Marc Gertz
Biographic Data
| ID | 105589 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marc Gertz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marc |
| FAMILY NAME | Gertz |
| SIGNATURE | GERTZ M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Florida State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1060 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Group Threat, Racial/Ethnic Animus, and Punitiveness in Latin America: A Multilevel Analysis
The group threat perspective has been tested with regard to a variety of social control outcomes, including public support for punitive crime control policies. However, little work has explored possible interactive effects between macro-level racial/ethnic contexts, individual-level racial/ethnic animus, and race/ethnicity on punitive attitudes, and none of this research has been conducted outside the United States. The current study is the first…
The Social Context of Latino Threat and Punitive Latino Sentiment
Social Problems, Volume 62, Issue 1, February 2015, Pages 68–92, doi:10.1093/socpro/spu002 Published: 07 February 2015 The Editors have been alerted by a reader about concerns on the data underlying the above paper. The Editors have contacted the authors, with whom they are communicating to address specific concerns. In the interim, this Expression of Concern should be taken to indicate that the data presented in the article named above may not b…
The Blurred ‘Blue line’: A cross-national comparison of the sources of public support for extralegal policing
Prior research addressing extralegal policing has focussed on the types of individuals most affected by these practices (i.e. disadvantaged minorities and police officers) as a means to improve conditions for these populations. Although these studies are critical for educating the public and informing criminal justice policy, there remains a noteworthy gap in the literature related to the types of political and sociocultural circumstances under w…
Economic anxieties, fear of crime, and punitive attitudes in Latin America
Using data from the 2012 AmericasBarometer survey collected in nine Latin American countries ( n = 14,705), this study examines two theoretically relevant potential sources of punitiveness: economic anxiety and fear of crime. Focusing on these two sources, we explore whether the public opinion dynamics often highlighted by punitiveness scholars also apply to the Latin American context and can thus be of value to explain recent movements towards p…
Crime in College Predicts Violent Crime in the National Football League
The relationship between past and future crime is one of the most robust findings within criminology. Yet, there have been few attempts to examine whether this linkage holds in specific employment arenas. In this study, we consider the relationship between past and future crime within the context of the National Football League (NFL). Specifically, we assess whether there is a relationship between pre-NFL arrests and arrests while playing in the …
Environmental Risk Exposure, Risk Perception, Political Ideology and Support for Climate Policy
The degree to which risk perceptions are socially constructed versus the result of actual exposure to risk is highly contested; how risk exposure and risk perception influence policy attitudes is also poorly understood. We examine how personal exposure to risk factors impacts risk perceptions and policy support related to air pollution and climate change. Our selection of risk exposure variables is informed by the “mental models” literature, and …
Years Later: Post 9/11 support for increased security and criminalizing muslims
Islamophobia appears to be growing, becoming a mainstream ideology in the United States. Despite the current spike in anti-Islamic sentiment and fear of the Islamic “other,” these ideas are not new and can be traced back to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Using survey data collected only months after the attacks (N = 422), this study uses an integrated threat framework to examine predictors of public support for increased security in t…
What Happens on the Field Stays on the Field: Exploring the Link between Football Player Penalties and Criminal Arrests
Research in organizations has tended to focus only on performance in the workplace and until recently has not paid much attention to behavior outside of the workplace. Conversely, the limited research on crime in the National Football League (NFL), the type of organization we study, has focused largely on misbehavior off-the-field. We confluence these lines of research by focusing on both on-duty and off-duty behaviors. We examine the relationshi…
The Scary World of Online News? Internet News Exposure and Public Attitudes Toward Crime and Justice
Are NFL Arrestees Violent Specialists or High Frequency Offenders or Both
Although recent research showed that NFL players have a higher violent crime arrest rate, it remains unclear whether, at the individual-level, NFL players who are arrested are specializing in violent crimes or whether their involvement in violence is driven largely by their high frequency of offending. Using two publically available databases on NFL player arrests, our results show that high frequency offending is rare among the arrested NFL play…
Examining External Support Received in Prison and Concerns About Reentry Among Incarcerated Women
Few studies have examined whether social ties influence concerns about reentry among women in prison. Given that a systematic understanding of reentry has the potential to inform research and policy efforts to assist women with transition, this gap is limiting. Our study addresses this void by testing whether social support affects reentry concerns (family, employment, financial, and stigma) among incarcerated women. Results indicate that visits …
The National Felon League: A comparison of NFL arrests to general population arrests
Retracted: The Social Context of Latino Threat and Punitive Latino Sentiment
Journal Article Retracted: The Social Context of Latino Threat and Punitive Latino Sentiment Get access Eric A. Stewart, Eric A. Stewart 1 Florida State University and 2 Northeastern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ramiro Martinez, Jr., Ramiro Martinez, Jr. 1 Florida State University and 2 Northeastern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scho…
Shared Race/Ethnicity, Court Procedural Justice, and Self-Regulating Beliefs: A Study of Female Offenders
Using survey data from a sample of white, black, and Hispanic incarcerated females (N = 554), we examine if the theoretically hypothesized and empirically demonstrated relationship between procedural justice and obligation to obey the law is substantiated among a sample of offenders and explore the impact that sharing the race/ethnicity of the defense attorney and prosecutor in their most recent conviction has on female inmates' perceptions of co…
Undocumented Immigrant Threat and Support for Social Controls
Popular support for enhanced border and internal controls to deal with undocumented immigration is examined in relation to contextual measures of group threat as well as perceived levels of cultural and economic threat posed by undocumented immigrants. Results from a national survey of non-Latino respondents (N = 1,364) indicate that presumed threatening context measured in static terms is inconsequential. But when context is measured in dynamic …
Racial Crime Stereotypes and Offender Juvenility: Comparing Public Views About Youth-Specific and Nonyouth-Specific Sanctions
Recent theoretical advancements of the racial threat model of punitiveness suggest that because youthful offending has driven crime trends in recent decades, and because racially exclusive conceptions of childhood have historically structured public opinion on juvenile justice, Black criminal stereotypes may be especially consequential for attitudes toward juvenile punishments. Building on this work, the current study uses national survey data to…
The racial foundations of whites' support for child saving
The Ethnic Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Attitudes: An Exploratory Analysis of Arabs in Israel
Social threat theorists posit that the mere presence of racial or ethnic minorities induces a fear of crime that increases punitive attitudes and mobilizes mechanisms of social control. This study extends T. Chiricos, K. Welch, and M. Gertz's (2004) work on the racial typification of crime by examining intraethnic threat by utilizing a sample of Arabs in Israel. Results indicate that the ethnic typification of crime was not significantly associat…
Racial Threat and Opposition to the Re-Enfranchisement of Ex-Felons
Prior research demonstrates that racial threat is related to the time, place and severity of disenfranchisement laws for ex-felons. This study builds on that work by examining whether perceived racial threat helps to account for public opposition to the abolition of disenfranchisement policies. To do this, we draw on interview data from a survey of 1,575 Florida adults randomly sampled in 2005. Perceived racial composition of neighborhood and the…
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Whites’ Perceptions of Victimization Risk: Do Racial Stereotypes Matter
Recent theoretical extensions of threat theory have posited that Whites frequently view Blacks as a criminal threat because of stereotypes linking race and crime. Several studies have found indirect support for this hypothesis and have shown that the percentage of neighborhood residents who are Black is positively associated with the perceptions of victimization risk and fear of crime by White residents. To date, however, little research has inve…
Race, Punishment, and the Michael Vick Experience
Objective. The relationship between race and crime has been contentious, focusing primarily on offending and incarceration patterns among minorities. There has been some limited work on public perceptions of criminal punishment, and findings show that while minorities believe in the role and rule of law, they simultaneously perceive the justice system as acting in a biased and/or unfair manner. Two limitations have stalled this literature. First,…
Retracted: Ethnic Threat and Social Control: Examining Public Support for Judicial Use of Ethnicity in Punishment
Research on social inequality in punishment has focused for a long time on the complex relationship among race, ethnicity, and criminal sentencing, with a particular interest in the theoretical importance that group threat plays in the exercise of social control in society. Prior research typically relies on aggregate measures of group threat and focuses on racial rather than on ethnic group composition. The current study uses data from a nationa…
What about the environment? Assessing the perceived seriousness of environmental crime
Environmental sociologists argue that the public has grown increasingly concerned about environmental issues. Yet, little is known about public perceptions of environmental offenses and if these offenses are viewed as serious crimes. This study utilizes survey data from a national random sample of households (N = 876) and examines: (1) if environmental offenses are perceived as serious crimes; (2) how environmental crimes are rated in comparison …
The typification of Hispanics as criminals and support for punitive crime control policies
Punitive attitudes toward criminals: Exploring the relevance of crime salience and economic insecurity
This article examines whether and in what ways punitive attitudes toward criminals can be understood as having roots in two hypothesized sources of anxiety in western society. The first is the danger of crime and its salience and the second is economic insecurity. Both have been seen as sources of growing perceptions that the State is failing in its responsibility to provide for citizen's physical safety and economic security. Punitiveness toward…
Racial Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Measures
This paper assesses whether support for harsh punitive policies toward crime is related to the racial typification of crime for a national random sample of households (N=885), surveyed in 2002. Results from OLS regression show that the racial typification of crime is a significant predictor of punitiveness, independent of the influence of racial prejudice, conservatism, crime salience, southern residence and other factors. This relationship is sh…
Racial Composition of Neighborhood and Fear of Crime
A relationship between fear of crime and the racial composition of place has been widely assumed but seldom tested. Interviews conducted with a random sample of adults residing in a major state capital in the early months of 1994‐at the height of a media‐driven panic about violent crime‐are used to test the proposition that as the percentage of blacks in one's neighborhood increases, so too will the fear of crime. We use objective and perceptual …
Fear, Tv News, and the Reality of Crime
Data from a 1997 survey of 2, 250 Florida residents are used to assess whether and how the reality of crime influences the relationship between watching TV news and fear of crime. Local crime rates, victim experience, and perceived realism of crime news operationalize the reality of crime and are included in ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates of the TV news and fear of crime relationship. These measures of reality are also used as contexts fo…
Perceived Racial and Ethnic Composition of Neighborhood and Perceived Risk of Crime
This paper examines the relationship between perceived racial and ethnic composition of neighborhood and criminal threat, which is operationalized as the perceived risk of criminal victimization. To address this question, we use interviews with a statewide random sample of 3,000 Florida residents conducted in the fall of 1996. This is the first assessment of this issue to include Hispanics—the largest and fastest growing minority in the State—as …
Crime, News and Fear of Crime: Toward an Identification of Audience Effects
Communication studies increasingly recognize the audience's critical role in receiving and interpreting media messages. Research into audience attributes that distinguish “media effects,” on the fear of crime (FEAR) has been limited—particularly as it relates to the reception of news. This study is based on a survey of 2,092 adults in Tallahassee, Florida at the height of a media driven “panic” about violent crime. Controlling for age, gender, ra…
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Whites’ Perceptions of Victimization Risk: Do Racial Stereotypes Matter
Recent theoretical extensions of threat theory have posited that Whites frequently view Blacks as a criminal threat because of stereotypes linking race and crime. Several studies have found indirect support for this hypothesis and have shown that the percentage of neighborhood residents who are Black is positively associated with the perceptions of victimization risk and fear of crime by White residents. To date, however, little research has inve…
Punitive attitudes toward criminals: Exploring the relevance of crime salience and economic insecurity
This article examines whether and in what ways punitive attitudes toward criminals can be understood as having roots in two hypothesized sources of anxiety in western society. The first is the danger of crime and its salience and the second is economic insecurity. Both have been seen as sources of growing perceptions that the State is failing in its responsibility to provide for citizen's physical safety and economic security. Punitiveness toward…
The Missing Link in General Deterrence Research
Research on the deterrent effects of punishment falls into two categories: macro-level studies of the impact of aggregate punishment levels on crime rates, and individual-level studies of the impact of perceived punishment levels on self-reported criminal behavior. For policy purposes, however, the missing link—ignored in previous research—is that between aggregate punishment levels and individual perceptions of punishment. This paper addresses w…
The typification of Hispanics as criminals and support for punitive crime control policies
Television and Fear of Crime: Program Types, Audience Traits, and the Mediating Effect of Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition
Recent work in the area of media and fear of crime suggest that both program content and audience traits are important factors in predicting fear of crime. Working from these premises, this article explores the relationship between watching television and fear of crime among twelve different audience sub-samples and six program types. Additionally, we examine whether respondents' perception of the racial composition of their neighborhood provides…
Retracted: Ethnic Threat and Social Control: Examining Public Support for Judicial Use of Ethnicity in Punishment
Research on social inequality in punishment has focused for a long time on the complex relationship among race, ethnicity, and criminal sentencing, with a particular interest in the theoretical importance that group threat plays in the exercise of social control in society. Prior research typically relies on aggregate measures of group threat and focuses on racial rather than on ethnic group composition. The current study uses data from a nationa…
Public perceptions of white-collar crime and punishment
Shared Race/Ethnicity, Court Procedural Justice, and Self-Regulating Beliefs: A Study of Female Offenders
Using survey data from a sample of white, black, and Hispanic incarcerated females (N = 554), we examine if the theoretically hypothesized and empirically demonstrated relationship between procedural justice and obligation to obey the law is substantiated among a sample of offenders and explore the impact that sharing the race/ethnicity of the defense attorney and prosecutor in their most recent conviction has on female inmates' perceptions of co…
Economic anxieties, fear of crime, and punitive attitudes in Latin America
Using data from the 2012 AmericasBarometer survey collected in nine Latin American countries ( n = 14,705), this study examines two theoretically relevant potential sources of punitiveness: economic anxiety and fear of crime. Focusing on these two sources, we explore whether the public opinion dynamics often highlighted by punitiveness scholars also apply to the Latin American context and can thus be of value to explain recent movements towards p…
Why do people support gun control: Alternative explanations of support for handgun bans
Undocumented Immigrant Threat and Support for Social Controls
Popular support for enhanced border and internal controls to deal with undocumented immigration is examined in relation to contextual measures of group threat as well as perceived levels of cultural and economic threat posed by undocumented immigrants. Results from a national survey of non-Latino respondents (N = 1,364) indicate that presumed threatening context measured in static terms is inconsequential. But when context is measured in dynamic …
Public Opinion and the Foundation of the Juvenile Court
Over 100 years ago, juvenile courts emerged out of the belief that juveniles are different from adults—less culpable and more rehabilitatable—and can be "saved" from a life of crime and disadvantage. Today, the juvenile justice system is under attack through increasing calls to eliminate it and enactment of statutes designed to place younger offenders in the adult justice system. However, little evidence exists that policy makers have taken the f…
Retracted: The Social Context of Latino Threat and Punitive Latino Sentiment
Journal Article Retracted: The Social Context of Latino Threat and Punitive Latino Sentiment Get access Eric A. Stewart, Eric A. Stewart 1 Florida State University and 2 Northeastern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ramiro Martinez, Jr., Ramiro Martinez, Jr. 1 Florida State University and 2 Northeastern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scho…
Environmental Risk Exposure, Risk Perception, Political Ideology and Support for Climate Policy
The degree to which risk perceptions are socially constructed versus the result of actual exposure to risk is highly contested; how risk exposure and risk perception influence policy attitudes is also poorly understood. We examine how personal exposure to risk factors impacts risk perceptions and policy support related to air pollution and climate change. Our selection of risk exposure variables is informed by the “mental models” literature, and …
The racial foundations of whites' support for child saving
Race and attitudes toward the police
Racial Crime Stereotypes and Offender Juvenility: Comparing Public Views About Youth-Specific and Nonyouth-Specific Sanctions
Recent theoretical advancements of the racial threat model of punitiveness suggest that because youthful offending has driven crime trends in recent decades, and because racially exclusive conceptions of childhood have historically structured public opinion on juvenile justice, Black criminal stereotypes may be especially consequential for attitudes toward juvenile punishments. Building on this work, the current study uses national survey data to…
A Test of a Micro-Level Application of Shaming Theory
Using self-projected measures of criminal behavior obtained from a telephone survey, we investigate the predictive ability of four variables central to individual-level application of Braithwaite's shaming theory: participation in gossip, having been reintegratively shamed, having been the object of gossip, and having been stigmatically shamed. The results are partially supportive of the theory. Contrary to expectations, the theoretical inhibitor…
Racial Threat and Opposition to the Re-Enfranchisement of Ex-Felons
Prior research demonstrates that racial threat is related to the time, place and severity of disenfranchisement laws for ex-felons. This study builds on that work by examining whether perceived racial threat helps to account for public opposition to the abolition of disenfranchisement policies. To do this, we draw on interview data from a survey of 1,575 Florida adults randomly sampled in 2005. Perceived racial composition of neighborhood and the…
Variables influencing sentencing severity: Intercourt differences in Connecticut
Problems of reliability and validity in criminal justice research
Variables influencing sentencing severity: Intercourt differences in Connecticut
Prosecutorial decisionmaking in the Netherlands: A research note
Impediments to Cross-national Research: Problems of Reliability and Validity
Extrapolating from experiences in three European countries, the authors enumerate some of the practical problems in conducting criminal court research and gathering data cross-nationally. Within the context of the key concepts of validity and reliability, the impact of substantial research problems are discussed. The authors conclude that although compromises must be made, if care is taken, the compromises do not have to damage the ultimate worth…
DUI Policy: Can the United States Learn from Scandinavia
One major concern regarding the drinking and driving issue is whether actual sentencing practice reflects policy. This article examines three Danish judges from different jurisdictions in regard to sentencing DUI offenders. A comparison is made between DUI, property, and personal offences in Denmark. Results from this pilot study indicate that compared with other crimes DUI, offences are dealt with in a uniform fashion
Fear of punishment and the willingness to engage in criminal behavior: A research note
Exploring sentencing in three European cities
This research represents the results of a sentencing study conducted in three cities in Europe. The cities were chosen because they represent widely varying judicial philosophies. The question addressed is: do different formal legal attitudes impact sentencing behaviors? Data come from a randomly selected set of cases acquired from one judge in each of the three cities. The results indicate that, as in the United States, extra‐legal variable play…
Racial Composition of Neighborhood and Fear of Crime
A relationship between fear of crime and the racial composition of place has been widely assumed but seldom tested. Interviews conducted with a random sample of adults residing in a major state capital in the early months of 1994‐at the height of a media‐driven panic about violent crime‐are used to test the proposition that as the percentage of blacks in one's neighborhood increases, so too will the fear of crime. We use objective and perceptual …
Change in regime, social change and incarceration rates in Hungary
This research examines incarceration data from the Hungarian Ministry of Justice for the years 1988 to 1992. This time period allows an analysis of incarceration rates before, during, and after the change in political regimes in the Spring of 1990. The data indicate a substantial overall decrease in incarceration rates independent of changes in crime rates. Several explanations for this trend are suggested
Crime, News and Fear of Crime: Toward an Identification of Audience Effects
Communication studies increasingly recognize the audience's critical role in receiving and interpreting media messages. Research into audience attributes that distinguish “media effects,” on the fear of crime (FEAR) has been limited—particularly as it relates to the reception of news. This study is based on a survey of 2,092 adults in Tallahassee, Florida at the height of a media driven “panic” about violent crime. Controlling for age, gender, ra…
Defensive gun use: Vengeful vigilante imagery versus reality: results from the national self-defense survey
Expanding social workers' perceptions of multicultural practice: An illustration from the Hispanic community
Fear, Tv News, and the Reality of Crime
Data from a 1997 survey of 2, 250 Florida residents are used to assess whether and how the reality of crime influences the relationship between watching TV news and fear of crime. Local crime rates, victim experience, and perceived realism of crime news operationalize the reality of crime and are included in ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates of the TV news and fear of crime relationship. These measures of reality are also used as contexts fo…
Perceived Racial and Ethnic Composition of Neighborhood and Perceived Risk of Crime
This paper examines the relationship between perceived racial and ethnic composition of neighborhood and criminal threat, which is operationalized as the perceived risk of criminal victimization. To address this question, we use interviews with a statewide random sample of 3,000 Florida residents conducted in the fall of 1996. This is the first assessment of this issue to include Hispanics—the largest and fastest growing minority in the State—as …
Race and attitudes toward the police
A Test of a Micro-Level Application of Shaming Theory
Using self-projected measures of criminal behavior obtained from a telephone survey, we investigate the predictive ability of four variables central to individual-level application of Braithwaite's shaming theory: participation in gossip, having been reintegratively shamed, having been the object of gossip, and having been stigmatically shamed. The results are partially supportive of the theory. Contrary to expectations, the theoretical inhibitor…
Television and Fear of Crime: Program Types, Audience Traits, and the Mediating Effect of Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition
Recent work in the area of media and fear of crime suggest that both program content and audience traits are important factors in predicting fear of crime. Working from these premises, this article explores the relationship between watching television and fear of crime among twelve different audience sub-samples and six program types. Additionally, we examine whether respondents' perception of the racial composition of their neighborhood provides…
Racial Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Measures
This paper assesses whether support for harsh punitive policies toward crime is related to the racial typification of crime for a national random sample of households (N=885), surveyed in 2002. Results from OLS regression show that the racial typification of crime is a significant predictor of punitiveness, independent of the influence of racial prejudice, conservatism, crime salience, southern residence and other factors. This relationship is sh…
The Missing Link in General Deterrence Research
Research on the deterrent effects of punishment falls into two categories: macro-level studies of the impact of aggregate punishment levels on crime rates, and individual-level studies of the impact of perceived punishment levels on self-reported criminal behavior. For policy purposes, however, the missing link—ignored in previous research—is that between aggregate punishment levels and individual perceptions of punishment. This paper addresses w…
The Construct Validity and Refinement of Process-Based Policing Measures
Prior tests of Tyler's process-based model of policing have left basic measurement questions unanswered. With a sample of 432 adults from a nationwide telephone survey conducted in spring 2005, factor-analytic procedures were used to develop more valid scales and to test process-based model hypotheses. Regression analyses confirmed that procedural justice judgments affect police legitimacy, which in turn influence both cooperation with police and…
The Influence of Gender on the Placement of Children with Gay or Lesbian Adoptive Parents
This study examines the opinions of men and women from a random phone sample of super voters (those persons voting in the last three out of four possible elections) in Florida (N = 413) toward gay men and/or lesbians as adoptive parents. The survey gathered information on whether the respondents would place boys or girls available for adoption with gay men or lesbians. Controlling for various demographic variables, bivariate logistic regressions …
Public Opinion and the Foundation of the Juvenile Court
Over 100 years ago, juvenile courts emerged out of the belief that juveniles are different from adults—less culpable and more rehabilitatable—and can be "saved" from a life of crime and disadvantage. Today, the juvenile justice system is under attack through increasing calls to eliminate it and enactment of statutes designed to place younger offenders in the adult justice system. However, little evidence exists that policy makers have taken the f…
Sentencing policy and disparity: Guidelines and the influence of legal and democratic subcultures
Public perceptions of white-collar crime and punishment
Punitive attitudes toward criminals: Exploring the relevance of crime salience and economic insecurity
This article examines whether and in what ways punitive attitudes toward criminals can be understood as having roots in two hypothesized sources of anxiety in western society. The first is the danger of crime and its salience and the second is economic insecurity. Both have been seen as sources of growing perceptions that the State is failing in its responsibility to provide for citizen's physical safety and economic security. Punitiveness toward…
Psychology (44 works) · Criminology (41 works) · Political science (39 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (34 works) · Law (33 works) · Social Psychology (32 works) · Sociology (25 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (23 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Law (19 works)