 19 th century has taken British exports for granted. There are no specific considerations of textile exports, which were the backbone of British trade to the continent. Accordingly, when explaining the growth of British exports, historians have paid tribute solely to economic developments in South America. Important developments taking place in Britain have long been neglec…
The organisation of British textile exports to the River Plate and Chile
During c. 1810–59 over 260 British merchant houses operated in the River Plate or Chile, and many more in the rest of Latin America. These were times when Anglo-Latin American economic relations remained largely commercial, since the region was an important commercial partner of Britain. British investment was unimportant during this period in the region. The main economic activity of these mercantile houses was the import of textiles in exchange…
The British Textile Trade in South America in the Nineteenth Century
This is the first work on British textile exports to South America during the nineteenth century. During this period, textiles ranked among the most important manufactures traded in the world market and Britain was the foremost producer. Thanks to new data, this book demonstrates that British exports to South America were transacted at very high rates during the first decades after independence. This development was due to improvements in the pac…
Of “Savages,” Shipwrecks and Seamen
British trade with Spanish America, 1763–1808
British trade with Spanish America, 1763–1808, by Adrian Pearce, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2007, xxxviii + 320 pp., £50.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-84631-113-0 Although dealing with a di
A History of the Cuban Revolution
This book is a useful textbook for undergraduate students and a welcome addition to the historiography on the Cuban Revolution. I would even strongly recommend it to any tourist visiting the island since it is concise, very well written, and easy to digest. Despite Chomsky’s sympathies for the Cuban Revolution, her account provides a balanced history of Cuba after 1959.The book contains an introduction and eight chapters covering a wide range of …
Connections and Networks in Spain of a London Merchant-Banker, 1800-1850
This paper deals with Anglo-Spanish trade and finances for the period c. 1810-1850. It concentrates on the business activities of a London merchant bank (Huth & Co. or Huth) with Spain during this period by paying special attention to the support given by Huth to the many bilateral trades between Spain and Britain in which the company participated. It also focuses on the support given by Huth to much trade in and out of Spanish ports but which di…
British Merchants in New Markets
In 1808, after the Portuguese royal family was forced to leave Portugal and move to Brazil, Brazilian ports were opened to British merchant houses, which were quick to open offices in the likes of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1810 there were probably over 200 British merchant houses operating in Brazil, but we know very little about them because most of their historical records have not survived. In addition, scholars have assumed that, on accoun…
Latin America since Independence. A History with Primary Sources - by Dawson, Alexander
Shaping Globalization
This article argues that entrepreneurs, not governments or markets, shaped globalization during the early nineteenth century. The article concentrates on the trading and financial activities of London merchant bankers, and in particular on the different diversification strategies they followed. Although most London merchant bankers remained cautious and did not diversify their operations either geographically or in the products they traded during…
The Dynamics and Determinants of Slave Prices in an Urban Setting
This paper provides the first survey of slave prices for Santiago de Chile, c . 1773-1822. It also establishes the main determinants of slave prices during this period. We gathered and analysed over 3,800 sale operations. Our series confirm the usual inverted U-shape when prices are plotted against age, and that age was a very important determinant of slave prices. We also found that: female slaves were systematically priced over male slaves, qui…
The Chilean Economy during the 1810-1830s and its Entry into the World Economy
This article discusses Chile's entry into the international economy, the performance of the national economy and institutional change during the 1810-1830s. It argues that the country consolidated a successful process of entry into the expanding world economy. GDP per capita was poor, but alternative indicators suggest a more optimistic picture (e.g., agricultural, copper and silver production increased, population grew and terms of trade improve…
Height in eighteenth-century Chilean men
Chiloé, una sociedad rural igualitaria. Distribución del ingreso agrícola y de la tierra después de la independencia
Este artculo analiza la distribucin del ingreso agrcola y de la tierra en Chilo entre c.1830 y los aos 1850, comparando ambas variables con el resto de las provincias chilenas, en un periodo insuficientemente tratado en la literatura especializada. Para ello hemos empleado informacin procedente de fuentes escasamente utilizadas en la historiografa agraria, especialmente el Catastro Agrcola. A partir del mismo, hemos construido y procesado una bas…
Inequality in Chile before the first globalization
This article assesses agricultural market income inequality by examining three untapped comprehensive agricultural censuses of all of Chile, undertaken in 1834, 1838 and 1852. Since there had been no Chilean income inequality measurements prior to 1860, this is a novel contribution. Given Chile’s great dependence on the agricultural sector during the pre-industrial period of the 1830s to 1850s, measures of agricultural market income inequality ca…
New anthropometric evidence on living standards in nineteenth-century Chile
The Physical Stature of Men in 19 Th -Century Chile
This article provides the first series of adult male height for 19 th -century Chile. Our aim was not only to assess the trends indicated by height during this period, but also the relationship between stature and both GDP per capita and exports. Having analysed our data, our primary conclusion is that there was a reduction in height for cohorts born in the 1850s and 1860s with respect to cohorts born between 1820 and 1840. Height stagnated there…
Antropometría histórica de Chile
The average height of a population has been recently taken as a good indicator of biological welfare, andtherefore of standards of living and economic development. This article provides the first available seriesfor Chile, providing the evolution of the average height of Chilean soldiers (male) born from the 1730sto the 1980s, using a sample of 6.200 individuals. This sample can be safely taken as a good proxy ofthe average height of Chilean male…
El rol de Chile en la primera globalización del cobre, 1700-1840
Este artículo estudia la posición de Chile dentro de las redes mundiales de cobre entre 1700 y la década de 1840. Durante este periodo, los niveles de producción eran bajos, si se los compara con los de 1850-1870 y el siglo XX, debido tanto a las pobres técnicas de extracción y refinado como a los altos costos de transporte. Sin embargo, el cobre chileno fue consumido dentro de Chile, en mercados cercanos como Perú, Bolivia y Argentina, y tambié…
Chile’s National Electricity Company (Endesa)
Este artículo proporciona un detallado análisis del proceso de electrificación de una economía atrasada. El caso analizado es Chile como evolucionó desde menos de 130kWh per habitante, con una base eléctrica dominada por centrales térmicas y un reducido desarrollo del sector público, a consumir por encima de 800 kWh, principalmente por centrales hidroeléctricas, que contribuyeron decisivamente los niveles de vida de la población. Este cambio fue …
Height of Male Prisoners in Santiago de Chile during the Nitrate Era
This article contributes to the study of inequality in the biological welfare of Chile's adult population during the nitrate era, ca. 1880s-1930s, and in particular focuses on the impact of socioeconomic variables on height, making use of a sample of over 20,000 male inmates of the capital's main jail. It shows that inmates with a university degree were taller than the rest; that those born legitimate were taller in adulthood; that those (Chilean…
Milk and meat consumption and production in Chile, c. 1930-2017
This article shows how Chile experienced a profound nutrition transition within a short period of time. Before the early 1990s, the diet of most Chileans was poor in animal proteins and calcium. Today, Chileans enjoy a diet characterized by high consumption of meat and dairy products. The rapid rise in consumption of these products can be attributed to various factors: Chile belatedly joining the international agribusiness revolution; government …
The Demographic Consequences of the End of Chile's Nitrate Boom, c .1907–1940
This article deals with the demographic consequences of the end of Chile's nitrate boom following the 1929 crisis. The traditional economic historiography has maintained that this crisis impacted heavily on nitrate production, and that in turn the crisis triggered a permanent exodus from the nitrate districts to other geographical zones. Contrary to this widely held belief, we have shown in this article that: there was no substantial fall in prod…
Economics (27 obras) · Geography (24 obras) · Political science (23 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (14 obras) · Population (14 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Demography (13 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Economy (11 obras) · Law (11 obras)