William Tulio Divale
Biographic Data
| ID | 105979 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William Tulio Divale |
| GIVEN NAMES | William Tulio |
| FAMILY NAME | Divale |
| SIGNATURE | DIVALE W T |
| AFFILIATIONS | York College, City University of New York |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 7 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 256 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 7 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Female Status and Cultural Evolution
The theory that female status will increase with societal complexity is tested. Two independent measures of female status are compared with a measure of societal complexity. Both tests produce significant results, but in a direction opposite that of the hypothesis. With increases in societal complexity, there is a decrease in female status. Four data quality control factors were routinely applied to test for the presence of systematic eth nograph…
Using Date of European Contact for Time-Lagged Variables in Cross-Cultural Surveys
A new technique for causal analysis of cross-cultural surveys is presented. The epistemological assumption is that for any given sociocultural process, the ethnographic universe contains societies that were at different stages of the process when they were ethnographically described. To set up a causal design, one must logically deduce the different stages through which a particular society undergoing the process would pass. Thus, instead of maki…
Natural Selection in Cultural Evolution
In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a…
War, Peace, and Marital Residence in Pre-Industrial Societies
Tefft and Reinhardt recently reported that peacemaking mechanisms and periods of stable peace are associated with internal warfare, while peacemaking mechanisms are absent and peace is unstable in societies with external warfare. We suggest an explanation for these findings based on the argument that in pre-state level societies internal and external war are entirely different types of conflict. Internal war (conflict between communities of the s…
Population, Warfare, and the Male Supremacist Complex
We present cross-cultural data on the existence of a pervasive institutional and ideological complex of male supremacy in band and village sociocultural systems, and we identify warfare as the most important cause of this complex. We explain the perpetuation of warfare in band and village society and its interaction with selective female infanticide as a response to the need to regulate population growth in the absence of effective or less costly…
Temporal Focus and Random Error in Cross-Cultural Hypothesis Tests
Murdock and White (1969) have argued that in cross-cultural hypothesis tests where the variables measured are not focused (pinpointed in space and time to a single local community), we cannot assume functional relation ships between those variables. Since most of the published cross-cultural studies do not report focusing, Murdock and White cast doubt on the find ings of a few hundred studies. I argue that focusing should be used to increase data…
Migration, External Warfare, and Matrilocal Residence
It is suggested that matrilocal (uxorilocal) residence is an adaptive re sponse to the disequilibrium that occurs when a virilocal or patrilocal soci ety migrates into an alrcady inhabited region. The sudden immigration will result in external warfare between the migrating and indigenous so cieties. Most of the world's societics (approximately 70 percent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by the presence of fraternal interest gr…
Population, Warfare, and the Male Supremacist Complex
We present cross-cultural data on the existence of a pervasive institutional and ideological complex of male supremacy in band and village sociocultural systems, and we identify warfare as the most important cause of this complex. We explain the perpetuation of warfare in band and village society and its interaction with selective female infanticide as a response to the need to regulate population growth in the absence of effective or less costly…
Migration, External Warfare, and Matrilocal Residence
It is suggested that matrilocal (uxorilocal) residence is an adaptive re sponse to the disequilibrium that occurs when a virilocal or patrilocal soci ety migrates into an alrcady inhabited region. The sudden immigration will result in external warfare between the migrating and indigenous so cieties. Most of the world's societics (approximately 70 percent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by the presence of fraternal interest gr…
Temporal Focus and Random Error in Cross-Cultural Hypothesis Tests
Murdock and White (1969) have argued that in cross-cultural hypothesis tests where the variables measured are not focused (pinpointed in space and time to a single local community), we cannot assume functional relation ships between those variables. Since most of the published cross-cultural studies do not report focusing, Murdock and White cast doubt on the find ings of a few hundred studies. I argue that focusing should be used to increase data…
Natural Selection in Cultural Evolution
In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a…
Female Status and Cultural Evolution
The theory that female status will increase with societal complexity is tested. Two independent measures of female status are compared with a measure of societal complexity. Both tests produce significant results, but in a direction opposite that of the hypothesis. With increases in societal complexity, there is a decrease in female status. Four data quality control factors were routinely applied to test for the presence of systematic eth nograph…
War, Peace, and Marital Residence in Pre-Industrial Societies
Tefft and Reinhardt recently reported that peacemaking mechanisms and periods of stable peace are associated with internal warfare, while peacemaking mechanisms are absent and peace is unstable in societies with external warfare. We suggest an explanation for these findings based on the argument that in pre-state level societies internal and external war are entirely different types of conflict. Internal war (conflict between communities of the s…
Using Date of European Contact for Time-Lagged Variables in Cross-Cultural Surveys
A new technique for causal analysis of cross-cultural surveys is presented. The epistemological assumption is that for any given sociocultural process, the ethnographic universe contains societies that were at different stages of the process when they were ethnographically described. To set up a causal design, one must logically deduce the different stages through which a particular society undergoing the process would pass. Thus, instead of maki…
Migration, External Warfare, and Matrilocal Residence
It is suggested that matrilocal (uxorilocal) residence is an adaptive re sponse to the disequilibrium that occurs when a virilocal or patrilocal soci ety migrates into an alrcady inhabited region. The sudden immigration will result in external warfare between the migrating and indigenous so cieties. Most of the world's societics (approximately 70 percent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by the presence of fraternal interest gr…
Temporal Focus and Random Error in Cross-Cultural Hypothesis Tests
Murdock and White (1969) have argued that in cross-cultural hypothesis tests where the variables measured are not focused (pinpointed in space and time to a single local community), we cannot assume functional relation ships between those variables. Since most of the published cross-cultural studies do not report focusing, Murdock and White cast doubt on the find ings of a few hundred studies. I argue that focusing should be used to increase data…
Female Status and Cultural Evolution
The theory that female status will increase with societal complexity is tested. Two independent measures of female status are compared with a measure of societal complexity. Both tests produce significant results, but in a direction opposite that of the hypothesis. With increases in societal complexity, there is a decrease in female status. Four data quality control factors were routinely applied to test for the presence of systematic eth nograph…
Using Date of European Contact for Time-Lagged Variables in Cross-Cultural Surveys
A new technique for causal analysis of cross-cultural surveys is presented. The epistemological assumption is that for any given sociocultural process, the ethnographic universe contains societies that were at different stages of the process when they were ethnographically described. To set up a causal design, one must logically deduce the different stages through which a particular society undergoing the process would pass. Thus, instead of maki…
Natural Selection in Cultural Evolution
In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a…
War, Peace, and Marital Residence in Pre-Industrial Societies
Tefft and Reinhardt recently reported that peacemaking mechanisms and periods of stable peace are associated with internal warfare, while peacemaking mechanisms are absent and peace is unstable in societies with external warfare. We suggest an explanation for these findings based on the argument that in pre-state level societies internal and external war are entirely different types of conflict. Internal war (conflict between communities of the s…
Population, Warfare, and the Male Supremacist Complex
We present cross-cultural data on the existence of a pervasive institutional and ideological complex of male supremacy in band and village sociocultural systems, and we identify warfare as the most important cause of this complex. We explain the perpetuation of warfare in band and village society and its interaction with selective female infanticide as a response to the need to regulate population growth in the absence of effective or less costly…
Sociology (7 works) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (5 works) · Anthropology (4 works) · Demography (4 works) · Biology (3 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (3 works) · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies (3 works) · Law (3 works) · Political science (3 works) · Politics (3 works)