James Thrasher
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 109727 |
|---|---|
| NOME | James Thrasher |
| PRENOMES | James |
| SOBRENOME | Thrasher |
| ASSINATURA | THRASHER J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Chapman University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9094-5283 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1996 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Rethinking the moral–conventional divide
A commonly held view is that moral judgments should not change based on what other people think. In moral philosophy, Social Domain Theory presents a version of this view: it defines as moral those judgments that are insensitive to the presence/absence of consensus. We designed two studies to measure the consensus-sensitivity of moral judgments (N = 731). We measured peoples’ personal judgments and expectations about others’ judgments using a wit…
Justice and Reciprocity
A Body of One's Own
Robust Samaritan theories hold that citizens may be pressed to share whatever others need for minimal flourishing. Cécile Fabre extends that duty to organs, labor, and even sexual services, while Cohen's ideal of an “egalitarian ethos” asks citizens to internalize such claims. I show that coupling these ideas with a rejection of even minimal selfownership yields a trilemma: Bodily resources can be commandeered, everyone is motivated to comply, an…
Nicotine beliefs and perceptions of low nicotine labels and mitigating statements among people who do and do not smoke
Misunderstanding of VLNCs as less harmful than regular cigarettes is widespread; VLN messages may reinforce this misperception, which mitigating statements did not correct among people who smoke. As an alternative to VLN messages, policy makers could consider introducing VLNCs on a specified date and developing public information campaigns; these measures would avoid phase-in confusion and obviate the need for VLN messaging
Strategic justice, conventions, and game theory
Evolutionary, game-theoretic approaches to justice and the social contract have become increasingly popular in contemporary moral and political philosophy. (Vanderschraaf, Strategic justice: convention and problems of balancing divergent interests, Oxford University Press, 2019) theory of strategic justice represents the most recent contribution to this tradition and, in many ways, can be viewed as a culmination of it. This article discusses some…
Capitalism, Democracy, and Adam Smith
How can we better understand the relationship between capitalism and democracy today? This article challenges the prevailing “independence thesis” that views capitalism and democracy as separate and often antagonistic systems. By revisiting Adam Smith’s integrationist approach to political economy, I argue for a more nuanced understanding of the symbiotic relationship between political and economic orders. The article critically examines common r…
Ownership and convention
Lil Solid
Messaging about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) to influence policy attitudes, harm perceptions and smoking motivations
Harm and chemical information can be prioritised to ensure VLNCs are not misperceived as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Messages about increased quitting efficacy and reduced addictiveness associated with VLNCs may backfire if presented to those who do not smoke
Hume’s Politics and Four Dimensions of Realism
Debates between realists and idealists in contemporary political theory have been confused by a tendency to conflate several distinct methodological theses. This article distinguishes between four dimensions of realism and shows how a novel reading of Hume’s politics can help us make sense of the importance of these theses and the relationships between them. More specifically, we argue that a theory we call normative conventionalism can be distil…
Effects of advertising features on smokers’ and non-smokers’ perceptions of a reduced nicotine cigarette modified risk tobacco product
Disclaimer content may effectively inform consumers about addiction risk of a new RNC cigarette MRTP, and further inform non-smokers about health risks. This element, however, had little effect on perceived health risks among smokers, among whom the Moonlight product name was associated with health risk misperceptions similar to the banned 'light' descriptor
Heated debates on regulations of heated tobacco products in South Korea
We provide implications for governments and tobacco control advocates on building consensus for applying cigarette equivalent taxes and pictorial warning labels to HTPs
Smithian sympathy and the emergence of norms
Adam Smith's impartial spectator and David Hume's general point of view have much in common, as do their moral theories more generally. However, this paper argues that a distinctive feature of Smith's theory—the pleasure of mutual sympathy—allows Smith to better explain a number of important features of norms. In particular, it provides Smith with a more plausible mechanism for explaining how norms emerge, and offers him a richer set of resources…
Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002–2016
Full implementation of the FCTC is necessary to further reduce smoking. Specific interventions may be needed to target non-daily smokers, who now comprise more than half of current smokers in Mexico
Trends in cigarette brand preference among Mexican smokers
This study suggests that the strong campaign of brand migration, the pricing strategy and the aggressive introduction of FCVs expanded Pall Mall in the Mexican cigarette market. Therefore, better control policies of cigarette contents and taxes that reduce price differentials across brands should be encouraged to promote public health
Changes in responses to nicotine vaping product warnings and leaflets in England compared with Canada, the US and Australia
Introduction of mandatory NVP warnings and leaflets in England was associated with small increases in noticing them but not with changes in concerns about NVP use
Australian smokers’ experiences and perceptions of recessed and firm filter cigarettes
RFCs and FFCs undermine plain packaging legislation, which aims to reduce appeal and minimise misperceptions about the relative harms of different tobacco products. Like other filter modifications, these filter variants should be disallowed
Agreeing to Disagree
Political contractualism is important in societies characterized by substantial moral and political disagreement and diversity. The very disagreement that makes the social contract necessary, however, also makes agreement difficult. Call this the paradox of diversity, which is the result of a tension between two necessary conditions of political contractualism: existence and stability. The first involves showing the possibility of some agreement,…
Pictorial health warning labels on the waterpipe device are effective in reducing smoking satisfaction, puffing behaviour and exposure to CO
This pilot study shows that placing HWL on the WP device is effective in reducing WP smoker's positive experiences, puffing parameters and exposure to carbon monoxide. HWLs lead also to more appreciation of WP harmful effects, making them a promising regulatory approach for addressing the spread of WP smoking among young adults in the USA
Delphi study among international expert panel to develop waterpipe-specific health warning labels
This study is the first to systematically develop and evaluate potential WP-specific HWLs based on the scientific evidence about WP's harmful effects, scientific understanding of HWL for cigarettes and the opinions of experts in WP science, tobacco control and health communication. The final selected HWLs can be adapted based on the context and policy landscape of the target country and can be further fine-tuned based on feedback from WP smokers …
Cross-country comparison of cigarette and vaping product marketing exposure and use
Patterns of cigarette and vaping product marketing exposure generally reflected country-specific policies, except for online vaping ads. Implications for research and policy are discussed
Constructivism, representation, and stability
Remote Acculturation and Cigarette Smoking Susceptibility Among Youth in Mexico
Many adolescents in majority world countries emulate U.S. American culture, which can influence their development. Globalization allows adolescents from majority world countries to learn about U.S. American culture through mass media and the exchange of information via the Internet and other forms of communication. As such, youth in Mexico may experience remote acculturation, which can influence their smoking behaviors. We developed and tested a …
The price of sociality
Herbert Gintis, The Bounds of Reason
Political Stability in the Open Society
We argue that the Rawlsian description of a just liberal society, the well‐ordered society, fails to accommodate deep disagreement and is insufficiently dynamic. In response, we formulate an alternative model that we call the open society, organized around a new account of dynamic stability. In the open society, constitutional rules must be stable enough to preserve social conditions that foster experimentation, while leaving room in legal and in…
Honor and Violence
Agreeing to Disagree
Political contractualism is important in societies characterized by substantial moral and political disagreement and diversity. The very disagreement that makes the social contract necessary, however, also makes agreement difficult. Call this the paradox of diversity, which is the result of a tension between two necessary conditions of political contractualism: existence and stability. The first involves showing the possibility of some agreement,…
The Ethics of Legislative Vote Trading
It is argued in this article that legislative vote trading by representatives is both ethically permissible and may be ethically required in many cases. This conclusion is an implication of a thin, general account of representation that requires representatives to vote on the basis of the perceived preferences or interests of their constituents. These special duties arise from a thin account of representation and create a weak, defeasible duty fo…
Constructivism, representation, and stability
Hume’s Politics and Four Dimensions of Realism
Debates between realists and idealists in contemporary political theory have been confused by a tendency to conflate several distinct methodological theses. This article distinguishes between four dimensions of realism and shows how a novel reading of Hume’s politics can help us make sense of the importance of these theses and the relationships between them. More specifically, we argue that a theory we call normative conventionalism can be distil…
Smithian sympathy and the emergence of norms
Adam Smith's impartial spectator and David Hume's general point of view have much in common, as do their moral theories more generally. However, this paper argues that a distinctive feature of Smith's theory—the pleasure of mutual sympathy—allows Smith to better explain a number of important features of norms. In particular, it provides Smith with a more plausible mechanism for explaining how norms emerge, and offers him a richer set of resources…
Remote Acculturation and Cigarette Smoking Susceptibility Among Youth in Mexico
Many adolescents in majority world countries emulate U.S. American culture, which can influence their development. Globalization allows adolescents from majority world countries to learn about U.S. American culture through mass media and the exchange of information via the Internet and other forms of communication. As such, youth in Mexico may experience remote acculturation, which can influence their smoking behaviors. We developed and tested a …
Reconciling Justice and Pleasure in Epicurean Contractarianism
Women and Alcohol in a Highland Maya Town
Cigarette packet warning labels can prevent relapse
This study provides the first longitudinal evidence that health warnings can help ex-smokers stay quit. Once the authors control for greater exposure to cigarettes, which is understandably predictive of relapse, WL effects are positive. However, it may be that ex-smokers need to actively use the health consequences that WLs highlight to remind them of their reasons for quitting, rather than it being something that happens automatically. Ex-smoker…
Video games and the next tobacco frontier
Video games provide rich, interactive environments suitable for tobacco promotion.1 2 The WHO-Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) recommends comprehensive bans on ‘... all forms of commercial communication...with the aim, effect or likely effect of promoting a tobacco product or tobacco use .’ WHO-FCTC implementation guidelines cover entertainment media,3 4 yet surprisingly little is known about the importance of video games for p…
Reconciling Justice and Pleasure in Epicurean Contractarianism
John Tomasi
Credit and Blame
Uniqueness and symmetry in bargaining theories of justice
Awareness, Trial, and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes in 10 Countries
The cross-country variability in awareness, trial, and current use of e-cigarettes is likely due to a confluence of country-specific market factors, tobacco control policies and regulations (e.g., the legal status of e-cigarettes and nicotine), and the survey timing along the trajectory of e-cigarette awareness and trial/use in each country. These ITC results constitute an important snapshot of an early stage of what appears to be a rapid progres…
When Justice Demands Inequality
In Rescuing Justice and Equality G.A. Cohen argues that justice requires an uncompromising commitment to equality. Cohen also argues, however, that justice must be sensitive to other values, including a robust commitment to individual freedom and to the welfare of the community. We ask whether a commitment to these other values means that, despite Cohen’s commitment to equality, his view requires that we make room for inequality in the name of ju…
The Fragility of Consensus
J ohn R awls's transition from A T heory of J ustice to P olitical L iberalism was driven by his rejection of T heory's account of stability. The key to his later account of stability is the idea of public reason. We see R awls's account of stability as an attempt to solve a mutual assurance problem. We maintain that R awls's solution fails because his primary assurance mechanism, in the form of public reason, is fragile. His conception of public…
Rational choice and the original position
"Rawls proclaims that 'the theory of justice is part, perhaps the nwst significant part, of the theory of rational choice' (T]R, p. 15, emphasis added; see section 2.2.3 below). Many have refused to take this claim literally (or even seriously), by, for example, interpreting the original position analysis as a heuristic for identifying independently true moral principles (see Dworkin, "Original Position," p. 19 and Barry, Theories, pp. 271-82). I…
The Ethics of Legislative Vote Trading
It is argued in this article that legislative vote trading by representatives is both ethically permissible and may be ethically required in many cases. This conclusion is an implication of a thin, general account of representation that requires representatives to vote on the basis of the perceived preferences or interests of their constituents. These special duties arise from a thin account of representation and create a weak, defeasible duty fo…
James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent
The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy is a groundbreaking work in democratic theory. This chapter argues that it is of continued relevance today, due both to its methodological innovations and its use of those innovative techniques to solve the fundamental problem of democratic justification. In Calculus, James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock fuse economic methods, political theory, and the normative project of show…
When Equality Matters
Exposure to tobacco in video games and smoking among gamers in Argentina
Greater exposure to tobacco content in video games was associated with higher likelihood of smoking among Argentine girls who play video games, suggesting the need for policies that limit these exposures
Cigarette flavors, package shape, and cigarette brand perceptions
Slim packs and brands highlighting tobacco flavors appear to increase positive perceptions of tobacco products. Banning tobacco flavorings and slim packs may reduce the appeal of smoking for young Brazilian women, as well as for other vulnerable populations
Political Stability in the Open Society
We argue that the Rawlsian description of a just liberal society, the well‐ordered society, fails to accommodate deep disagreement and is insufficiently dynamic. In response, we formulate an alternative model that we call the open society, organized around a new account of dynamic stability. In the open society, constitutional rules must be stable enough to preserve social conditions that foster experimentation, while leaving room in legal and in…
Honor and Violence
Pictorial health warning labels on the waterpipe device are effective in reducing smoking satisfaction, puffing behaviour and exposure to CO
This pilot study shows that placing HWL on the WP device is effective in reducing WP smoker's positive experiences, puffing parameters and exposure to carbon monoxide. HWLs lead also to more appreciation of WP harmful effects, making them a promising regulatory approach for addressing the spread of WP smoking among young adults in the USA
Delphi study among international expert panel to develop waterpipe-specific health warning labels
This study is the first to systematically develop and evaluate potential WP-specific HWLs based on the scientific evidence about WP's harmful effects, scientific understanding of HWL for cigarettes and the opinions of experts in WP science, tobacco control and health communication. The final selected HWLs can be adapted based on the context and policy landscape of the target country and can be further fine-tuned based on feedback from WP smokers …
Cross-country comparison of cigarette and vaping product marketing exposure and use
Patterns of cigarette and vaping product marketing exposure generally reflected country-specific policies, except for online vaping ads. Implications for research and policy are discussed
Constructivism, representation, and stability
Remote Acculturation and Cigarette Smoking Susceptibility Among Youth in Mexico
Many adolescents in majority world countries emulate U.S. American culture, which can influence their development. Globalization allows adolescents from majority world countries to learn about U.S. American culture through mass media and the exchange of information via the Internet and other forms of communication. As such, youth in Mexico may experience remote acculturation, which can influence their smoking behaviors. We developed and tested a …
Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002–2016
Full implementation of the FCTC is necessary to further reduce smoking. Specific interventions may be needed to target non-daily smokers, who now comprise more than half of current smokers in Mexico
Trends in cigarette brand preference among Mexican smokers
This study suggests that the strong campaign of brand migration, the pricing strategy and the aggressive introduction of FCVs expanded Pall Mall in the Mexican cigarette market. Therefore, better control policies of cigarette contents and taxes that reduce price differentials across brands should be encouraged to promote public health
Political science (23 obras) · Law (18 obras) · Psychology (17 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (15 obras) · Law and economics (14 obras) · Political Philosophy and Ethics (14 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Business (12 obras) · Economics (12 obras)