Jeff Siegel
Biographic Data
| ID | 108339 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jeff Siegel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jeff |
| FAMILY NAME | Siegel |
| SIGNATURE | SIEGEL J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of New England |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4236-3996 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 201 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
The relative pronoun strategy: New data from southern New Guinea
The Relative Pronoun strategy is commonly used for relativization in European languages such as English – for example: The woman [ who won the lottery ] is my neighbour. In this strategy the head nominal (here the woman ) is indicated inside the relative clause by a clause-initial pronominal element (the relative pronoun, here who ). The Relative Pronoun strategy has been characterized as an exclusively European areal feature (e.g. Comrie 1998 ).…
Contact-Induced Grammatical Change in Melanesia: Who were the Agents of Change
This article examines the currently accepted view about the origins of grammatical change that has occurred in Austronesian languages in contact with Papuan languages in Melanesia. The view is that this change is the result of Austronesian speakers' bilingualism in a Papuan language, and therefore that Austronesian speakers were the agents of change. The article presents an alternative scenario—that the grammatical change may have been the result…
The morphology of tense and aspect in Nama, a Papuan language of southern New Guinea
This paper describes the complex tense and aspect morphology in Nama, a previously undocumented Papuan language of southern New Guinea. Tense/aspect suffixes followed by agent/actor referencing suffixes occur in combination with one of two sets of patient referencing prefixes. Most of the tense/aspect suffixes mark two possible tenses, and the choice of a prefix from a particular set determines the appropriate interpretation. The distinction betw…
The Early Years of Language Contact: Introduction
This introduction outlines the six articles in this special issue, which analyse the early years of language contact in different locations where a language contact variety emerged. The questions this issue aims to address are first, whether the sociolinguistic conditions in the early period of language contact differed significantly from those of later periods, and if so, whether these conditions had a crucial and disproportionate influence on t…
Measuring analyticity and syntheticity in creoles
Creoles (here including expanded pidgins) are commonly viewed as being more analytic than their lexifiers and other languages in terms of grammatical marking. The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine the validity of this view by measuring the frequency of analytic (and synthetic) markers in corpora of two different English-lexified creoles — Tok Pisin and Hawai‘i Creole — and comparing the quantitative results with those f…
Teaching a Second or Additional Dialect
The term “dialect” refers to varieties of the same language that differ from each other in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, and that are associated with particular geographic regions or social groups. The learning of a second or additional dialect is referred to here as second dialect acquisition (SDA).
Two Types of Functional Transfer in Language Contact
The aim of this article is to examine one kind of cross linguistic influence, or transfer, in language contact situations. This is “functional transfer”, defined as applying the grammatical functions of a morpheme from one language to a morpheme in another language that does not normally have these functions. With regard to language contact, most reported instances of this kind of transfer concern the creation of a new grammatical morpheme in an …
Constraints on substrate transfer revisited
In an article in this journal, Bao (2005) proposes a constraint on functional transfer that he claims accounts for features of colloquial Singapore English (and other language contact varieties) better than the congruence constraint proposed by Siegel (1999) and subsequently developed in later works (e.g. Siegel 2003, 2008a). More specifically, Bao argues that the requirement of surface syntactic similarity for transfer is too strong. His analysi…
Felon Disenfranchisement and the Fight for Universal Suffrage
Journal Article Felon Disenfranchisement and the Fight for Universal Suffrage Get access Jonah A. Siegel, MSW Jonah A. Siegel, MSW student Joint Doctoral Program in social work and sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Address correspondence to the author at University of Michigan, Weill Hall, Room 5115, 735 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; e-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed …
Second Dialect Acquisition
What is involved in acquiring a new dialect - for example, when Canadian English speakers move to Australia or African American English-speaking children go to school? How is such learning different from second language acquisition (SLA), and why is it in some ways more difficult? These are some of the questions Jeff Siegel examines in this book, which focuses specifically on second dialect acquisition (SDA). Siegel surveys a wide range of studie…
Bilingual literacy in creole contexts
This article examines whether the conventional notion of bilingual literacy is applicable to speakers of creole languages in terms of autonomy, codification, instrumentalisation, education and literacy practices. It then goes on to describe alternative conceptions of both literacy and bilingualism that appear to be more relevant to creole contexts – namely, the sociocultural literacy approach and truncated bilingualism. The article concludes with…
Linguistic and Educational Aspects of Tok Pisin
Tok Pisin (or New Guinea Pidgin) is the dialect of Melanesian Pidgin spoken in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It serves as the main language of wider communication in a country where over 800 separate indigenous languages are spoken by a population of approximately 4.5 million. The two other dialects of Melanesian Pidgin are Pijin, spoken in Solomon Islands (with over 80 indigenous languages and a population of around 390,000), and Bislama spoken in Van…
Chinese Pidgin English in Southeastern Australia: The notebook of Jong Ah Siug
More than 38,000 Chinese came to Australia to prospect for gold in the second half of the 19th century. Most of them originated from the Canton region of China (now Guangdong), where Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) was an important trading language. This article describes a recently discovered source that throws light on the nature of CPE used in Australia during that period — a 70 page notebook written in a form of English by a Chinese gold miner, …
The Emergence of Pidgin and Creole Languages
This book provides explanations for the emergence of contact languages, especially pidgins and creoles. It assesses the current state of research and examines aspects of current theories and approaches that have excited much controversy and debate. The book answers questions such as: How valid is the notion of a pidgin-creole-postcreole life cycle? Why are many features of pidgins and creoles simple in formal terms compared to other languages? An…
Language description, history and development: Linguistic indulgence in memory of Terry Crowley
Recent evidence against the Language Bioprogram Hypothesis: The pivotal case of Hawai‘i Creole
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Language Contact and Grammatical Change by Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva
Letters to Language
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Darrell T. Tryon & Jean-Michel Charpentier , Pacific pidgins and creoles: Origins, growth and development
Darrell T. Tryon & Jean-Michel Charpentier , Pacific pidgins and creoles: Origins, growth and development . (Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 132). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. Pp. xix, 559. Hb $123.20. The authors of this substantial volume each have more than 30 years of research experience in the Pacific region, primarily in Melanesia – especially Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides). This focus is reflected in the c…
Creolization outside Creolistics
Looking up ‘creolization’ on any data base, or doing a search at amazon.com or simply googling the term will show that it is more widely used outside linguistics than inside – especially in anthropology, sociology, history and literary studies. Jourdan (2001: 2903) notes that the term has been borrowed from linguistics where one of its definitions is the creation of a new language out of contact between at least two different languages. Creolizat…
Terry Crowley 1953–2005
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Applied Creolistics Revisited
Pidgin ranks right up there with ebonics. It's broken English. And when something is broken, you fix it." –-'Honolulu Star-Bulletin', 12/10/99. "For the benefit of Hawai'i children, pidgin should become a thing of the past... There are some things that deserve to die." –-'Honolulu Advertiser', 9/4/02. These quotations from letters to the editor reflect the common view that speaking a creole language – in this case, Hawai'i Creole, locally called …
Literacy in Pidgin and Creole Languages
Pidgin and creole languages are spoken by more than 75 million people, but the vast majority of their speakers acquire literacy in another language – usually the language of a former colonial power. This paper looks at the origins of Pidgins and creoles and explores some of the reasons for their lack of use in formal education. Then it describes some language planning efforts that have occurred with regard to instrumentalisation and graphisation …
Morphological Elaboration
The topic of this column is elaboration, following Syea’s (2002: 200) call for a reassessment of the term. After discussing what is meant by elaboration, and how it differs from restructuring, I concentrate on one aspect – morphological elaboration – and go into its sources and the processes that may be involved – especially language transfer. I conclude with some suggestions for further research
Morphological simplicity in Pidgins and Creoles
My first two columns will go back to the basics, and look at two ofthe fundamental notions used to define pidgin and creole languages – simplification and elaboration (or expansion), following Syea’s (2002: 200) call for a reassessment of these terms. I’ll start here with simplification (or simplicity). First, I’ll illustrate various conceptions of this notion, and then delineate a particular approach that I’ll use to talk about the origins of mo…
Second Dialect Acquisition
What is involved in acquiring a new dialect - for example, when Canadian English speakers move to Australia or African American English-speaking children go to school? How is such learning different from second language acquisition (SLA), and why is it in some ways more difficult? These are some of the questions Jeff Siegel examines in this book, which focuses specifically on second dialect acquisition (SDA). Siegel surveys a wide range of studie…
Koines and koineization
The term "koine" has been applied to a variety of languages, only some of which are analagous in form and function to the original Greekkoinē. The term "koineization" has more recently been applied to the process of levelling which may result in a koine. This article examines various definitions and usages of these terms in the literature and proposes a more precise utilization in the context of contact and resultant mixing between linguistic sub…
How to get a laugh in Fijian: Code-switching and humor
Code-switching from the Fijian language into a variety of Hindi is commonly used for joking among indigenous Fijians. Examples of this codeswitching are described here, and its role in Fijian joking relationships is outlined. A survey of code-switching used for humor in other societies shows that code-switching may be a signal for joking, that the switching itself may be considered humorous, and that the variety to which one switches may be used …
Language Contact in a Plantation Environment: A Sociolinguistic History of Fiji
Part I. Background: 1. The plantation scenario 2. Language contact in Fiji before the plantation era Part II. Languages from the Pacific: 3. Labourers from the Pacific 4. The plantation language: English or Fijian? 5. Plantation Pidgin Fijian Part III. Languages from India: 6. Indian Labourers 7. Plantation languages of the Indian labourers 8. Plantation Pidgin Hindustani Part IV. The linguistic legacies of the plantations: 9. The development of …
Creoles and Minority Dialects in Education: An Overview
This article describes some of the inequities and obstacles faced by speakers of creoles and related 'nonstandard' or minority dialects in formal education. It outlines some proposals for dealing with these problems and then describes some initiatives that have already been taken - such as developing resources for teachers, running public awareness campaigns and actually using the students' home varieties in the classroom. Three types of educatio…
Substrate influence in Hawai'i Creole English
Since the 1970s, it has been assumed that the diverse languages of plantation laborers in Hawai'i had little effect on the development of Hawai'i Creole English (HCE); this view supported theories that emphasize the role of innate linguistic universals in creolization. But recent research has revealed (a) widespread bilingualism among locally born children of laborers before HCE emerged, and (b) the dominance of two ethnic groups at the time - th…
Stigmatized and Standardized Varieties in the Classroom: Interference or Separation
The public tends to view pidgins, creoles, and minority dialects (such as African American Vernacular English) as corrupted or degenerate forms of standardized languages and to fear that their use interferes with students' acquisition of the standard. As a consequence, stigmatized varieties are banned from most classrooms. This article critically examines this popular view by summarizing research on educational programs in which stigmatized varie…
Linguistic identification in the determination of nationality: A preliminary report
Substrate reinforcement and dialectal differences in Melanesian Pidgin
Stabilization of a new contact language involves a process of levelling, or the reduction of variants. One of the factors influencing which grammatical variants are retained in the process is substrate reinforcement - the existence in the substrate languages of a congruent structure with a similar function. This article illustrates substrate reinforcement in the development of the three current dialects of Melanesian Pidgin. First, evidence of ea…
English in Fiji
English is the home language of only 3% of the population in Fiji, but plays an important role in interethnic communication, and as a language of wider communication with the outside world. This article traces the history of English in Fiji, especially in relation to education. The features of Fiji English, a local language variety, are also described
Formal vs. Non-Formal Vernacular Education: The Education Reform in Papua New Guinea
A community-based non-formal education movement in Papua New Guinea has led to hundreds of the country's more than 800 languages being used to teach initialliteracy in local preschool and adult education programmes. The central government, with the help of overseas aid donors, has now embarked on a massive reform of the English-only formal education system. The first three years of formal education will be in vernacular languages at newly establi…
Introduction: Controversies in the Study of Koines and Koineization
Two Types of Functional Transfer in Language Contact
The aim of this article is to examine one kind of cross linguistic influence, or transfer, in language contact situations. This is “functional transfer”, defined as applying the grammatical functions of a morpheme from one language to a morpheme in another language that does not normally have these functions. With regard to language contact, most reported instances of this kind of transfer concern the creation of a new grammatical morpheme in an …
Bilingual literacy in creole contexts
This article examines whether the conventional notion of bilingual literacy is applicable to speakers of creole languages in terms of autonomy, codification, instrumentalisation, education and literacy practices. It then goes on to describe alternative conceptions of both literacy and bilingualism that appear to be more relevant to creole contexts – namely, the sociocultural literacy approach and truncated bilingualism. The article concludes with…
Literacy in Pidgin and Creole Languages
Pidgin and creole languages are spoken by more than 75 million people, but the vast majority of their speakers acquire literacy in another language – usually the language of a former colonial power. This paper looks at the origins of Pidgins and creoles and explores some of the reasons for their lack of use in formal education. Then it describes some language planning efforts that have occurred with regard to instrumentalisation and graphisation …
Indian languages in Fiji: Past, present and future
(1998). Indian languages in Fiji: Past, present and future. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 21, Across The Kala Pani: Indian Overseas Migration and Settlement, pp. 181-214
Origins of Pacific Islands labourers in Fiji
(1985). Origins of Pacific Islands labourers in Fiji. The Journal of Pacific History: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 42-54
Constraints on substrate transfer revisited
In an article in this journal, Bao (2005) proposes a constraint on functional transfer that he claims accounts for features of colloquial Singapore English (and other language contact varieties) better than the congruence constraint proposed by Siegel (1999) and subsequently developed in later works (e.g. Siegel 2003, 2008a). More specifically, Bao argues that the requirement of surface syntactic similarity for transfer is too strong. His analysi…
Felon Disenfranchisement and the Fight for Universal Suffrage
Journal Article Felon Disenfranchisement and the Fight for Universal Suffrage Get access Jonah A. Siegel, MSW Jonah A. Siegel, MSW student Joint Doctoral Program in social work and sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Address correspondence to the author at University of Michigan, Weill Hall, Room 5115, 735 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; e-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed …
Pidgin and English in Melanesia: Is There a Continuum
It is generally accepted that there is a post‐pidgin or post‐creole continuum in Melanesia, similar to those found in West Africa and the Caribbean. But is there really? This question is answered by examining in detail the linguistic features of Tok Pisin (the Papua New Guinea variety of Melanesian Pidgin) which reportedly result from decreolization (or depidginization) and the linguistic features of Papua New Guinea English, looking for the infl…
Plantation Pidgin Fijian
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Origins of Pacific Islands labourers in Fiji
(1985). Origins of Pacific Islands labourers in Fiji. The Journal of Pacific History: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 42-54
Koines and koineization
The term "koine" has been applied to a variety of languages, only some of which are analagous in form and function to the original Greekkoinē. The term "koineization" has more recently been applied to the process of levelling which may result in a koine. This article examines various definitions and usages of these terms in the literature and proposes a more precise utilization in the context of contact and resultant mixing between linguistic sub…
Language Contact in a Plantation Environment: A Sociolinguistic History of Fiji
Part I. Background: 1. The plantation scenario 2. Language contact in Fiji before the plantation era Part II. Languages from the Pacific: 3. Labourers from the Pacific 4. The plantation language: English or Fijian? 5. Plantation Pidgin Fijian Part III. Languages from India: 6. Indian Labourers 7. Plantation languages of the Indian labourers 8. Plantation Pidgin Hindustani Part IV. The linguistic legacies of the plantations: 9. The development of …
Language Contact in a Plantation Environment: A Sociolinguistic History of Fiji
English in Fiji
English is the home language of only 3% of the population in Fiji, but plays an important role in interethnic communication, and as a language of wider communication with the outside world. This article traces the history of English in Fiji, especially in relation to education. The features of Fiji English, a local language variety, are also described
Pidgin English in Nauru
This article reports on a preliminary study of an English-lexifier Pidgin spoken on the tiny Pacific island of Nauru. This pidgin has distinctive features of both Chinese Pidgin English and Pacific Pidgin English, as well as many unique characteristics. Socio-historical information shows that these two forms of Pidgin English have come into contact in Nauru and the data suggests that pidgin mixing, a form of koineization, has occurred. The lingui…
Linguistic Anthropology: A Grammar of Boumaa Fijian. R. M. W. Dixon
Language Transplanted: The Development of Overseas Hindi
The transformation and spread of pidgin Fijian
Introduction: Controversies in the Study of Koines and Koineization
How to get a laugh in Fijian: Code-switching and humor
Code-switching from the Fijian language into a variety of Hindi is commonly used for joking among indigenous Fijians. Examples of this codeswitching are described here, and its role in Fijian joking relationships is outlined. A survey of code-switching used for humor in other societies shows that code-switching may be a signal for joking, that the switching itself may be considered humorous, and that the variety to which one switches may be used …
Pidgin and English in Melanesia: Is There a Continuum
It is generally accepted that there is a post‐pidgin or post‐creole continuum in Melanesia, similar to those found in West Africa and the Caribbean. But is there really? This question is answered by examining in detail the linguistic features of Tok Pisin (the Papua New Guinea variety of Melanesian Pidgin) which reportedly result from decreolization (or depidginization) and the linguistic features of Papua New Guinea English, looking for the infl…
Formal vs. Non-Formal Vernacular Education: The Education Reform in Papua New Guinea
A community-based non-formal education movement in Papua New Guinea has led to hundreds of the country's more than 800 languages being used to teach initialliteracy in local preschool and adult education programmes. The central government, with the help of overseas aid donors, has now embarked on a massive reform of the English-only formal education system. The first three years of formal education will be in vernacular languages at newly establi…
Literacy in Melanesian and Australian Pidgins and Creoles
Recent descriptions of literacy in the English-lexified pidgins and Creoles of Melanesia and Australia have described it as being imposed by outsiders, irrelevant to speakers of these languages and unsuitable for use in formal education. This article presents an opposing point of view. First it outlines recent developments in the region, showing that while literacy may have been introduced from the outside, it has been embraced by many pidgin and…
The Design of Language: An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics
Indian languages in Fiji: Past, present and future
(1998). Indian languages in Fiji: Past, present and future. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 21, Across The Kala Pani: Indian Overseas Migration and Settlement, pp. 181-214
Substrate reinforcement and dialectal differences in Melanesian Pidgin
Stabilization of a new contact language involves a process of levelling, or the reduction of variants. One of the factors influencing which grammatical variants are retained in the process is substrate reinforcement - the existence in the substrate languages of a congruent structure with a similar function. This article illustrates substrate reinforcement in the development of the three current dialects of Melanesian Pidgin. First, evidence of ea…
Transfer Constraints and Substrate Influence in Melanesian Pidgin
This study examines research on transfer in second language acquisition (SLA) in order to identify situational and linguistic factors which may constrain the influence of substrate languages on the developing grammar of a pidgin or creole. A distinction is made between the earlier transfer of L1 features by individuals attempting to use the superstrate language as an L2 for wider communication, and the later retention of a subset of these feature…
Creoles and Minority Dialects in Education: An Overview
This article describes some of the inequities and obstacles faced by speakers of creoles and related 'nonstandard' or minority dialects in formal education. It outlines some proposals for dealing with these problems and then describes some initiatives that have already been taken - such as developing resources for teachers, running public awareness campaigns and actually using the students' home varieties in the classroom. Three types of educatio…
Stigmatized and Standardized Varieties in the Classroom: Interference or Separation
The public tends to view pidgins, creoles, and minority dialects (such as African American Vernacular English) as corrupted or degenerate forms of standardized languages and to fear that their use interferes with students' acquisition of the standard. As a consequence, stigmatized varieties are banned from most classrooms. This article critically examines this popular view by summarizing research on educational programs in which stigmatized varie…
Substrate influence in Hawai'i Creole English
Since the 1970s, it has been assumed that the diverse languages of plantation laborers in Hawai'i had little effect on the development of Hawai'i Creole English (HCE); this view supported theories that emphasize the role of innate linguistic universals in creolization. But recent research has revealed (a) widespread bilingualism among locally born children of laborers before HCE emerged, and (b) the dominance of two ethnic groups at the time - th…
Processes of Language Contact: Studies from Australia and the South Pacific
Linguistic identification in the determination of nationality: A preliminary report
Morphological Elaboration
The topic of this column is elaboration, following Syea’s (2002: 200) call for a reassessment of the term. After discussing what is meant by elaboration, and how it differs from restructuring, I concentrate on one aspect – morphological elaboration – and go into its sources and the processes that may be involved – especially language transfer. I conclude with some suggestions for further research
Linguistics (39 works) · Multilingual Education and Policy (34 works) · Philosophy (34 works) · History (28 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (27 works) · Computer Science (25 works) · Sociology (25 works) · Philosophy (18 works) · Creole language (15 works) · History (15 works)