Azirah Hashim
Biographic Data
| ID | 106823 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Azirah Hashim |
| GIVEN NAMES | Azirah |
| FAMILY NAME | Hashim |
| SIGNATURE | HASHIM A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Malaya |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3715-8392 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 15 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Case library and 3C mentoring for bridging theory and practice in pre-service EFL training
The persistent gap between pedagogical theory and classroom practice continues to remain a prominent issue within pre-service EFL teacher preparation, especially in Confucian-heritage contexts characterized by hierarchical norms and collective learning traditions. To address this, we conducted a three-cycle Design-Based Research intervention from September 2023 to June 2024 with 120 junior-year pre-service teachers at three Chinese normal univers…
Introduction: World Englishes and applied linguistics
World Englishes explores the global spread and the diverse variations of English across different regions and cultures. Applied linguistics, as a discipline, focuses on the practical application of language studies to real‐world problems, such as language teaching, language in the professions and policy‐making. The intersection of World Englishes and applied linguistics emphasises the importance of understanding the dynamics of language use in gl…
Applied linguistics and world Englishes in Singapore and Malaysia in the 21st century
The trajectories of the English language in Singapore and Malaysia have undergone different developmental paths since English first arrived in both countries. Although they have a shared history, divergent language planning and policies in each country have resulted in varietal differences in Singapore English and Malaysian English. This article compares research done in the 21st century on each variety in the realm of applied linguistics and wor…
Professional competence of Asean accountants at conference presentations
The ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA) organizes the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs to enhance the professional competence of ASEAN accountants. One of the CPD programs is the conference presentation (CP). The conference is the way the AFA shares its new frameworks and policies. Consequently, this language-based professional practice and competence has become an important need. In the presentation, this language-based profe…
Accent Perceptions and Identity Conflicts of University Students in China
This paper examines university students’ perceptions towards different English accent varieties and their non-unitary and conflicting identity (re)construction responding the changing configuration of English in China. Findings from interviews and diaries indicate that the participants’ perceptions appear to be under the substantial influence of the different identities they intend to assume. The incompatibility existing in their different identi…
Contesting Malaysia’s Integration into the World Economy
Internationalisation and the Asem Education Process: The Malaysian higher education experience
Internationalisation is an important component in the transformation of higher education globally. Since 2007, the Malaysian higher education system has had a strong focus on internationalisation in positioning Malaysia as a hub for higher education. Malaysia is a member of the ASEM Education Process (AEP) and an active participant in several initiatives focusing on mobility and quality assurance since 2008. This study aims to evaluate the relati…
An analysis of the Asem Education Process and its role in higher education
Worldwide, there is a pressing need for nations to seriously enhance the international dimension in higher education through international cooperation to stay competitive in a globalised higher education system. The Asia‐Europe Meeting (ASEM) is an inter‐governmental organisation formed in 1996. Since then, it has been actively involved in higher education programmes around the globe. The sixth ASEM Summit (2006) underlined the importance of mult…
Contesting Malaysia's Integration into the World Economy
Approaches to World Englishes Print Media
This article provides a study of important frameworks expected to interpret and analyse World Englishes print media (newspapers). It is clear that the frameworks of Kachruvian and Strevens initially theorize print media and lexical borrowing. This leads to the introduction of numerous paradigms and ideas suggested by other prominent theorists about the World Englishes news media perspective. All in all, a summary of such frameworks contributes to…
A Quantitative Study of Chinese Learners’ Identities as Reflected in Their Attitudes Toward English Accents
Once an asset owned exclusively by native English speakers (NESs) in inner circle, the native English speaking norms, specifically the standard varieties of British and American English, have been taken for granted as models for non-native English speakers (NNESs) in outer and expanding circles to imitate and approximate to. But this paradigm is under severe attack given the fact that people who use English as a lingua franca (ELF) have far outnu…
The Impact of Attitude Markers on Enhancing Evaluation in the Review Article Genre
Academic review writing is not merely about providing an overview but taking a stance and evaluating other scholars’ views in evaluation-loaded texts. In academic review genres, the authors describe, analyse, and evaluate the developments of a research. Perhaps the most noticeable way of such an evaluation in academic review genres is the use of attitudinal lexicon and its categories. The main aim of this research is (1) to investigate what type …
African-Asian Encounters: New Cooperations and New Dependencies
In recent decades, ties between Africa and Asia have greatly increased. And while most of the scholarly attention to the phenomenon has focused on China, often with an emphasis on asymmetric power relations in both politics and economics, this book takes a much broader view, looking at various small and medium-sized actors in Asia and Africa in a wide range of fields. It will be essential for scholars working on Asian-African studies and will als…
Arabic in contact with English in Asia: Linguistic, social and political influences of Arabic in the region
Arabic has a long history of contact with languages outside the Middle East (Lapidus, 2015; Beg, 1979). In Asia, the spread of Arabic began with the trade network that connected the Middle East with South Asia, South-East, East Asia and East Africa from the fifth century. It intensified with the rise of Islam from the seventh century onwards (Morgan & Reid, 2010; Azirah & Leitner, 2016). In this paper we investigate the impact of Arabic on today'…
African-Asian Encounters: Creating Cooperations and Dependencies
Language in the Negotiation of Justice: Contexts, Issues and Applications Christopher Williams and Girolamo Tessuto eds (2013) Ashgate 326pp
Stylistic creativity in Thai English fiction
‘Thai English literature’ has not been widely recognized because of the controversial notion of ‘Thai English’. This paper thus investigates features of stylistic creativity in English short stories and novels written by Thai authors in order to identify indicators for a Thai variety of English. The features are interpreted using the approaches of World Englishes by Kachru and Strevens. It was found that the selected Thai writers highlight their …
English in Thailand: Development of English in a non-postcolonial context
English is not a colonial language in Thailand and has developed more slowly than varieties of English in post-British-colonial countries, which are sometimes called non-native varieties of English. The history of colonial and postcolonial English that these other countries in the region have is absent in Thailand. This paper aims to examine the evolution of English in Thai society using Schneider’s Dynamic Model (2007) to determine whether it me…
Dialogue on ‘1 Malaysia’: The uses of metadiscourse in ethnopolitical accounting
A small group of ethnically and religiously diverse Malaysians were assembled to discuss the recent call for ‘1 Malaysia’. Dialogue is widely recognized as a worthwhile communication activity to deal with the differences and issues between peoples. But how does dialogue actually work in practice? In this study, metadiscourse – talk about talk – is used as a resource to get at how participants understand their own discussion, for example, ‘we shou…
Introduction: English in Southeast Asia
This special issue focuses on the challenges faced by different countries in Southeast Asia with regard to the English language and suggests possible future directions which can be taken from multiple perspectives: from broad theoretical perspectives, paradigms, research areas, language planning and policy issues to language teaching and language education
Accounts of religio-cultural identity in Singapore and Malaysia
Singapore and Malaysia shared a similar history until 1965. They continue to share a similar spread of religions, ethnicities and languages. Even though Chinese are much the largest community in Singapore, and Malays the majority group in Malaysia, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism are widely practised in both, while Malay, English, Tamil and several forms of Chinese are widely spoken – and frequently mixed with each other. To identify t…
English in higher education in Cambodia
This paper discusses a number of key issues in English education and research in Cambodia. Multiple studies on Cambodia often suggest that English is a key component required to transform the standard of life of common Cambodians (Clayton ). To understand the phenomenon of the ever-increasing demand for English in the country, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with teachers and students followed by a needs analysis of English la…
English and the linguistic ecology of Malaysia
The Southeast Asian region is undergoing rapid social, economic and cultural change brought about by movements of capital, people and ideas within and beyond the region. The dynamics of independence, nation-building and globalization have had an impact on most of the nation-states in the region, many of which attained independence only in the second half of the 20th century. This paper focuses on the development of Malaysia's language ecology wit…
Ethnopolitical discourse among ordinary Malaysians: Diverging accounts of “the good-old days” in discussing multiculturalism
A small group of ethnically diverse Malaysians was assembled to discuss the state of multiculturalism in Malaysia. Discursive analysis was used to get at the participants' accounting practices and constructions of multiculturalism. Participants' accounts revealed an increasing social distance between the Malays and the non-Malays, but differing assessments and explanations for such group boundaries. Participants' accounts drew on both their own e…
Mathematics is the method: Exploring the macro-organizational structure of research articles in mathematics
This article reports the macro-organizational structure of research articles (RAs) in mathematics, based on an analysis of 30 published pure and applied mathematics articles. Math RAs eschew the Introduction-Methods-Results-Discussion (IMRD) structure for an Introduction-Results model that enables researchers to present new knowledge as clearly and succinctly as possible. Notable omissions from the mathematics RA structure are Method and Discussi…
Print advertisements in Malaysia: Print advertisements in Malaysia
This paper examines print advertisements in Malaysia to determine how advertisers seek to achieve their primary goal of persuading or influencing an audience by the use of both language and visuals. It describes the main component moves and rhetorical strategies used by writers to articulate the communicative purpose of the genre and the language in the advertisements. A descriptive framework for multi-modal texts is adopted for analysing the vis…
Dialogue on ‘1 Malaysia’: The uses of metadiscourse in ethnopolitical accounting
A small group of ethnically and religiously diverse Malaysians were assembled to discuss the recent call for ‘1 Malaysia’. Dialogue is widely recognized as a worthwhile communication activity to deal with the differences and issues between peoples. But how does dialogue actually work in practice? In this study, metadiscourse – talk about talk – is used as a resource to get at how participants understand their own discussion, for example, ‘we shou…
English in higher education in Cambodia
This paper discusses a number of key issues in English education and research in Cambodia. Multiple studies on Cambodia often suggest that English is a key component required to transform the standard of life of common Cambodians (Clayton ). To understand the phenomenon of the ever-increasing demand for English in the country, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with teachers and students followed by a needs analysis of English la…
Contact expressions in contemporary Malaysian English
Language contact touches on theoretical, descriptive and applied linguistics. Typically research into lexical contact outcomes tended to be accumulative, collecting contact effects, whether old or recent, on the assumption that they are all relevant today. Their currency or demise or, in the case of recent formations, their increasing currency and spread are under-researched. Such themes are crucial in multilingual, multi-cultural and multi-relig…
Language disadvantage in Malaysian litigation and arbitration
Based on extensive observations of courtroom proceedings and more limited observations of arbitration practice, this study compares how each system approaches language disadvantage. In Malaysian common law the usual constraints on courtroom discourse, institutionalised by de jure rules of speaking and reinforced by professional practice, are supplemented by a language policy, enshrined in the constitution, statutes and judicial directives, which …
English and the linguistic ecology of Malaysia
The Southeast Asian region is undergoing rapid social, economic and cultural change brought about by movements of capital, people and ideas within and beyond the region. The dynamics of independence, nation-building and globalization have had an impact on most of the nation-states in the region, many of which attained independence only in the second half of the 20th century. This paper focuses on the development of Malaysia's language ecology wit…
Language of the legal process: An analysis of interactions in the Syariah court
This study examines interactions from trials in the Syariah court in Malaysia. It focuses on the types of questioning, the choice of language and the linguistic resources employed in this particular context. In the discourse of law, questioning has been a prominent concern particularly in cross-examination and can be considered one of the key communicative practices in legal encounters. Usually based on expectations and assumptions about what the…
The Use of Malaysian English in Creative Writing
Currently, Malaysian English as a variety of Asian Englishes and World Englishes is of immense interest to scholars in the field. English has permeated many areas in Malaysian society and enjoys the recognition of being the second most important language after Malay. It is now noticeably present in creative writing where linguistic features of nativisation are used as a marker of national identity. This local variety which has borrowed from and a…
Celebrating Tom's century – 100 issues of English Today
On the occasion of the 100th issue of English Today , scholars from around the world were invited to send their thoughts. Excerpts from messages received up to September 6th, 2009 are presented here
Electronic English in Malaysia: Features and language in use
In Malaysia, English on the Internet is creating its own hybrid variety. The Internet has been described as not just a technological revolution, but also a social. Different modes of communication on the internet such as chat, blogs and Twitter are speedily overtaking traditional forms of communication for both professional and leisure activities. In response to the communicative limitations of technology, a unique form of communication has emerg…
Not plain sailing: Malaysia’s language choice in policy and education
This paper focusses on language and education issues in Malaysia as they have unfolded in the context of nation building, societal multilingualism and globalization from independence to the present day. The paper first examines the origin and nature of language and medium-of-instruction policies in Malaysia and the rationale for them. Secondly, it discusses the conflicts and controversies pertaining to language and education analyzing the domains…
Print advertisements in Malaysia: Print advertisements in Malaysia
This paper examines print advertisements in Malaysia to determine how advertisers seek to achieve their primary goal of persuading or influencing an audience by the use of both language and visuals. It describes the main component moves and rhetorical strategies used by writers to articulate the communicative purpose of the genre and the language in the advertisements. A descriptive framework for multi-modal texts is adopted for analysing the vis…
Language of the legal process: An analysis of interactions in the Syariah court
This study examines interactions from trials in the Syariah court in Malaysia. It focuses on the types of questioning, the choice of language and the linguistic resources employed in this particular context. In the discourse of law, questioning has been a prominent concern particularly in cross-examination and can be considered one of the key communicative practices in legal encounters. Usually based on expectations and assumptions about what the…
Contact expressions in contemporary Malaysian English
Language contact touches on theoretical, descriptive and applied linguistics. Typically research into lexical contact outcomes tended to be accumulative, collecting contact effects, whether old or recent, on the assumption that they are all relevant today. Their currency or demise or, in the case of recent formations, their increasing currency and spread are under-researched. Such themes are crucial in multilingual, multi-cultural and multi-relig…
Language disadvantage in Malaysian litigation and arbitration
Based on extensive observations of courtroom proceedings and more limited observations of arbitration practice, this study compares how each system approaches language disadvantage. In Malaysian common law the usual constraints on courtroom discourse, institutionalised by de jure rules of speaking and reinforced by professional practice, are supplemented by a language policy, enshrined in the constitution, statutes and judicial directives, which …
English as a Lingua Franca in Asean: A Multilingual Model by Andy Kirkpatrick
Ethnopolitical discourse among ordinary Malaysians: Diverging accounts of “the good-old days” in discussing multiculturalism
A small group of ethnically diverse Malaysians was assembled to discuss the state of multiculturalism in Malaysia. Discursive analysis was used to get at the participants' accounting practices and constructions of multiculturalism. Participants' accounts revealed an increasing social distance between the Malays and the non-Malays, but differing assessments and explanations for such group boundaries. Participants' accounts drew on both their own e…
Mathematics is the method: Exploring the macro-organizational structure of research articles in mathematics
This article reports the macro-organizational structure of research articles (RAs) in mathematics, based on an analysis of 30 published pure and applied mathematics articles. Math RAs eschew the Introduction-Methods-Results-Discussion (IMRD) structure for an Introduction-Results model that enables researchers to present new knowledge as clearly and succinctly as possible. Notable omissions from the mathematics RA structure are Method and Discussi…
Stylistic creativity in Thai English fiction
‘Thai English literature’ has not been widely recognized because of the controversial notion of ‘Thai English’. This paper thus investigates features of stylistic creativity in English short stories and novels written by Thai authors in order to identify indicators for a Thai variety of English. The features are interpreted using the approaches of World Englishes by Kachru and Strevens. It was found that the selected Thai writers highlight their …
English in Thailand: Development of English in a non-postcolonial context
English is not a colonial language in Thailand and has developed more slowly than varieties of English in post-British-colonial countries, which are sometimes called non-native varieties of English. The history of colonial and postcolonial English that these other countries in the region have is absent in Thailand. This paper aims to examine the evolution of English in Thai society using Schneider’s Dynamic Model (2007) to determine whether it me…
Dialogue on ‘1 Malaysia’: The uses of metadiscourse in ethnopolitical accounting
A small group of ethnically and religiously diverse Malaysians were assembled to discuss the recent call for ‘1 Malaysia’. Dialogue is widely recognized as a worthwhile communication activity to deal with the differences and issues between peoples. But how does dialogue actually work in practice? In this study, metadiscourse – talk about talk – is used as a resource to get at how participants understand their own discussion, for example, ‘we shou…
Introduction: English in Southeast Asia
This special issue focuses on the challenges faced by different countries in Southeast Asia with regard to the English language and suggests possible future directions which can be taken from multiple perspectives: from broad theoretical perspectives, paradigms, research areas, language planning and policy issues to language teaching and language education
Accounts of religio-cultural identity in Singapore and Malaysia
Singapore and Malaysia shared a similar history until 1965. They continue to share a similar spread of religions, ethnicities and languages. Even though Chinese are much the largest community in Singapore, and Malays the majority group in Malaysia, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism are widely practised in both, while Malay, English, Tamil and several forms of Chinese are widely spoken – and frequently mixed with each other. To identify t…
English in higher education in Cambodia
This paper discusses a number of key issues in English education and research in Cambodia. Multiple studies on Cambodia often suggest that English is a key component required to transform the standard of life of common Cambodians (Clayton ). To understand the phenomenon of the ever-increasing demand for English in the country, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with teachers and students followed by a needs analysis of English la…
English and the linguistic ecology of Malaysia
The Southeast Asian region is undergoing rapid social, economic and cultural change brought about by movements of capital, people and ideas within and beyond the region. The dynamics of independence, nation-building and globalization have had an impact on most of the nation-states in the region, many of which attained independence only in the second half of the 20th century. This paper focuses on the development of Malaysia's language ecology wit…
Language in the Negotiation of Justice: Contexts, Issues and Applications Christopher Williams and Girolamo Tessuto eds (2013) Ashgate 326pp
African-Asian Encounters: New Cooperations and New Dependencies
In recent decades, ties between Africa and Asia have greatly increased. And while most of the scholarly attention to the phenomenon has focused on China, often with an emphasis on asymmetric power relations in both politics and economics, this book takes a much broader view, looking at various small and medium-sized actors in Asia and Africa in a wide range of fields. It will be essential for scholars working on Asian-African studies and will als…
Arabic in contact with English in Asia: Linguistic, social and political influences of Arabic in the region
Arabic has a long history of contact with languages outside the Middle East (Lapidus, 2015; Beg, 1979). In Asia, the spread of Arabic began with the trade network that connected the Middle East with South Asia, South-East, East Asia and East Africa from the fifth century. It intensified with the rise of Islam from the seventh century onwards (Morgan & Reid, 2010; Azirah & Leitner, 2016). In this paper we investigate the impact of Arabic on today'…
African-Asian Encounters: Creating Cooperations and Dependencies
The Impact of Attitude Markers on Enhancing Evaluation in the Review Article Genre
Academic review writing is not merely about providing an overview but taking a stance and evaluating other scholars’ views in evaluation-loaded texts. In academic review genres, the authors describe, analyse, and evaluate the developments of a research. Perhaps the most noticeable way of such an evaluation in academic review genres is the use of attitudinal lexicon and its categories. The main aim of this research is (1) to investigate what type …
Approaches to World Englishes Print Media
This article provides a study of important frameworks expected to interpret and analyse World Englishes print media (newspapers). It is clear that the frameworks of Kachruvian and Strevens initially theorize print media and lexical borrowing. This leads to the introduction of numerous paradigms and ideas suggested by other prominent theorists about the World Englishes news media perspective. All in all, a summary of such frameworks contributes to…
A Quantitative Study of Chinese Learners’ Identities as Reflected in Their Attitudes Toward English Accents
Once an asset owned exclusively by native English speakers (NESs) in inner circle, the native English speaking norms, specifically the standard varieties of British and American English, have been taken for granted as models for non-native English speakers (NNESs) in outer and expanding circles to imitate and approximate to. But this paradigm is under severe attack given the fact that people who use English as a lingua franca (ELF) have far outnu…
Sociology (21 works) · Linguistics (20 works) · Political science (18 works) · Multilingual Education and Policy (14 works) · Psychology (12 works) · History (10 works) · Law (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (8 works) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (7 works)