Kenneth F Schaffner
Biographic Data
| ID | 1055973 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kenneth F Schaffner |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kenneth F |
| FAMILY NAME | Schaffner |
| SIGNATURE | SCHAFFNER K F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6281-2459 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 157 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Joseph LeDoux
A Comparison of Two Neurobiological Models of Fear and Anxiety
The main focus of this article is on an application of “construct validity,” although it is better thought of as a construct-progressivity assessment (CPA) for reasons developed in the article and related to the concepts of “truth” and “validity” in science. The specific example presented involves the recent LeDoux and Pine two-system model (TSM) and the more traditional fear-center model (FCM), two important constructs in even broader debates in…
The person and philosophy of science and medicine
This article addresses three perspectives from which to view the person in personalized and person-centered medicine and psychiatry. The first considers the particular person’s body, with a focus on pharmacogenomic advances in understanding individual variation both in drug metabolism (e.g. CYP genotyping) as well as in dopamine and receptor polymorphisms. The second part of the talk considers the particular person’s ‘mind’—as a complex narrative…
Theories, Models, and Equations in Biology
This article considers claims that biology should seek general theories similar to those found in physics but argues for an alternative framework for biological theories as collections of prototypical interlevel models that can be extrapolated by analogy to different organisms. This position is exemplified in the development of the Hodgkin-Huxley giant squid model for action potentials, which uses equations in specialized ways. This model is view…
Reduction
Liberals Ate My Genes?
Behavior at the Organismal and Molecular Levels
Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is a tiny worm that has become the focus of a large number of worldwide research projects examining its genetics, development, neuroscience, and behavior. Recently several groups of investigators have begun to tie together the behavior of the organism and the underlying genes, neural circuits, and molecular processes implemented in those circuits. Behavior is quintessentially organismal—it is the organism as …
Genes, Behavior, and Developmental Emergentism
The question of the influence of genes on behavior raises difficult philosophical and social issues. In this paper I delineate what I call the Developmentalist Challenge (DC) to assertions of genetic influence on behavior, and then examine the DC through an indepth analysis of the behavioral genetics of the nematode, C. elegans , with some briefer references to work on Drosophila. I argue that eight “rules” relating genes and behavior through env…
Model Organisms and Behavioral Genetics
In this rejoinder to the three preceding comments, I provide some additional philosophical warrant for the biomedical sciences' focus on model organisms. I then relate the inquiries on model systems to the concept of ‘deep homology’, and indicate that the issues that appear to divide my commentators and myself are in part empirical ones. I cite recent work on model organisms, and especially C. elegans that supports my views. Finally, I briefly re…
Ethical Considerations in Human Investigation Involving Paradigm Shifts
Kenneth F. Schaffner, Ethical Considerations in Human Investigation Involving Paradigm Shifts: Organ Transplantation in the 1990s, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 19, No. 6 (Nov. - Dec., 1997), pp. 5-10
Case Studies
Modeling medical diagnosis
The Unity of Science and Theory Construction in Molecular Biology
Einstein Versus Lorentz
Lorentz’ Aether and the Electron Theory
Aberration From Bradley to Michelson and Morley
The Electromagnetic Aether
The Elastic Solid Aether
Introduction
The Historical Background of the Nineteenth-Century Aether Through Young and Fresnel
Nineteenth-century aether theories
Letter From Augustin Fresnel to François Arago, on the Influence of the Movement of the Earth on Some Phenomena of Optics
Correspondence Rules
The traditional role which correspondence rules, coordinating definitions, or semantical rules, have in a logical analysis of a scientific theory is questioned by providing an alternative analysis. The alternative account suggests that scientific theories are “meaningful” prior to the establishment of correspondence rules, and that correspondence rules are introduced to permit explanation and testing in the “observational” sector. The role of mod…
The Watson-Crick Model and Reductionism
The Foundations of Scientific Inference . Wesley C. Salmon
Approaches to Reduction
Four current accounts of theory reduction are presented, first informally and then formally: (1) an account of direct theory reduction that is based on the contributions of Nagel, Woodger, and Quine, (2) an indirect reduction paradigm due to Kemeny and Oppenheim, (3) an “isomorphic model” schema traceable to Suppes, and (4) a theory of reduction that is based on the work of Popper, Feyerabend, and Kuhn. Reference is made, in an attempt to choose …
The Watson-Crick Model and Reductionism
Einstein Versus Lorentz
Genes, Behavior, and Developmental Emergentism
The question of the influence of genes on behavior raises difficult philosophical and social issues. In this paper I delineate what I call the Developmentalist Challenge (DC) to assertions of genetic influence on behavior, and then examine the DC through an indepth analysis of the behavioral genetics of the nematode, C. elegans , with some briefer references to work on Drosophila. I argue that eight “rules” relating genes and behavior through env…
Reduction
Theories, Models, and Equations in Biology
This article considers claims that biology should seek general theories similar to those found in physics but argues for an alternative framework for biological theories as collections of prototypical interlevel models that can be extrapolated by analogy to different organisms. This position is exemplified in the development of the Hodgkin-Huxley giant squid model for action potentials, which uses equations in specialized ways. This model is view…
Model Organisms and Behavioral Genetics
In this rejoinder to the three preceding comments, I provide some additional philosophical warrant for the biomedical sciences' focus on model organisms. I then relate the inquiries on model systems to the concept of ‘deep homology’, and indicate that the issues that appear to divide my commentators and myself are in part empirical ones. I cite recent work on model organisms, and especially C. elegans that supports my views. Finally, I briefly re…
Correspondence Rules
The traditional role which correspondence rules, coordinating definitions, or semantical rules, have in a logical analysis of a scientific theory is questioned by providing an alternative analysis. The alternative account suggests that scientific theories are “meaningful” prior to the establishment of correspondence rules, and that correspondence rules are introduced to permit explanation and testing in the “observational” sector. The role of mod…
Behavior at the Organismal and Molecular Levels
Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is a tiny worm that has become the focus of a large number of worldwide research projects examining its genetics, development, neuroscience, and behavior. Recently several groups of investigators have begun to tie together the behavior of the organism and the underlying genes, neural circuits, and molecular processes implemented in those circuits. Behavior is quintessentially organismal—it is the organism as …
The Foundations of Scientific Inference . Wesley C. Salmon
Approaches to Reduction
Four current accounts of theory reduction are presented, first informally and then formally: (1) an account of direct theory reduction that is based on the contributions of Nagel, Woodger, and Quine, (2) an indirect reduction paradigm due to Kemeny and Oppenheim, (3) an “isomorphic model” schema traceable to Suppes, and (4) a theory of reduction that is based on the work of Popper, Feyerabend, and Kuhn. Reference is made, in an attempt to choose …
The Foundations of Scientific Inference . Wesley C. Salmon
Correspondence Rules
The traditional role which correspondence rules, coordinating definitions, or semantical rules, have in a logical analysis of a scientific theory is questioned by providing an alternative analysis. The alternative account suggests that scientific theories are “meaningful” prior to the establishment of correspondence rules, and that correspondence rules are introduced to permit explanation and testing in the “observational” sector. The role of mod…
The Watson-Crick Model and Reductionism
Lorentz’ Aether and the Electron Theory
Aberration From Bradley to Michelson and Morley
The Electromagnetic Aether
The Elastic Solid Aether
Introduction
The Historical Background of the Nineteenth-Century Aether Through Young and Fresnel
Nineteenth-century aether theories
Letter From Augustin Fresnel to François Arago, on the Influence of the Movement of the Earth on Some Phenomena of Optics
The Unity of Science and Theory Construction in Molecular Biology
Einstein Versus Lorentz
Case Studies
Modeling medical diagnosis
Ethical Considerations in Human Investigation Involving Paradigm Shifts
Kenneth F. Schaffner, Ethical Considerations in Human Investigation Involving Paradigm Shifts: Organ Transplantation in the 1990s, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 19, No. 6 (Nov. - Dec., 1997), pp. 5-10
Genes, Behavior, and Developmental Emergentism
The question of the influence of genes on behavior raises difficult philosophical and social issues. In this paper I delineate what I call the Developmentalist Challenge (DC) to assertions of genetic influence on behavior, and then examine the DC through an indepth analysis of the behavioral genetics of the nematode, C. elegans , with some briefer references to work on Drosophila. I argue that eight “rules” relating genes and behavior through env…
Model Organisms and Behavioral Genetics
In this rejoinder to the three preceding comments, I provide some additional philosophical warrant for the biomedical sciences' focus on model organisms. I then relate the inquiries on model systems to the concept of ‘deep homology’, and indicate that the issues that appear to divide my commentators and myself are in part empirical ones. I cite recent work on model organisms, and especially C. elegans that supports my views. Finally, I briefly re…
Behavior at the Organismal and Molecular Levels
Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is a tiny worm that has become the focus of a large number of worldwide research projects examining its genetics, development, neuroscience, and behavior. Recently several groups of investigators have begun to tie together the behavior of the organism and the underlying genes, neural circuits, and molecular processes implemented in those circuits. Behavior is quintessentially organismal—it is the organism as …
Liberals Ate My Genes?
Reduction
Theories, Models, and Equations in Biology
This article considers claims that biology should seek general theories similar to those found in physics but argues for an alternative framework for biological theories as collections of prototypical interlevel models that can be extrapolated by analogy to different organisms. This position is exemplified in the development of the Hodgkin-Huxley giant squid model for action potentials, which uses equations in specialized ways. This model is view…
The person and philosophy of science and medicine
This article addresses three perspectives from which to view the person in personalized and person-centered medicine and psychiatry. The first considers the particular person’s body, with a focus on pharmacogenomic advances in understanding individual variation both in drug metabolism (e.g. CYP genotyping) as well as in dopamine and receptor polymorphisms. The second part of the talk considers the particular person’s ‘mind’—as a complex narrative…
A Comparison of Two Neurobiological Models of Fear and Anxiety
The main focus of this article is on an application of “construct validity,” although it is better thought of as a construct-progressivity assessment (CPA) for reasons developed in the article and related to the concepts of “truth” and “validity” in science. The specific example presented involves the recent LeDoux and Pine two-system model (TSM) and the more traditional fear-center model (FCM), two important constructs in even broader debates in…
Philosophy (15 works) · Epistemology (13 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Philosophy and History of Science (9 works) · Physics (9 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Philosophy of science (6 works) · Theoretical physics (6 works) · Aether (5 works) · Sociology (5 works)