George J Bey
Biographic Data
| ID | 108973 |
|---|---|
| NAME | George J Bey |
| GIVEN NAMES | George J |
| FAMILY NAME | Bey |
| SIGNATURE | BEY G J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Millsaps College |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 194 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Pottery Economics in Mesoamerica
Changing Archaeological Perspectives on the Northern Maya Lowlands
Middle Preclassic Pottery Production and Exchange in the Northern Maya Lowlands: An Icp-MS Analysis
Evidence of complex and widespread occupations during the Middle Preclassic (1000–350 b.c.) have been identified throughout the Northern Maya Lowlands and are associated with both Mamom and pre-Mamom ceramics. Beyond typological information based on the visual examination of paste, slip, and surface treatment, archaeologists know little about the technology or economics of pottery production and exchange of this period. In this study, we analyze …
Ek’ Balam
Reexamining the Role of Conflict in the Development of Puuc Maya Society
It may help to understand human affairs to be clear that most of the great triumphs and tragedies of history are caused, not by people being fundamentally good or fundamentally bad, but by people being fundamentally people.(Pratchett and Gaiman 1990, 39) For decades prior to the 1980s, when our ability to read ancient texts became more fully developed, the narrative of the ancient Maya as peaceful stargazers dominated and even directed early stud…
Pathways to Complexity: A View from the Maya Lowlands
The Earliest Ceramics of the Northern Maya Lowlands
In Search of Kilns: The Forms and Functions of Annular Structures in the Bolonchén District
Burnt lime production and the Pre-Columbian Maya socio-economy: A case study from the northern Yucatán
Lime Powder Production in the Maya Puuc Region (A.D. 600–950): An Experimental Pit-Kiln
Powdered lime was one of the most significant materials in the daily lives of the Prehispanic Maya, yet archaeologists have uncovered relatively little evidence of production methods or locales prior to the Spanish conquest. The recent identification of a series of pit-kilns dating to the Late and Terminal Classic periods (ca. a.d. 650–950) in and around the site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula provid…
Using Multiple Lines of Evidence to Identify Prehispanic Maya Burnt-Lime Kilns in the Northern Yucatán Peninsula
This study discusses the investigation of a series of pit-kilns in and around the prehispanic site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern Maya lowlands and presents the multiple lines of evidence that identify these structures as lime production features. The study reports the results of systematic excavations, archaeometric analyses, archaeological experiments, ethnographic inquiries, and spatial analyses. Burnt lime has been used for archi…
The Late Classic to Postclassic Transition among the Maya of Northern Yucatán
This article reviews archaeological evidence of the Late Classic and Postclassic Mayan cultures in northern Yucatán. It suggests that one way of understanding the connections between Chichén Itzá, Mayapán, and Uxmal, as well as the exaggerated territories claimed for each, is to see them as regional Tollans, active in legitimizing the rulers and high elites of a wide network of client communities. As with Tula, the Feathered Serpent served as the…
A prehispanic Maya pit oven? Microanalysis of fired clay balls from the Puuc region, Yucatán, Mexico
Evidence from Escalera al Cielo: Abandonment of a Terminal Classic Puuc Maya hill complex in Yucatán, Mexico
Excavations at the hilltop site of Escalera al Cielo, located in the Puuc Maya region of Yucatán, Mexico, have uncovered evidence of a planned abandonment at the end of the Terminal Classic period (a.d. 800–950). Six buildings investigated among three residential groups contain rich floor assemblages similar to those known from only a few rapidly abandoned sites in the Maya area. Through an analysis of de facto refuse—most of which was recovered …
From critical vision to critical practice: Exploring the process of critical transformational learning among archaeologists
This case study examines a group of archaeologists working at a new project that strives to be more environmentally friendly and community inclusive, and positions these archaeologists as adult learners who are simultaneously creating a new vision of archaeology and learning to enact new forms of archaeological practice. Using the framework of critical transformational learning, we explore how the journeys of these individual archaeologists are i…
Trowels, trenches and transformation: A case study of archaeologists learning a more critical practice of archaeology
The purpose of this research was to explore how archaeologists who are working at a new archaeological project in Yucatan, Mexico have arrived at new understandings and practices of archaeology that are more environmentally friendly and community inclusive. We position these archaeologists as adult learners, and, using the framework of critical transformational learning, we explore how the transformational journeys of these archaeologists are int…
The Return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period
Continuing analysis of the site of Chichen Itza suggests that its construction dates primarily to the Late Classic period, ca.a.d.700–1000, rather than the Early Postclassic. This paper examines the implications of this redating for the well-known “Toltec” problem. Since Chichen largely antedated Tollan-phase Tula, we conclude that what is usually identified as Toltec imagery in fact dates to an earlier Epiclassic horizon extending from Morelos a…
The Ceramic Chronology of Ek Balam, Yucatan, Mexico
Since 1984, the Ek Balam Project has been investigating the organization and developmental history of a large Maya polity in the northeastern part of the Yucatan Peninsula. The survey included both urban Ek Balam, the largest regional center during the Late Classic period (a.d.600–900), covering a minimum of 12 km2, and its rural hinterland. One result of this project has been the construction of a preliminary ceramic history of the region, the s…
Classic to Postclassic at Ek Balam, Yucatan: Architectural and Ceramic Evidence for Defining the Transition
The Classic-to-Postclassic transition in the Maya Lowlands is a focus of contemporary debate. At the site of Ek Balam, Yucatán, excavation of Structure GS-12 provided an architectural stratigraphy that spans this period. GS-12-sub was a Late Classic (Pure Florescent) building razed during the construction of GS-12-1, a C-shaped structure of a form generally identified with Postclassic occupations on the Yucatán Peninsula. At Ek Balam the building…
Excavation and Preliminary Analysis of an Obsidian Workshop in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico
Previous survey of the Toltec site of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, revealed what is believed to have been a zone of obsidian workshops within the Early Postclassic city. Tulane University conducted excavation of part of one topographic complex within the zone, revealing a workshop complex consisting of a linear arrangement of residential compounds, peripheral refuse dumps, and open work areas, the latter tentatively identified by microscopic analysis o…
The Return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period
Continuing analysis of the site of Chichen Itza suggests that its construction dates primarily to the Late Classic period, ca.a.d.700–1000, rather than the Early Postclassic. This paper examines the implications of this redating for the well-known “Toltec” problem. Since Chichen largely antedated Tollan-phase Tula, we conclude that what is usually identified as Toltec imagery in fact dates to an earlier Epiclassic horizon extending from Morelos a…
Classic to Postclassic at Ek Balam, Yucatan: Architectural and Ceramic Evidence for Defining the Transition
The Classic-to-Postclassic transition in the Maya Lowlands is a focus of contemporary debate. At the site of Ek Balam, Yucatán, excavation of Structure GS-12 provided an architectural stratigraphy that spans this period. GS-12-sub was a Late Classic (Pure Florescent) building razed during the construction of GS-12-1, a C-shaped structure of a form generally identified with Postclassic occupations on the Yucatán Peninsula. At Ek Balam the building…
The Ceramic Chronology of Ek Balam, Yucatan, Mexico
Since 1984, the Ek Balam Project has been investigating the organization and developmental history of a large Maya polity in the northeastern part of the Yucatan Peninsula. The survey included both urban Ek Balam, the largest regional center during the Late Classic period (a.d.600–900), covering a minimum of 12 km2, and its rural hinterland. One result of this project has been the construction of a preliminary ceramic history of the region, the s…
A prehispanic Maya pit oven? Microanalysis of fired clay balls from the Puuc region, Yucatán, Mexico
Evidence from Escalera al Cielo: Abandonment of a Terminal Classic Puuc Maya hill complex in Yucatán, Mexico
Excavations at the hilltop site of Escalera al Cielo, located in the Puuc Maya region of Yucatán, Mexico, have uncovered evidence of a planned abandonment at the end of the Terminal Classic period (a.d. 800–950). Six buildings investigated among three residential groups contain rich floor assemblages similar to those known from only a few rapidly abandoned sites in the Maya area. Through an analysis of de facto refuse—most of which was recovered …
Lime Powder Production in the Maya Puuc Region (A.D. 600–950): An Experimental Pit-Kiln
Powdered lime was one of the most significant materials in the daily lives of the Prehispanic Maya, yet archaeologists have uncovered relatively little evidence of production methods or locales prior to the Spanish conquest. The recent identification of a series of pit-kilns dating to the Late and Terminal Classic periods (ca. a.d. 650–950) in and around the site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula provid…
Using Multiple Lines of Evidence to Identify Prehispanic Maya Burnt-Lime Kilns in the Northern Yucatán Peninsula
This study discusses the investigation of a series of pit-kilns in and around the prehispanic site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern Maya lowlands and presents the multiple lines of evidence that identify these structures as lime production features. The study reports the results of systematic excavations, archaeometric analyses, archaeological experiments, ethnographic inquiries, and spatial analyses. Burnt lime has been used for archi…
Middle Preclassic Pottery Production and Exchange in the Northern Maya Lowlands: An Icp-MS Analysis
Evidence of complex and widespread occupations during the Middle Preclassic (1000–350 b.c.) have been identified throughout the Northern Maya Lowlands and are associated with both Mamom and pre-Mamom ceramics. Beyond typological information based on the visual examination of paste, slip, and surface treatment, archaeologists know little about the technology or economics of pottery production and exchange of this period. In this study, we analyze …
Trowels, trenches and transformation: A case study of archaeologists learning a more critical practice of archaeology
The purpose of this research was to explore how archaeologists who are working at a new archaeological project in Yucatan, Mexico have arrived at new understandings and practices of archaeology that are more environmentally friendly and community inclusive. We position these archaeologists as adult learners, and, using the framework of critical transformational learning, we explore how the transformational journeys of these archaeologists are int…
From critical vision to critical practice: Exploring the process of critical transformational learning among archaeologists
This case study examines a group of archaeologists working at a new project that strives to be more environmentally friendly and community inclusive, and positions these archaeologists as adult learners who are simultaneously creating a new vision of archaeology and learning to enact new forms of archaeological practice. Using the framework of critical transformational learning, we explore how the journeys of these individual archaeologists are i…
Excavation and Preliminary Analysis of an Obsidian Workshop in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico
Previous survey of the Toltec site of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, revealed what is believed to have been a zone of obsidian workshops within the Early Postclassic city. Tulane University conducted excavation of part of one topographic complex within the zone, revealing a workshop complex consisting of a linear arrangement of residential compounds, peripheral refuse dumps, and open work areas, the latter tentatively identified by microscopic analysis o…
Classic to Postclassic at Ek Balam, Yucatan: Architectural and Ceramic Evidence for Defining the Transition
The Classic-to-Postclassic transition in the Maya Lowlands is a focus of contemporary debate. At the site of Ek Balam, Yucatán, excavation of Structure GS-12 provided an architectural stratigraphy that spans this period. GS-12-sub was a Late Classic (Pure Florescent) building razed during the construction of GS-12-1, a C-shaped structure of a form generally identified with Postclassic occupations on the Yucatán Peninsula. At Ek Balam the building…
The Return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period
Continuing analysis of the site of Chichen Itza suggests that its construction dates primarily to the Late Classic period, ca.a.d.700–1000, rather than the Early Postclassic. This paper examines the implications of this redating for the well-known “Toltec” problem. Since Chichen largely antedated Tollan-phase Tula, we conclude that what is usually identified as Toltec imagery in fact dates to an earlier Epiclassic horizon extending from Morelos a…
The Ceramic Chronology of Ek Balam, Yucatan, Mexico
Since 1984, the Ek Balam Project has been investigating the organization and developmental history of a large Maya polity in the northeastern part of the Yucatan Peninsula. The survey included both urban Ek Balam, the largest regional center during the Late Classic period (a.d.600–900), covering a minimum of 12 km2, and its rural hinterland. One result of this project has been the construction of a preliminary ceramic history of the region, the s…
From critical vision to critical practice: Exploring the process of critical transformational learning among archaeologists
This case study examines a group of archaeologists working at a new project that strives to be more environmentally friendly and community inclusive, and positions these archaeologists as adult learners who are simultaneously creating a new vision of archaeology and learning to enact new forms of archaeological practice. Using the framework of critical transformational learning, we explore how the journeys of these individual archaeologists are i…
Trowels, trenches and transformation: A case study of archaeologists learning a more critical practice of archaeology
The purpose of this research was to explore how archaeologists who are working at a new archaeological project in Yucatan, Mexico have arrived at new understandings and practices of archaeology that are more environmentally friendly and community inclusive. We position these archaeologists as adult learners, and, using the framework of critical transformational learning, we explore how the transformational journeys of these archaeologists are int…
The Late Classic to Postclassic Transition among the Maya of Northern Yucatán
This article reviews archaeological evidence of the Late Classic and Postclassic Mayan cultures in northern Yucatán. It suggests that one way of understanding the connections between Chichén Itzá, Mayapán, and Uxmal, as well as the exaggerated territories claimed for each, is to see them as regional Tollans, active in legitimizing the rulers and high elites of a wide network of client communities. As with Tula, the Feathered Serpent served as the…
A prehispanic Maya pit oven? Microanalysis of fired clay balls from the Puuc region, Yucatán, Mexico
Evidence from Escalera al Cielo: Abandonment of a Terminal Classic Puuc Maya hill complex in Yucatán, Mexico
Excavations at the hilltop site of Escalera al Cielo, located in the Puuc Maya region of Yucatán, Mexico, have uncovered evidence of a planned abandonment at the end of the Terminal Classic period (a.d. 800–950). Six buildings investigated among three residential groups contain rich floor assemblages similar to those known from only a few rapidly abandoned sites in the Maya area. Through an analysis of de facto refuse—most of which was recovered …
In Search of Kilns: The Forms and Functions of Annular Structures in the Bolonchén District
Burnt lime production and the Pre-Columbian Maya socio-economy: A case study from the northern Yucatán
Lime Powder Production in the Maya Puuc Region (A.D. 600–950): An Experimental Pit-Kiln
Powdered lime was one of the most significant materials in the daily lives of the Prehispanic Maya, yet archaeologists have uncovered relatively little evidence of production methods or locales prior to the Spanish conquest. The recent identification of a series of pit-kilns dating to the Late and Terminal Classic periods (ca. a.d. 650–950) in and around the site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula provid…
Using Multiple Lines of Evidence to Identify Prehispanic Maya Burnt-Lime Kilns in the Northern Yucatán Peninsula
This study discusses the investigation of a series of pit-kilns in and around the prehispanic site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern Maya lowlands and presents the multiple lines of evidence that identify these structures as lime production features. The study reports the results of systematic excavations, archaeometric analyses, archaeological experiments, ethnographic inquiries, and spatial analyses. Burnt lime has been used for archi…
Pathways to Complexity: A View from the Maya Lowlands
The Earliest Ceramics of the Northern Maya Lowlands
Reexamining the Role of Conflict in the Development of Puuc Maya Society
It may help to understand human affairs to be clear that most of the great triumphs and tragedies of history are caused, not by people being fundamentally good or fundamentally bad, but by people being fundamentally people.(Pratchett and Gaiman 1990, 39) For decades prior to the 1980s, when our ability to read ancient texts became more fully developed, the narrative of the ancient Maya as peaceful stargazers dominated and even directed early stud…
Ek’ Balam
Pottery Economics in Mesoamerica
Changing Archaeological Perspectives on the Northern Maya Lowlands
Middle Preclassic Pottery Production and Exchange in the Northern Maya Lowlands: An Icp-MS Analysis
Evidence of complex and widespread occupations during the Middle Preclassic (1000–350 b.c.) have been identified throughout the Northern Maya Lowlands and are associated with both Mamom and pre-Mamom ceramics. Beyond typological information based on the visual examination of paste, slip, and surface treatment, archaeologists know little about the technology or economics of pottery production and exchange of this period. In this study, we analyze …
Archaeology (14 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (14 works) · Geography (13 works) · Maya (12 works) · Latin American history and culture (10 works) · History (8 works) · Art (5 works) · Excavation (5 works) · Geology (5 works) · History (5 works)