Valerie M Hudson
Biographic Data
| ID | 1070592 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Valerie M Hudson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Valerie M |
| FAMILY NAME | Hudson |
| SIGNATURE | HUDSON V M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Brigham Young University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4330-6571 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 426 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1989 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Whither Women and Peace and Security
UNSCR 1325, which in 2000 formally announced the international Women and Peace and Security (WPS) agenda for action, enjoins a battle that can never end, one in which women will always find themselves on the back foot—but one which remains worth fighting. It is the battle to make the ear of man listen to what women know about security and about peace that men might not. It is also the battle to understand that there will be no peace within and be…
The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance
The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance examines how artificial intelligence (AI) interacts with and influences governance systems. It also examines how governance systems influence and interact with AI. The handbook spans 49 chapters across nine major sections. These sections are (1) Introduction and Overview, (2) Value Foundations of AI Governance, (3) Developing an AI Governance Regulatory Ecosystem, (4) Frameworks and Approaches for AI Governanc…
Sex and Terror: Is the Subordination of Women Associated with the Use of Terror
The overwhelming percentage of the perpetrators of terrorism are male: is this noteworthy, or not? We believe that it is. More specifically, we believe there is a complex mix of sex-linked grievance for men, sex-linked training for men, and sex-linked lack of voice for women that facilitates, and may even catalyze, the perpetration of terrorism. Without knowledge of those sex-linked pathways, we argue that efforts to counter terror are less effec…
Response to Cook and Thies
Foreign Policy Analysis: Classic and Contemporary Theory
Forereign Policy Analysis: Classic and Contemporary Theoryis a succinct yet comprehensive introduction to Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) geared toward advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. Cogently written, clearly organized, and filled with illuminating examples, the third edition has been thoroughly revised and updated. Beginning with an overview of this broad field of study, Hudson and Day consider theory and research at multi…
Foreign Policy Analysis: Origins (1954–93) and Contestations
A country’s foreign policy, also called its foreign relations, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations (IR) milieu. The study of such strategic plans is called foreign policy analysis (FPA). The inception of foreign relations in human affairs and the need for foreign policy to deal with them is as old as the organization of human life in g…
The Boundedness of Foreign Policy Analysis Theory
Is there a “North American-ness” to the theoretical frameworks of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA)? To answer that question, this special issue asks scholars from areas outside of North America to reflect upon whether they have had to challenge or transcend the originary “North American-ness” of the conceptual frameworks and empirical methodologies they have used—including the operational code approach, the bureaucratic politics model and Groupthink…
Debates Over U.S. Foreign Policy: A Critical Dialogue
In Plain Sight: The Neglected Linkage between Brideprice and Violent Conflict
Approximately seventy-five percent of the world's population lives in countries where asset exchange upon marriage is obligatory. Rising brideprice—money or gifts provided to a woman's family by the groom and his family as part of marriage arrangements—is a common if overlooked catalyst of violent conflict. In patrilineal (and some matrilineal) societies where brideprice is practiced, a man's social status is directly connected to his marital sta…
Patrilineality, Son Preference, and Sex Selection in South Korea and Vietnam
Recent advances in promoting the rights of women and girls globally have been partially offset by increasing implementation of son preference through offspring sex selection, leading to rising sex ratios at birth1 (SRB) and child sex ratios throughout Asia, as well as parts of Eastern Europe and Africa. The past two decades have seen the number of countries with high child sex ratios increase from five to nineteen (Hudson and den Boer 2015). In r…
The history and evolution of foreign policy analysis
This chapter traces the history and evolution of foreign policy analysis (FPA) as a subfield of international relations (IR) from its beginnings in the 1950s through its classical period until 1993. It begins with a discussion of three paradigmatic works that laid the foundation of FPA: Decision Making as an Approach to the Study of International Politics (1954), by Richard C. Snyder, H. W. Bruck, and Burton Sapin; ‘Pre-theories and Theories of F…
The Hillary Doctrine: Sex and American Foreign Policy
Hillary Rodham Clinton is the first Secretary of State to declare the subjugation of women worldwide a serious threat to U.S. national security. Known as the Hillary Doctrine, her stance was made part of the 2010 Quadrennial Diplomatic and Development Review of U.S. foreign policy, formally committing America to the proposition that the empowerment of women is a stabilizing force for domestic and international peace. Blending history, fieldwork, …
Women’s Status and National and International Security
The Hillary doctrine: Sex & American foreign policy
Hillary Rodham Clinton was the first Secretary of State to declare the subjugation of women worldwide a serious threat to U.S. national security. Known as the Hillary Doctrine, her stance was the impetus behind the 2010 Quadrennial Diplomatic and Development Review of U.S. foreign policy, formally committing America to the proposition that the empowerment of women is a stabilizing force for domestic and international peace. Blending history, fiel…
Conspicuous Silence: American Foreign Policy, Women, and Saudi Arabia : A Selection from the Hillary Doctrine
Clan Governance and State Stability: The Relationship between Female Subordination and Political Order
We propose that the relative influence of clans is an important explanatory factor producing significant variation in state stability and security across societies. We explore the micro-level processes that link clan predominance with dysfunctional syndromes of state behavior. Clans typically privilege agnatic descent from the patriline and are characterized by extreme subordination of women effected through marriage practices. Particular types o…
But Now Can See: One Academic's Journey to Feminist Security Studies
This essay expresses my gratitude for the spirit of inclusiveness shown by the first generation of Feminist Security Studies (FSS) scholars. I would like to see FSS remain a large tent, for in constructing boundaries for FSS, we may unintentionally make it smaller than it really is. Indeed, I would like to explore the value of inclusiveness to FSS by undertaking a bit of autobiography. I was a poor candidate to wind up as part of this field; the …
What Is the Relationship between Inequity in Family Law and Violence against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves
Family law” is the term applied to the legal regulation of marriage and parenthood within a society, and may serve to express a society's accepted ideals concerning male–female relations. Adopting a feminist evolutionary analytic (FEA) approach, we hypothesize that nation-states with higher degrees of inequity in family law favoring men, codifying an evolutionary legacy of male dominance and control over female reproduction, will experience highe…
Life Sciences and Islamic Suicide Terrorism
December 01 2010 Life Sciences and Islamic Suicide Terrorism Mia Bloom, Mia Bloom Mia Bloom is Associate Professor of International Studies and Women's Studies at Pennsylvania State University and Research Fellow at the International Center for the Study of Terrorism. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Bradley A. Thayer, Bradley A. Thayer Bradley A. Thayer is Professor of Political Science at Baylor University. Sea…
Sex and the Shaheed: Insights from the Life Sciences on Islamic Suicide Terrorism
Theoretical insights from evolutionary psychology and biology can help academics and policymakers better understand both deep and proximate causes of Islamic suicide terrorism. The life sciences can contribute explanations that probe the influence of the following forces on the phenomenon of Islamic suicide terrorism: high levels of gender differentiation, the prevalence of polygyny, and the obstruction of marriage markets delaying marriage for y…
Sex, War, and Peace: Rank, and Winter on Rank
The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States
Does the security of women influence the security and behavior of states? Existing evidence linking the situation of women to state-level variables such as economic prosperity and growth, health, and corruption is fairly conclusive. Questions remain, however, concerning the degree to which state security and state security-related behavior is linked to the security of women. The “women and peace” thesis draws upon evolutionary biology/psychology …
The WomanStats Project Database: Advancing an Empirical Research Agenda
This article describes the WomanStats Project Database - a multidisciplinary creation of a central repository for cross-national data and information on women available for use by academics, policy-makers, journalists, and all others. WomanStats is freely accessible online, thus facilitating worldwide scholarship on issues with gendered aspects. WomanStats contains over 260 variables for 174 countries and their attendant subnational divisions (wh…
Discrete Sequence Rule Models as a Social Science Methodology: An Exploratory Analysis of Foreign Policy Rule Enactment within Palestinian–Israeli Event Data
Existing formal models of political behavior have followed the lead of the natural sciences and generally focused on methods that use contin-uous-variable mathematics. In 2002, Stephen Wolfram produced an extended critique of that approach in the natural sciences, and sug-gested that a great deal of natural behavior can be accounted for using rules that produce discrete patterns. This paper reports some initial findings designed to apply this pat…
Where is Strategic Culture to Be Found? The Case of China
Will the rise of China as a global power bring greater stability or greater conflict to the international system? A small cottage industry has appeared, which attempts to resolve this question through the concept of “strategic culture.” Ancient Legalist and Confucian texts, as well as dynastic histories, undergo exegesis of the most minute and detailed variety in order to shed some light on enduring themes and predispositions inherent in the Chin…
Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations
Journal Article Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations Get access Valerie M. Hudson Valerie M. Hudson Brigham Young University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Foreign Policy Analysis, Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2005, Pages 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2005.00001.x Published: 04 February 2005
The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States
Does the security of women influence the security and behavior of states? Existing evidence linking the situation of women to state-level variables such as economic prosperity and growth, health, and corruption is fairly conclusive. Questions remain, however, concerning the degree to which state security and state security-related behavior is linked to the security of women. The “women and peace” thesis draws upon evolutionary biology/psychology …
Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population
Books reviewed: Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population. By Valerie Hudson and Andrea den Boer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2004. 400 pp. Reviewed by Rose McDermott University of California, Santa Barbara
Clan Governance and State Stability: The Relationship between Female Subordination and Political Order
We propose that the relative influence of clans is an important explanatory factor producing significant variation in state stability and security across societies. We explore the micro-level processes that link clan predominance with dysfunctional syndromes of state behavior. Clans typically privilege agnatic descent from the patriline and are characterized by extreme subordination of women effected through marriage practices. Particular types o…
A Surplus of Men, A Deficit of Peace: Security and Sex Ratios in Asia's Largest States
International Security - Volume 26, Number 4, Spring 2002
Artificial Intelligence and International Politics
For over a decade researchers in international relations have sought ways to combine the rigor of quantitative techniques with the richness of qualitative data. Many have discovered that artificial intelligence computer models allow them to do just that. This is an overview of their research
Patrilineality, Son Preference, and Sex Selection in South Korea and Vietnam
Recent advances in promoting the rights of women and girls globally have been partially offset by increasing implementation of son preference through offspring sex selection, leading to rising sex ratios at birth1 (SRB) and child sex ratios throughout Asia, as well as parts of Eastern Europe and Africa. The past two decades have seen the number of countries with high child sex ratios increase from five to nineteen (Hudson and den Boer 2015). In r…
What Is the Relationship between Inequity in Family Law and Violence against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves
Family law” is the term applied to the legal regulation of marriage and parenthood within a society, and may serve to express a society's accepted ideals concerning male–female relations. Adopting a feminist evolutionary analytic (FEA) approach, we hypothesize that nation-states with higher degrees of inequity in family law favoring men, codifying an evolutionary legacy of male dominance and control over female reproduction, will experience highe…
Cultural Expectations of One's Own and Other Nations' Foreign Policy Action Templates
One useful conceptualization of culture is that of a preestablished set of behavioral competencies, which in turn form behavioral dispositions. According to this variant of culture theory, decision‐makers faced with new situations will rely on established behavioral competencies in forming an initial policy response. This assumption can also be applied at the nation‐state level, where established behavioral predispositions may lessen uncertainty …
Sex and the Shaheed: Insights from the Life Sciences on Islamic Suicide Terrorism
Theoretical insights from evolutionary psychology and biology can help academics and policymakers better understand both deep and proximate causes of Islamic suicide terrorism. The life sciences can contribute explanations that probe the influence of the following forces on the phenomenon of Islamic suicide terrorism: high levels of gender differentiation, the prevalence of polygyny, and the obstruction of marriage markets delaying marriage for y…
Birth Order of World Leaders: An Exploratory Analysis of Effects on Personality and Behavior
L'objet de cette recherche est de tenter de verifier s'il existe un lien entre les caracteristiques personnelles, les orientations en matiere de politique exterieure et le rang dans la fratrie chez les leaders mondiaux comme le suggererait la litterature en la matiere. Une analyse exploratoire empirique de ces facteurs a ete realisee a l'egard de 46 leaders mondiaux. Les resultats laissent apparaitre que le rang de naissance peut s'apprecier, se …
The WomanStats Project Database: Advancing an Empirical Research Agenda
This article describes the WomanStats Project Database - a multidisciplinary creation of a central repository for cross-national data and information on women available for use by academics, policy-makers, journalists, and all others. WomanStats is freely accessible online, thus facilitating worldwide scholarship on issues with gendered aspects. WomanStats contains over 260 variables for 174 countries and their attendant subnational divisions (wh…
Are All Politics Domestic? Perspectives on the Integration of Comparative Politics and International Relations Theories
But Now Can See: One Academic's Journey to Feminist Security Studies
This essay expresses my gratitude for the spirit of inclusiveness shown by the first generation of Feminist Security Studies (FSS) scholars. I would like to see FSS remain a large tent, for in constructing boundaries for FSS, we may unintentionally make it smaller than it really is. Indeed, I would like to explore the value of inclusiveness to FSS by undertaking a bit of autobiography. I was a poor candidate to wind up as part of this field; the …
In Plain Sight: The Neglected Linkage between Brideprice and Violent Conflict
Approximately seventy-five percent of the world's population lives in countries where asset exchange upon marriage is obligatory. Rising brideprice—money or gifts provided to a woman's family by the groom and his family as part of marriage arrangements—is a common if overlooked catalyst of violent conflict. In patrilineal (and some matrilineal) societies where brideprice is practiced, a man's social status is directly connected to his marital sta…
Culture Is More than a Static Residual: Introduction to the Special Section on Culture and Foreign Policy
The literature on international relations frequently refers to culture in broad, macro‐level ways to explain what cannot be explained by economic or military power. The assumptions that culture is simple, uniform and the opposite of power are, in the view of the authors, erroneous. Also, the authors note that there is a lack of scholarly interaction among psychologists interested in cross‐cultural phenomena and international relations specialists…
Why the third world matters, why Europe probably won't: The geoeconomics of circumscribed engagement
Whither Women and Peace and Security
UNSCR 1325, which in 2000 formally announced the international Women and Peace and Security (WPS) agenda for action, enjoins a battle that can never end, one in which women will always find themselves on the back foot—but one which remains worth fighting. It is the battle to make the ear of man listen to what women know about security and about peace that men might not. It is also the battle to understand that there will be no peace within and be…
Sex and Terror: Is the Subordination of Women Associated with the Use of Terror
The overwhelming percentage of the perpetrators of terrorism are male: is this noteworthy, or not? We believe that it is. More specifically, we believe there is a complex mix of sex-linked grievance for men, sex-linked training for men, and sex-linked lack of voice for women that facilitates, and may even catalyze, the perpetration of terrorism. Without knowledge of those sex-linked pathways, we argue that efforts to counter terror are less effec…
The Boundedness of Foreign Policy Analysis Theory
Is there a “North American-ness” to the theoretical frameworks of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA)? To answer that question, this special issue asks scholars from areas outside of North America to reflect upon whether they have had to challenge or transcend the originary “North American-ness” of the conceptual frameworks and empirical methodologies they have used—including the operational code approach, the bureaucratic politics model and Groupthink…
Sex, War, and Peace: Rank, and Winter on Rank
Response to Cook and Thies
The USA and Latin America at the end of the Columbian age: How America ‘cut the Atlantic apron strings’ in 1992
The Situational Imperative: A Predictive Model of Foreign Policy Behavior
Hudson, V. M., Hermann, C. F., Singer, E. The Situational Imperative: A Predictive Model of Foreign Policy Behavior. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIV, 1989, 117-139. Foreign policy behaviors, defined in terms of the intensity of affect and commitment an actor conveys to external recipients using various instruments of statecraft, are explained in terms of a situational model. The model represents an externally-defined predisposition that will influ…
Homer Lea's geopolitical theory: Valor or ignorance
(1989). Homer Lea's geopolitical theory: Valor or ignorance? Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 324-348
The Situational Imperative: A Predictive Model of Foreign Policy Behavior
Hudson, V. M., Hermann, C. F., Singer, E. The Situational Imperative: A Predictive Model of Foreign Policy Behavior. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIV, 1989, 117-139. Foreign policy behaviors, defined in terms of the intensity of affect and commitment an actor conveys to external recipients using various instruments of statecraft, are explained in terms of a situational model. The model represents an externally-defined predisposition that will influ…
Birth Order of World Leaders: An Exploratory Analysis of Effects on Personality and Behavior
L'objet de cette recherche est de tenter de verifier s'il existe un lien entre les caracteristiques personnelles, les orientations en matiere de politique exterieure et le rang dans la fratrie chez les leaders mondiaux comme le suggererait la litterature en la matiere. Une analyse exploratoire empirique de ces facteurs a ete realisee a l'egard de 46 leaders mondiaux. Les resultats laissent apparaitre que le rang de naissance peut s'apprecier, se …
Why the third world matters, why Europe probably won't: The geoeconomics of circumscribed engagement
The USA and Latin America at the end of the Columbian age: How America ‘cut the Atlantic apron strings’ in 1992
Artificial Intelligence and International Politics
For over a decade researchers in international relations have sought ways to combine the rigor of quantitative techniques with the richness of qualitative data. Many have discovered that artificial intelligence computer models allow them to do just that. This is an overview of their research
Homer Lea and the Chinese Contras: The Chinese Imperial Reform Army in America, 1901-1911
Foreign Policy Analysis Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
The catalytic shock of the end of the Cold War and the apparent inability of international relations (IR) theory to predict this profound change have raised questions about how we should go about understanding the world of today. Our inherited tools and ways of describing the international arena seem not to work as well as they once did. To explain and predict the behavior of the human collectivities comprising nation-states, IR theory requires a…
Are All Politics Domestic? Perspectives on the Integration of Comparative Politics and International Relations Theories
Culture and Foreign Policy
During the Cold War years, one could argue that the constraints of the bipolar rivalry dwarfed in large part the domestic idiosyncrasies of nations. Now, however, nations often define national interest in terms of particularistic domestic motivations and imperatives--a change that calls for systemic study of the effect of societal culture on foreign policy. This collection introduces the reader to the evolution of thinking about culturue and fore…
Culture Is More than a Static Residual: Introduction to the Special Section on Culture and Foreign Policy
The literature on international relations frequently refers to culture in broad, macro‐level ways to explain what cannot be explained by economic or military power. The assumptions that culture is simple, uniform and the opposite of power are, in the view of the authors, erroneous. Also, the authors note that there is a lack of scholarly interaction among psychologists interested in cross‐cultural phenomena and international relations specialists…
Cultural Expectations of One's Own and Other Nations' Foreign Policy Action Templates
One useful conceptualization of culture is that of a preestablished set of behavioral competencies, which in turn form behavioral dispositions. According to this variant of culture theory, decision‐makers faced with new situations will rely on established behavioral competencies in forming an initial policy response. This assumption can also be applied at the nation‐state level, where established behavioral predispositions may lessen uncertainty …
Gettysburg's Unknown Soldier: The Life, Death, and Celebrity of Amos Humiston
A Surplus of Men, A Deficit of Peace: Security and Sex Ratios in Asia's Largest States
International Security - Volume 26, Number 4, Spring 2002
Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations
Journal Article Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations Get access Valerie M. Hudson Valerie M. Hudson Brigham Young University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Foreign Policy Analysis, Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2005, Pages 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2005.00001.x Published: 04 February 2005
Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population
Books reviewed: Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population. By Valerie Hudson and Andrea den Boer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2004. 400 pp. Reviewed by Rose McDermott University of California, Santa Barbara
Discrete Sequence Rule Models as a Social Science Methodology: An Exploratory Analysis of Foreign Policy Rule Enactment within Palestinian–Israeli Event Data
Existing formal models of political behavior have followed the lead of the natural sciences and generally focused on methods that use contin-uous-variable mathematics. In 2002, Stephen Wolfram produced an extended critique of that approach in the natural sciences, and sug-gested that a great deal of natural behavior can be accounted for using rules that produce discrete patterns. This paper reports some initial findings designed to apply this pat…
Where is Strategic Culture to Be Found? The Case of China
Will the rise of China as a global power bring greater stability or greater conflict to the international system? A small cottage industry has appeared, which attempts to resolve this question through the concept of “strategic culture.” Ancient Legalist and Confucian texts, as well as dynastic histories, undergo exegesis of the most minute and detailed variety in order to shed some light on enduring themes and predispositions inherent in the Chin…
The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States
Does the security of women influence the security and behavior of states? Existing evidence linking the situation of women to state-level variables such as economic prosperity and growth, health, and corruption is fairly conclusive. Questions remain, however, concerning the degree to which state security and state security-related behavior is linked to the security of women. The “women and peace” thesis draws upon evolutionary biology/psychology …
The WomanStats Project Database: Advancing an Empirical Research Agenda
This article describes the WomanStats Project Database - a multidisciplinary creation of a central repository for cross-national data and information on women available for use by academics, policy-makers, journalists, and all others. WomanStats is freely accessible online, thus facilitating worldwide scholarship on issues with gendered aspects. WomanStats contains over 260 variables for 174 countries and their attendant subnational divisions (wh…
Life Sciences and Islamic Suicide Terrorism
December 01 2010 Life Sciences and Islamic Suicide Terrorism Mia Bloom, Mia Bloom Mia Bloom is Associate Professor of International Studies and Women's Studies at Pennsylvania State University and Research Fellow at the International Center for the Study of Terrorism. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Bradley A. Thayer, Bradley A. Thayer Bradley A. Thayer is Professor of Political Science at Baylor University. Sea…
Sex and the Shaheed: Insights from the Life Sciences on Islamic Suicide Terrorism
Theoretical insights from evolutionary psychology and biology can help academics and policymakers better understand both deep and proximate causes of Islamic suicide terrorism. The life sciences can contribute explanations that probe the influence of the following forces on the phenomenon of Islamic suicide terrorism: high levels of gender differentiation, the prevalence of polygyny, and the obstruction of marriage markets delaying marriage for y…
Sex, War, and Peace: Rank, and Winter on Rank
But Now Can See: One Academic's Journey to Feminist Security Studies
This essay expresses my gratitude for the spirit of inclusiveness shown by the first generation of Feminist Security Studies (FSS) scholars. I would like to see FSS remain a large tent, for in constructing boundaries for FSS, we may unintentionally make it smaller than it really is. Indeed, I would like to explore the value of inclusiveness to FSS by undertaking a bit of autobiography. I was a poor candidate to wind up as part of this field; the …
What Is the Relationship between Inequity in Family Law and Violence against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves
Family law” is the term applied to the legal regulation of marriage and parenthood within a society, and may serve to express a society's accepted ideals concerning male–female relations. Adopting a feminist evolutionary analytic (FEA) approach, we hypothesize that nation-states with higher degrees of inequity in family law favoring men, codifying an evolutionary legacy of male dominance and control over female reproduction, will experience highe…
Political science (33 works) · Law (27 works) · Sociology (25 works) · Politics (20 works) · Law (19 works) · Computer Science (16 works) · Economics (13 works) · Foreign policy (10 works) · Gender, Security, and Conflict (9 works) · History (9 works)