Paul Linford
Biographic Data
| ID | 1068841 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Linford |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Linford |
| SIGNATURE | LINFORD P |
| AFFILIATIONS | English Heritage |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5947-5858 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Geophysical Survey at Mount Pleasant Henge
First complete geophysical survey coverage of the Mount Pleasant mega-henge.– Evaluation of plough damage and erosion of the henge earthworks using GPR.– Reprocessing and comparison of Clark’s original magnetic survey from 50 years ago
Middle Neolithic pits and a burial at West Amesbury, Wiltshire
Excavations on the south-eastern slopes of King Barrow Ridge, 1.5 km east of Stonehenge, revealed five pits, a grave and other features of Middle Neolithic date. Analysis of the pit assemblages and the partial inhumation interred in the grave has provided insights into lifeways in this landscape in the late fourth millennium cal BC. Evidence suggests that the area was visited by a pastoralist, mobile community on a semi-regular basis for a signif…
Recent Investigations at Two Long Barrows and Reflections on their Context in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site and Environs
Recent geophysical surveys and excavations at Druid's Lodge Estate, in fields west of the Diamond Wood in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (SWHS), have confirmed the existence of the Winterbourne Stoke 71 long barrow and discovered a new long barrow (Winterbourne Stoke 86) a short distance to the south. Survey and excavation show internal features at both barrows and, alongside aerial photography, suggest that both monuments were destroyed duri…
Advances in archaeomagnetic dating in Britain: New data, new approaches and a new calibration curve
Archaeomagnetic dating offers a valuable chronological tool for archaeological investigations, particularly for dating fired material. The method depends on the establishment of a dated record of secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field and this paper presents new and updated archaeomagnetic directional data from the UK and geomagnetic secular variation curves arising from them. The data are taken from publications from the 1950's to the p…
Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Environs, 2009–2013: Part 2 – the Stones
Non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘Triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Geophysical anomalies may signal the position of buried stones adding to the possibility of former stone arrangements, while laser scanning has provided detail on the manner in which the stones have been dressed; some subsequently carved with axe and dagger symbols. The prob…
Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Immediate Environs, 2009–2013: Part 1 – the Landscape and Earthworks
Integrated non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Among them are periglacial and natural topographical structures, including a chalk mound that may have influenced site development. Some geophysical anomalies are similar to the post-holes in the car park of known Mesolithic date, while others beneath the barrows …
Stepped frequency ground‐penetrating radar survey with a multi‐element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites
A series of trial geophysical surveys were conducted with a 3d‐Radar GeoScope ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) utilizing a multi‐element array antenna. This system offers the potential for rapid data acquisition at very high sample densities over a wide frequency bandwidth. Field tests, conducted over the Roman town at Silchester, Hampshire, UK, suggested that a revised antenna configuration was necessary to obtain optimum results from the system, …
Stepped frequency GPR survey with a multi-element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites
The value of large scale GPR surveys to landscape archaeology is becoming increasingly important (e.g. Nishimura and Goodman, 2000; Neubauer et al., 2002; Leckebusch, 2003; Linford, 2004). However, the use of conventional single channel instrumentation requires either a significant investment of time for data acquisition or a compromise between sampling methodology and the area of coverage. The recent development of multi-channel, vehicle towed G…
Recent results from the English Heritage caesium magnetometer system in comparison with recent fluxgate gradiometers
Results are presented from a cart‐mounted caesium magnetometer system developed by English Heritage using an array of specially modified Scintrex SM4 sensors, to investigate the application of high sensitivity magnetic survey. The caesium data are compared with equivalent datasets collected with recently developed fluxgate instruments. The underlying instrument noise level for the magnetometer systems is considered together with attempts to quant…
Archaeomagnetic dating of Dogmersfield Park brick kiln (Southern England)
An automated approach to the analysis of the arrangement of post‐pits at Stanton Drew
After the surprising discovery of concentric arrangements of post‐pits within the megalithic stone circles at Stanton Drew in Somerset, it was decided to map their geometry using an automated approach. The algorithm developed relies on the use of correlation registration to allow the locations of pit anomalies to be identified automatically. Concentric circular arrangements of pits are then classified using a modified Hough transform, adapted to …
Dating environmental change using magnetic bacteria in archaeological soils from the upper Thames Valley, UK
Ground penetrating radar survey over a Roman building at Groundwell Ridge, Blunsdon St Andrew, Swindon, UK
A ground penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was conducted over well‐preserved building remains revealed during a previous geophysical survey (1996) covering an apparent complex of Roman activity discovered at Groundwell Ridge to the north of Swindon, UK. Despite unfavourable, clay‐rich soil conditions, the GPR survey provided a detailed plan of the Roman remains to a depth of approximately 1 m, confirming their survival in the very near surface. The …
A rival to Stonehenge? Geophysical survey at Stanton Drew, England
The development of geophysical survey remains a spearhead-priority for new research and cultural resource management alike - since geophysics can find and map sites without destroying them. However, there are current weaknesses of sensitivity and resolution - the instruments cannot easily "see" small features like graves and post-holes of which so many ancient sites are principally composed. Great hopes have been invested in caesium vapour magnet…
Large‐scale systematic fluxgate gradiometry at the roman city of Wroxeter
Over a number of field sessions, the Roman city of Wroxeter was surveyed using fluxgate gradiometers. In the paper the authors describe the strategy for assessing a large site, approximately 0.7 km2 in size, as well as presenting the graphical results. Prior to the survey it was believed that Wroxeter was a ‘garden city’ with areas of open space inside the defensive ramparts. The results of the magnetic survey, however, suggested that almost the …
Large-scale systematic fluxgate gradiometry at the roman city of Wroxeter: Large-scale Systematic Fluxgate Gradiometry
Over a number of field sessions, the Roman city of Wroxeter was surveyed using fluxgate gradiometers. In the paper the authors describe the strategy for assessing a large site, approximately 0.7 km2 in size, as well as presenting the graphical results. Prior to the survey it was believed that Wroxeter was a ‘garden city’ with areas of open space inside the defensive ramparts. The results of the magnetic survey, however, suggested that almost the …
Attempts to Date Salt-making Activity in Iron Age Britain using Magnetic Inclinations
The english heritage geophysical survey database: An update
Advances in archaeomagnetic dating in Britain: New data, new approaches and a new calibration curve
Archaeomagnetic dating offers a valuable chronological tool for archaeological investigations, particularly for dating fired material. The method depends on the establishment of a dated record of secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field and this paper presents new and updated archaeomagnetic directional data from the UK and geomagnetic secular variation curves arising from them. The data are taken from publications from the 1950's to the p…
Middle Neolithic pits and a burial at West Amesbury, Wiltshire
Excavations on the south-eastern slopes of King Barrow Ridge, 1.5 km east of Stonehenge, revealed five pits, a grave and other features of Middle Neolithic date. Analysis of the pit assemblages and the partial inhumation interred in the grave has provided insights into lifeways in this landscape in the late fourth millennium cal BC. Evidence suggests that the area was visited by a pastoralist, mobile community on a semi-regular basis for a signif…
A rival to Stonehenge? Geophysical survey at Stanton Drew, England
The development of geophysical survey remains a spearhead-priority for new research and cultural resource management alike - since geophysics can find and map sites without destroying them. However, there are current weaknesses of sensitivity and resolution - the instruments cannot easily "see" small features like graves and post-holes of which so many ancient sites are principally composed. Great hopes have been invested in caesium vapour magnet…
Dating environmental change using magnetic bacteria in archaeological soils from the upper Thames Valley, UK
Stepped frequency ground‐penetrating radar survey with a multi‐element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites
A series of trial geophysical surveys were conducted with a 3d‐Radar GeoScope ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) utilizing a multi‐element array antenna. This system offers the potential for rapid data acquisition at very high sample densities over a wide frequency bandwidth. Field tests, conducted over the Roman town at Silchester, Hampshire, UK, suggested that a revised antenna configuration was necessary to obtain optimum results from the system, …
Recent results from the English Heritage caesium magnetometer system in comparison with recent fluxgate gradiometers
Results are presented from a cart‐mounted caesium magnetometer system developed by English Heritage using an array of specially modified Scintrex SM4 sensors, to investigate the application of high sensitivity magnetic survey. The caesium data are compared with equivalent datasets collected with recently developed fluxgate instruments. The underlying instrument noise level for the magnetometer systems is considered together with attempts to quant…
Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Environs, 2009–2013: Part 2 – the Stones
Non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘Triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Geophysical anomalies may signal the position of buried stones adding to the possibility of former stone arrangements, while laser scanning has provided detail on the manner in which the stones have been dressed; some subsequently carved with axe and dagger symbols. The prob…
Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Immediate Environs, 2009–2013: Part 1 – the Landscape and Earthworks
Integrated non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Among them are periglacial and natural topographical structures, including a chalk mound that may have influenced site development. Some geophysical anomalies are similar to the post-holes in the car park of known Mesolithic date, while others beneath the barrows …
Archaeomagnetic dating of Dogmersfield Park brick kiln (Southern England)
Ground penetrating radar survey over a Roman building at Groundwell Ridge, Blunsdon St Andrew, Swindon, UK
A ground penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was conducted over well‐preserved building remains revealed during a previous geophysical survey (1996) covering an apparent complex of Roman activity discovered at Groundwell Ridge to the north of Swindon, UK. Despite unfavourable, clay‐rich soil conditions, the GPR survey provided a detailed plan of the Roman remains to a depth of approximately 1 m, confirming their survival in the very near surface. The …
Geophysical Survey at Mount Pleasant Henge
First complete geophysical survey coverage of the Mount Pleasant mega-henge.– Evaluation of plough damage and erosion of the henge earthworks using GPR.– Reprocessing and comparison of Clark’s original magnetic survey from 50 years ago
Stepped frequency GPR survey with a multi-element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites
The value of large scale GPR surveys to landscape archaeology is becoming increasingly important (e.g. Nishimura and Goodman, 2000; Neubauer et al., 2002; Leckebusch, 2003; Linford, 2004). However, the use of conventional single channel instrumentation requires either a significant investment of time for data acquisition or a compromise between sampling methodology and the area of coverage. The recent development of multi-channel, vehicle towed G…
Attempts to Date Salt-making Activity in Iron Age Britain using Magnetic Inclinations
The english heritage geophysical survey database: An update
Attempts to Date Salt-making Activity in Iron Age Britain using Magnetic Inclinations
Large‐scale systematic fluxgate gradiometry at the roman city of Wroxeter
Over a number of field sessions, the Roman city of Wroxeter was surveyed using fluxgate gradiometers. In the paper the authors describe the strategy for assessing a large site, approximately 0.7 km2 in size, as well as presenting the graphical results. Prior to the survey it was believed that Wroxeter was a ‘garden city’ with areas of open space inside the defensive ramparts. The results of the magnetic survey, however, suggested that almost the …
Large-scale systematic fluxgate gradiometry at the roman city of Wroxeter: Large-scale Systematic Fluxgate Gradiometry
Over a number of field sessions, the Roman city of Wroxeter was surveyed using fluxgate gradiometers. In the paper the authors describe the strategy for assessing a large site, approximately 0.7 km2 in size, as well as presenting the graphical results. Prior to the survey it was believed that Wroxeter was a ‘garden city’ with areas of open space inside the defensive ramparts. The results of the magnetic survey, however, suggested that almost the …
Ground penetrating radar survey over a Roman building at Groundwell Ridge, Blunsdon St Andrew, Swindon, UK
A ground penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was conducted over well‐preserved building remains revealed during a previous geophysical survey (1996) covering an apparent complex of Roman activity discovered at Groundwell Ridge to the north of Swindon, UK. Despite unfavourable, clay‐rich soil conditions, the GPR survey provided a detailed plan of the Roman remains to a depth of approximately 1 m, confirming their survival in the very near surface. The …
A rival to Stonehenge? Geophysical survey at Stanton Drew, England
The development of geophysical survey remains a spearhead-priority for new research and cultural resource management alike - since geophysics can find and map sites without destroying them. However, there are current weaknesses of sensitivity and resolution - the instruments cannot easily "see" small features like graves and post-holes of which so many ancient sites are principally composed. Great hopes have been invested in caesium vapour magnet…
An automated approach to the analysis of the arrangement of post‐pits at Stanton Drew
After the surprising discovery of concentric arrangements of post‐pits within the megalithic stone circles at Stanton Drew in Somerset, it was decided to map their geometry using an automated approach. The algorithm developed relies on the use of correlation registration to allow the locations of pit anomalies to be identified automatically. Concentric circular arrangements of pits are then classified using a modified Hough transform, adapted to …
Dating environmental change using magnetic bacteria in archaeological soils from the upper Thames Valley, UK
Archaeomagnetic dating of Dogmersfield Park brick kiln (Southern England)
Recent results from the English Heritage caesium magnetometer system in comparison with recent fluxgate gradiometers
Results are presented from a cart‐mounted caesium magnetometer system developed by English Heritage using an array of specially modified Scintrex SM4 sensors, to investigate the application of high sensitivity magnetic survey. The caesium data are compared with equivalent datasets collected with recently developed fluxgate instruments. The underlying instrument noise level for the magnetometer systems is considered together with attempts to quant…
Stepped frequency GPR survey with a multi-element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites
The value of large scale GPR surveys to landscape archaeology is becoming increasingly important (e.g. Nishimura and Goodman, 2000; Neubauer et al., 2002; Leckebusch, 2003; Linford, 2004). However, the use of conventional single channel instrumentation requires either a significant investment of time for data acquisition or a compromise between sampling methodology and the area of coverage. The recent development of multi-channel, vehicle towed G…
Stepped frequency ground‐penetrating radar survey with a multi‐element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites
A series of trial geophysical surveys were conducted with a 3d‐Radar GeoScope ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) utilizing a multi‐element array antenna. This system offers the potential for rapid data acquisition at very high sample densities over a wide frequency bandwidth. Field tests, conducted over the Roman town at Silchester, Hampshire, UK, suggested that a revised antenna configuration was necessary to obtain optimum results from the system, …
Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Immediate Environs, 2009–2013: Part 1 – the Landscape and Earthworks
Integrated non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Among them are periglacial and natural topographical structures, including a chalk mound that may have influenced site development. Some geophysical anomalies are similar to the post-holes in the car park of known Mesolithic date, while others beneath the barrows …
Analytical Surveys of Stonehenge and its Environs, 2009–2013: Part 2 – the Stones
Non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘Triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Geophysical anomalies may signal the position of buried stones adding to the possibility of former stone arrangements, while laser scanning has provided detail on the manner in which the stones have been dressed; some subsequently carved with axe and dagger symbols. The prob…
Advances in archaeomagnetic dating in Britain: New data, new approaches and a new calibration curve
Archaeomagnetic dating offers a valuable chronological tool for archaeological investigations, particularly for dating fired material. The method depends on the establishment of a dated record of secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field and this paper presents new and updated archaeomagnetic directional data from the UK and geomagnetic secular variation curves arising from them. The data are taken from publications from the 1950's to the p…
Recent Investigations at Two Long Barrows and Reflections on their Context in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site and Environs
Recent geophysical surveys and excavations at Druid's Lodge Estate, in fields west of the Diamond Wood in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (SWHS), have confirmed the existence of the Winterbourne Stoke 71 long barrow and discovered a new long barrow (Winterbourne Stoke 86) a short distance to the south. Survey and excavation show internal features at both barrows and, alongside aerial photography, suggest that both monuments were destroyed duri…
Middle Neolithic pits and a burial at West Amesbury, Wiltshire
Excavations on the south-eastern slopes of King Barrow Ridge, 1.5 km east of Stonehenge, revealed five pits, a grave and other features of Middle Neolithic date. Analysis of the pit assemblages and the partial inhumation interred in the grave has provided insights into lifeways in this landscape in the late fourth millennium cal BC. Evidence suggests that the area was visited by a pastoralist, mobile community on a semi-regular basis for a signif…
Geophysical Survey at Mount Pleasant Henge
First complete geophysical survey coverage of the Mount Pleasant mega-henge.– Evaluation of plough damage and erosion of the henge earthworks using GPR.– Reprocessing and comparison of Clark’s original magnetic survey from 50 years ago
Geology (17 works) · Archaeology (15 works) · Geography (14 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods (6 works) · Geophysical Methods and Applications (6 works) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (5 works) · Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies (5 works) · Geophysics (5 works)