Brad Greenwood
Biographic Data
| ID | 1098034 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Brad Greenwood |
| GIVEN NAMES | Brad |
| FAMILY NAME | Greenwood |
| SIGNATURE | GREENWOOD B |
| AFFILIATIONS | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5725-9118 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 46 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Acceptability of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine alongside existing malaria interventions in the trial context
BACKGROUND: The R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine has been shown to provide high protective efficacy against malaria in a phase III trial, and has been recommended for use by WHO. The vaccine will soon be deployed at scale in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to understand the caregiver and community acceptability of the R21/Matrix-M vaccine alongside existing malaria prevention interventions, according to the communities of participants in the sea…
Community case management to accelerate access to healthcare in Mali
The Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM) trial in Mali reinforced the health system across both arms with user fee removal, professional community health workers (CHWs) and upgraded primary health centres (PHCs)—and randomized village-clusters to receive proactive home visits by CHWs (intervention) or fixed site-based services by passive CHWs (control). Across both arms, sick children’s 24-hour treatment and pregnant women’s four or more …
Engaging the public in decisions about emergency vaccine deployment strategies
The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified discussions on emergency vaccine deployment strategies, with current perspectives often neglecting extensive community involvement in ethical, logistical and political aspects. Existing social science literature predominantly delves into factors influencing trust, overlooking the untapped potential for community engagement.Our study examines community preparedness in Sierra Leone's Kambia District, exploring di…
Prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infections among children living in a setting of high coverage of standard interventions for malaria and helminths
Background Concurrent infections of Plasmodium falciparum with Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Schistosoma spp are still a major public health problem among children living in Sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted two prospective studies among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal, where control programmes for malaria, STH and schistosomiasis have been sustained, to determine the prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infection. Metho…
Delivery strategies for malaria vaccination in areas with seasonal malaria transmission
Background Seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01 E malaria vaccine given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduces malaria in young children. The WHO has recommended the use of RTS,S/AS01 E , including seasonal vaccination, in areas with seasonal malaria transmission. This study aimed to identify potential strategies to deliver RTS,S/AS01 E , and assess the considerations and recommendations for delivery of seasona…
Effects of proactive vs fixed community health care delivery on child health and access to care
Background: Professional community health workers (CHWs) can help achieve universal health coverage, although evidence gaps remain on how to optimise CHW service delivery. We conducted an unblinded, parallel, cluster randomised trial in rural Mali to determine whether proactive CHW delivery reduced mortality and improved access to health care among children under five years, compared to passive delivery. Here we report the secondary access endpoi…
Invasive bacterial disease in young infants in rural Gambia
Background: Invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) cause significant mortality in young infants. There are limited population-based data on IBD in young infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We conducted population-based surveillance for IBD among infants aged 0-90 days in a demographic surveillance area in rural Gambia between 1 March 2011 and 31 December 2017. Infants admitted to health facilities within the study area had standardised clinical ev…
How Unbecoming of You
Caregivers’ perception of risk for malaria, helminth infection and malaria-helminth co-infection among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal
The parasites causing malaria, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis frequently co-exist in children living in low-and middle-income countries, where existing vertical control programmes for the control of these diseases are not operating at optimal levels. This gap necessitates the development and implementation of strategic interventions to achieve effective control and eventual elimination of these co-infections. Central to the su…
Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in Ghana
INTRODUCTION: Ghana adopted the revised WHO recommendation on intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in 2012. This study has assessed the effectiveness and safety of this policy in Ghana. METHODS: A total of 1926 pregnant women enrolled at antenatal care (ANC) clinics were assessed for birth outcomes at delivery, and placental histology results for malaria infection were obtained from 1642 partici…
Zinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children
BACKGROUND: The benefit of zinc as an adjunct therapy for severe pneumonia is not established. We assessed the benefit of adjunct zinc therapy for severe pneumonia in children and determined whether the study children were zinc deficient. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 conducted in children with severe pneumonia to evaluate the efficacy of daily zinc as an adj…
We are the heroes because we are ready to die for this country
The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic presented a challenging setting in which to carry out clinical trials. This paper reports findings from social science research carried out in Kambia, Northern Sierra Leone during first year of an Ebola vaccine trial (August 2015-July 2016). The social science team collected data through ethnographic observation, 42 in depth interviews; 4 life narratives; 200 exit interviews; 31 key informant interviews; and 8 focus g…
Power, fairness and trust
The paper firstly emphasises the value of social science in the setting up of clinical trials, in terms of providing an in depth understanding of context and social dynamics. Secondly, the paper suggests the importance of a close collaboration between research and community engagement to effectively confront political and social dynamics, especially in the context of an epidemic
The contribution of vaccination to global health
Vaccination has made an enormous contribution to global health. Two major infections, smallpox and rinderpest, have been eradicated. Global coverage of vaccination against many important infectious diseases of childhood has been enhanced dramatically since the creation of WHO's Expanded Programme of Immunization in 1974 and of the Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunization in 2000. Polio has almost been eradicated and success in controlling…
Disease-specific mortality burdens in a rural Gambian population using verbal autopsy, 1998–2007
OBJECTIVE: To estimate and evaluate the cause-of-death structure and disease-specific mortality rates in a rural area of The Gambia as determined using the InterVA-4 model. DESIGN: Deaths and person-years of observation were determined by age group for the population of the Farafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance area from January 1998 to December 2007. Causes of death were determined by verbal autopsy (VA) using the InterVA-4 model and ICD…
Swash Bar Morphodynamics in the Danish Wadden Sea
The landward migration of an intertidal swash bar at Skallingen (Danish Wadden Sea), together with the associated hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport, were monitored over several spring tidal cycles during an accretionary phase of the foreshore cycle. The landward migration was not a simple linear displacement of the bar form; instead, regular intra-tidal sand bed oscillations (average height ∼ 0.12 m; average spacing ∼ 24 m; average s…
An evaluation of the informed consent procedure used during a trial of a Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine undertaken in The Gambia, West Africa
Coastal Morphodynamics at Skallingen, SW Denmark
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 1998: 20–30. The present paper discusses some preliminary results from a field experiment on sediment transport and morphological change on a beach subjected to storm surge activity. The data were collected at the barrier spit of Skallingen during October/November 1996. This period was characterized by a succession of storms which resulted in high water and wave energy levels, culminating in a st…
The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme
The spirit of Dakar
The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme
Evaluating the community education programme of an insecticide-treated bed net trial on the Kenyan coast
Earlier studies in The Gambia suggested that the use of impregnated bednets might prove to be a useful malaria control strategy. Based on the results of these studies, in 1992 the Government of The Gambia was encouraged to initiate a National Impregnated Bednet Programme (NIBP) as part of the National Malaria Control Programme Strategy. This paper describes the implementation process/procedure of the NIBP. Evaluation results showed that, overall,…
Geographical perspectives on bednet use and malaria transmission in the Gambia, West Africa
Coastal Morphodynamics at Skallingen, SW Denmark
Danish Journal of Geography 95: 1–11, 1995. This paper describes some preliminary results from a field experiment on suspended sediment transport and cross-shore profile evolution in an environment subjected to storm surges. The experiment was conducted during the fall of 1994 at the barrier beach of Skallingen, SW Denmark. Data were collected over several tidal cycles comprising low through moderately-high offshore energy conditions. During the …
Surf-Zone Similarity
An evaluation of the informed consent procedure used during a trial of a Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine undertaken in The Gambia, West Africa
We are the heroes because we are ready to die for this country
The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic presented a challenging setting in which to carry out clinical trials. This paper reports findings from social science research carried out in Kambia, Northern Sierra Leone during first year of an Ebola vaccine trial (August 2015-July 2016). The social science team collected data through ethnographic observation, 42 in depth interviews; 4 life narratives; 200 exit interviews; 31 key informant interviews; and 8 focus g…
The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme
The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme
Geographical perspectives on bednet use and malaria transmission in the Gambia, West Africa
Coastal Morphodynamics at Skallingen, SW Denmark
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 1998: 20–30. The present paper discusses some preliminary results from a field experiment on sediment transport and morphological change on a beach subjected to storm surge activity. The data were collected at the barrier spit of Skallingen during October/November 1996. This period was characterized by a succession of storms which resulted in high water and wave energy levels, culminating in a st…
Coastal Morphodynamics at Skallingen, SW Denmark
Danish Journal of Geography 95: 1–11, 1995. This paper describes some preliminary results from a field experiment on suspended sediment transport and cross-shore profile evolution in an environment subjected to storm surges. The experiment was conducted during the fall of 1994 at the barrier beach of Skallingen, SW Denmark. Data were collected over several tidal cycles comprising low through moderately-high offshore energy conditions. During the …
Modern Analogues and the Evaluation of a Pleistocene Sedimentary Sequence
Recent sands from the Saunton Sands-Braunton Burrows beach-dune complex bordering Bideford Bay provide modern analogues for interpreting the depositional history of Pleistocene raised littoral sediments on Saunton Down and Baggy Point. Use of size-frequency statistics determined by moments and the analysis of size-curve components illustrate the similarity between the Recent dune sands from Braunton Burrows and the Pleistocene deposits on Saunton…
Swash Bar Morphodynamics in the Danish Wadden Sea
The landward migration of an intertidal swash bar at Skallingen (Danish Wadden Sea), together with the associated hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport, were monitored over several spring tidal cycles during an accretionary phase of the foreshore cycle. The landward migration was not a simple linear displacement of the bar form; instead, regular intra-tidal sand bed oscillations (average height ∼ 0.12 m; average spacing ∼ 24 m; average s…
Modern Analogues and the Evaluation of a Pleistocene Sedimentary Sequence
Recent sands from the Saunton Sands-Braunton Burrows beach-dune complex bordering Bideford Bay provide modern analogues for interpreting the depositional history of Pleistocene raised littoral sediments on Saunton Down and Baggy Point. Use of size-frequency statistics determined by moments and the analysis of size-curve components illustrate the similarity between the Recent dune sands from Braunton Burrows and the Pleistocene deposits on Saunton…
Surf-Zone Similarity
Coastal Morphodynamics at Skallingen, SW Denmark
Danish Journal of Geography 95: 1–11, 1995. This paper describes some preliminary results from a field experiment on suspended sediment transport and cross-shore profile evolution in an environment subjected to storm surges. The experiment was conducted during the fall of 1994 at the barrier beach of Skallingen, SW Denmark. Data were collected over several tidal cycles comprising low through moderately-high offshore energy conditions. During the …
Evaluating the community education programme of an insecticide-treated bed net trial on the Kenyan coast
Earlier studies in The Gambia suggested that the use of impregnated bednets might prove to be a useful malaria control strategy. Based on the results of these studies, in 1992 the Government of The Gambia was encouraged to initiate a National Impregnated Bednet Programme (NIBP) as part of the National Malaria Control Programme Strategy. This paper describes the implementation process/procedure of the NIBP. Evaluation results showed that, overall,…
Geographical perspectives on bednet use and malaria transmission in the Gambia, West Africa
The spirit of Dakar
The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme
Coastal Morphodynamics at Skallingen, SW Denmark
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 1998: 20–30. The present paper discusses some preliminary results from a field experiment on sediment transport and morphological change on a beach subjected to storm surge activity. The data were collected at the barrier spit of Skallingen during October/November 1996. This period was characterized by a succession of storms which resulted in high water and wave energy levels, culminating in a st…
The Gambian National Impregnated Bednet Programme
An evaluation of the informed consent procedure used during a trial of a Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine undertaken in The Gambia, West Africa
Swash Bar Morphodynamics in the Danish Wadden Sea
The landward migration of an intertidal swash bar at Skallingen (Danish Wadden Sea), together with the associated hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport, were monitored over several spring tidal cycles during an accretionary phase of the foreshore cycle. The landward migration was not a simple linear displacement of the bar form; instead, regular intra-tidal sand bed oscillations (average height ∼ 0.12 m; average spacing ∼ 24 m; average s…
The contribution of vaccination to global health
Vaccination has made an enormous contribution to global health. Two major infections, smallpox and rinderpest, have been eradicated. Global coverage of vaccination against many important infectious diseases of childhood has been enhanced dramatically since the creation of WHO's Expanded Programme of Immunization in 1974 and of the Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunization in 2000. Polio has almost been eradicated and success in controlling…
Disease-specific mortality burdens in a rural Gambian population using verbal autopsy, 1998–2007
OBJECTIVE: To estimate and evaluate the cause-of-death structure and disease-specific mortality rates in a rural area of The Gambia as determined using the InterVA-4 model. DESIGN: Deaths and person-years of observation were determined by age group for the population of the Farafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance area from January 1998 to December 2007. Causes of death were determined by verbal autopsy (VA) using the InterVA-4 model and ICD…
Power, fairness and trust
The paper firstly emphasises the value of social science in the setting up of clinical trials, in terms of providing an in depth understanding of context and social dynamics. Secondly, the paper suggests the importance of a close collaboration between research and community engagement to effectively confront political and social dynamics, especially in the context of an epidemic
Zinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children
BACKGROUND: The benefit of zinc as an adjunct therapy for severe pneumonia is not established. We assessed the benefit of adjunct zinc therapy for severe pneumonia in children and determined whether the study children were zinc deficient. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 conducted in children with severe pneumonia to evaluate the efficacy of daily zinc as an adj…
We are the heroes because we are ready to die for this country
The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic presented a challenging setting in which to carry out clinical trials. This paper reports findings from social science research carried out in Kambia, Northern Sierra Leone during first year of an Ebola vaccine trial (August 2015-July 2016). The social science team collected data through ethnographic observation, 42 in depth interviews; 4 life narratives; 200 exit interviews; 31 key informant interviews; and 8 focus g…
Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in Ghana
INTRODUCTION: Ghana adopted the revised WHO recommendation on intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in 2012. This study has assessed the effectiveness and safety of this policy in Ghana. METHODS: A total of 1926 pregnant women enrolled at antenatal care (ANC) clinics were assessed for birth outcomes at delivery, and placental histology results for malaria infection were obtained from 1642 partici…
How Unbecoming of You
Caregivers’ perception of risk for malaria, helminth infection and malaria-helminth co-infection among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal
The parasites causing malaria, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis frequently co-exist in children living in low-and middle-income countries, where existing vertical control programmes for the control of these diseases are not operating at optimal levels. This gap necessitates the development and implementation of strategic interventions to achieve effective control and eventual elimination of these co-infections. Central to the su…
Prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infections among children living in a setting of high coverage of standard interventions for malaria and helminths
Background Concurrent infections of Plasmodium falciparum with Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Schistosoma spp are still a major public health problem among children living in Sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted two prospective studies among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal, where control programmes for malaria, STH and schistosomiasis have been sustained, to determine the prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infection. Metho…
Delivery strategies for malaria vaccination in areas with seasonal malaria transmission
Background Seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01 E malaria vaccine given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduces malaria in young children. The WHO has recommended the use of RTS,S/AS01 E , including seasonal vaccination, in areas with seasonal malaria transmission. This study aimed to identify potential strategies to deliver RTS,S/AS01 E , and assess the considerations and recommendations for delivery of seasona…
Effects of proactive vs fixed community health care delivery on child health and access to care
Background: Professional community health workers (CHWs) can help achieve universal health coverage, although evidence gaps remain on how to optimise CHW service delivery. We conducted an unblinded, parallel, cluster randomised trial in rural Mali to determine whether proactive CHW delivery reduced mortality and improved access to health care among children under five years, compared to passive delivery. Here we report the secondary access endpoi…
Invasive bacterial disease in young infants in rural Gambia
Background: Invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) cause significant mortality in young infants. There are limited population-based data on IBD in young infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We conducted population-based surveillance for IBD among infants aged 0-90 days in a demographic surveillance area in rural Gambia between 1 March 2011 and 31 December 2017. Infants admitted to health facilities within the study area had standardised clinical ev…
Community case management to accelerate access to healthcare in Mali
The Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM) trial in Mali reinforced the health system across both arms with user fee removal, professional community health workers (CHWs) and upgraded primary health centres (PHCs)—and randomized village-clusters to receive proactive home visits by CHWs (intervention) or fixed site-based services by passive CHWs (control). Across both arms, sick children’s 24-hour treatment and pregnant women’s four or more …
Engaging the public in decisions about emergency vaccine deployment strategies
The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified discussions on emergency vaccine deployment strategies, with current perspectives often neglecting extensive community involvement in ethical, logistical and political aspects. Existing social science literature predominantly delves into factors influencing trust, overlooking the untapped potential for community engagement.Our study examines community preparedness in Sierra Leone's Kambia District, exploring di…
Medicine (19 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Malaria (11 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (8 works) · Nursing (8 works) · Population (8 works) · Public health (8 works) · Malaria Research and Control (7 works) · Family medicine (6 works) · Internal Medicine (6 works)