Michael J Hautus
Biographic Data
| ID | 1099737 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael J Hautus |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael J |
| FAMILY NAME | Hautus |
| SIGNATURE | HAUTUS M J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Auckland |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2936-9023 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
“The most relaxing song in the world”? A comparative study
The objectives of the current study were to obtain four physiological measures sensitive to stress and compare the nature of their decline after a stress task while listening to different sounds. Particular focus was placed on examining the ability of the song “Weightless”, which has been heralded as “the most relaxing song in the world,” to reduce acute stress as measured physiologically. A single-subjects design was deployed with 57 university …
Components of Sensitivity
Detection theory provides strategies for partitioning the variance that limits performance between external and internal sources, and among subcategories of each. An important tool is the distribution-discrimination task, in which participants must determine which of two overlapping distributions led to an observation. The magnitude of the external noise arises from the overlap, and the best possible ideal performance is what would be found if th…
Adaptive Methods for Estimating Empirical Thresholds
Adaptive procedures estimate the stimulus level needed for a fixed level of performance. The stimulus that yields some proportion of correct responding in a forced-choice task (or a specified hit rate in yes-no) is found by systematically varying the stimulus difference during an experimental run. Procedures differ in the rules by which they change or select the next stimulus level, target performance accuracy, criterion for ending a run, method …
Classification Experiments for One-Dimensional Stimulus Sets
Classification experiments, those in which one stimulus from a set of possible stimuli is presented on each trial, are considered for the special case of stimuli lying only on one perceptual dimension. Two-response classification is a generalization of the yes-no experiment to many stimuli. Values of sensitivity, d′ , for any two adjacent stimuli can be found by subtracting z -transformed response proportions. Bias is measured by criterion locati…
Identification of Multidimensional Objects and Multiple Observation Intervals
In identification tasks, observers provide distinct labels for each of m > 2 possible stimuli. If all stimuli are assumed independent, detection-theory analyses can estimate sensitivity for each stimulus and bias for each response. Data from one identification task can be used to predict the results of an experiment using a subset of the same stimuli using the constant-ratio rule. Multi-interval forced-choice experiments, consisting of sequences …
Beyond Binary Responses
In a single session of a yes-no experiment we can collect data that can be interpreted as multiple ( F , H ) pairs. An empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is obtained by asking observers to provide a graded rather than a binary response, rating their experience on an ordered scale. The data are interpreted as if the observer maintained several response criteria simultaneously. If the empirical ROC has a unit slope on z -coordi…
The Yes-No Experiment
The results of a yes-no or single-interval discrimination experiment can be described by a hit and a false-alarm rate, which in turn can be reduced to a single measure of sensitivity. Good measures can be written as the difference between the hit and false-alarm rates when both are appropriately transformed. The sensitivity measure proposed by detection theory, d′ , uses the normal-distribution z -transformation. The primary rationale for d′ as a…
Detection and Discrimination of Compound Stimuli
Some stimulus sets are best represented using a perceptual space with more than one dimension. In the two-dimensional case, each stimulus leads to a distribution taking on values of likelihood for pairs of observations. In an experimental context, the observer establishes a decision boundary that divides the space into regions corresponding to each possible response. In compound detection, the task is to detect the presence of a compound stimulus…
Statistics and Detection Theory
The signal-detection-theory (SDT) statistics d′ and c are approximately normally distributed, provided that N is reasonably large and ceiling and floor effects on the hit and false-alarm rates are avoided. In these cases, the normal distribution can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals and perform simple hypothesis tests. However, exact computational methods avoid the normal approximation and account for any corrections used for …
Comparison (Two-Distribution) Designs for Discrimination
In comparison designs for discrimination, each trial contains two stimulus sequences. In two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC), the two stimulus classes are presented in either of two orders. Performance is expected to be better than in the yes-no design. In the yes-no reminder design, a yes-no interval containing one of the two stimulus classes is preceded by a constant “reminder,” and performance is expected to be worse than yes-no if the observ…
Classification Designs
Classification experiments, in which several stimuli are partitioned by the observer into a smaller number of categories, can be used to study perceptual independence versus interaction and to measure attention. Uncertainty about which element of a stimulus subset is to be presented can reduce performance compared to a corresponding fixed-discrimination condition. Stimuli that differ perceptually in more than one way can be represented as distrib…
The Yes-No Experiment
Whereas a good sensitivity measure is the difference between the transformed hit and false-alarm rates, a good measure of response bias is the sum of the same two quantities, and is called criterion location, c . In the decision space for the yes-no experiment, c describes the location of a criterion that divides the decision axis between values that lead to “yes” and “no” responses. Other related measures, such as the relative criterion and like…
Threshold Models and Choice Theory
Threshold theories postulate a small number of internal states, rather than a continuum. In such models, sensitivity is related to the probability that stimuli lead to the appropriate state(s). Three threshold models are considered: (1) single high-threshold theory assumes that one stimulus always leads to the correct state and defines sensitivity as the adjusted hit rate, the probability that the other stimulus also leads to the correct state. T…
Classification Designs for Discrimination
Three classification designs are considered. In a same-different experiment, a pair of stimuli is presented on each trial, and the observer decides whether they are the same or different. The independent-observation strategy makes covert classifications about the two observations independently, whereas in the difference strategy only the difference between the two observations is used in making a decision. In an ABX experiment, three stimuli are …
Detection Theory
Detection Theory
See food diet? Cultural differences in estimating fullness and intake as a function of plate size
The Feasibility of Gelatin-Based Retronasal Stimuli to Assess Olfactory Perception
Links between some psychological disorders and olfactory deficits are well documented, and screening tests have been developed to exploit these associations. Odors can take one of two routes to the olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium, the orthonasal or retronasal route. This article discusses the potential use of the retronasal route to assess olfaction using gelatin-based stimuli delivered orally. Using a relatively new psychophysical me…
The Negative Affect Hypothesis of Noise Sensitivity
Some studies indicate that noise sensitivity is explained by negative affect, a dispositional tendency to negatively evaluate situations and the self. Individuals high in such traits may report a greater sensitivity to other sensory stimuli, such as smell, bright light and pain. However, research investigating the relationship between noise sensitivity and sensitivity to stimuli associated with other sensory modalities has not always supported th…
Defending the God Beyond
God is regularly misconstrued in society. Many argue that a primary cause of this distortion stems from people's relationships and particularly their poor relationships with their parents. Given the prevalence of strained child-parent relationships, there is a need to examine if and to what degree parents and people's perceptions of their parents influence their understanding of God. This article describes the preliminary steps involved in creati…
Defending the God Beyond
God is regularly misconstrued in society. Many argue that a primary cause of this distortion stems from people's relationships and particularly their poor relationships with their parents. Given the prevalence of strained child-parent relationships, there is a need to examine if and to what degree parents and people's perceptions of their parents influence their understanding of God. This article describes the preliminary steps involved in creati…
The Feasibility of Gelatin-Based Retronasal Stimuli to Assess Olfactory Perception
Links between some psychological disorders and olfactory deficits are well documented, and screening tests have been developed to exploit these associations. Odors can take one of two routes to the olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium, the orthonasal or retronasal route. This article discusses the potential use of the retronasal route to assess olfaction using gelatin-based stimuli delivered orally. Using a relatively new psychophysical me…
The Negative Affect Hypothesis of Noise Sensitivity
Some studies indicate that noise sensitivity is explained by negative affect, a dispositional tendency to negatively evaluate situations and the self. Individuals high in such traits may report a greater sensitivity to other sensory stimuli, such as smell, bright light and pain. However, research investigating the relationship between noise sensitivity and sensitivity to stimuli associated with other sensory modalities has not always supported th…
See food diet? Cultural differences in estimating fullness and intake as a function of plate size
Components of Sensitivity
Detection theory provides strategies for partitioning the variance that limits performance between external and internal sources, and among subcategories of each. An important tool is the distribution-discrimination task, in which participants must determine which of two overlapping distributions led to an observation. The magnitude of the external noise arises from the overlap, and the best possible ideal performance is what would be found if th…
Adaptive Methods for Estimating Empirical Thresholds
Adaptive procedures estimate the stimulus level needed for a fixed level of performance. The stimulus that yields some proportion of correct responding in a forced-choice task (or a specified hit rate in yes-no) is found by systematically varying the stimulus difference during an experimental run. Procedures differ in the rules by which they change or select the next stimulus level, target performance accuracy, criterion for ending a run, method …
Classification Experiments for One-Dimensional Stimulus Sets
Classification experiments, those in which one stimulus from a set of possible stimuli is presented on each trial, are considered for the special case of stimuli lying only on one perceptual dimension. Two-response classification is a generalization of the yes-no experiment to many stimuli. Values of sensitivity, d′ , for any two adjacent stimuli can be found by subtracting z -transformed response proportions. Bias is measured by criterion locati…
Identification of Multidimensional Objects and Multiple Observation Intervals
In identification tasks, observers provide distinct labels for each of m > 2 possible stimuli. If all stimuli are assumed independent, detection-theory analyses can estimate sensitivity for each stimulus and bias for each response. Data from one identification task can be used to predict the results of an experiment using a subset of the same stimuli using the constant-ratio rule. Multi-interval forced-choice experiments, consisting of sequences …
Beyond Binary Responses
In a single session of a yes-no experiment we can collect data that can be interpreted as multiple ( F , H ) pairs. An empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is obtained by asking observers to provide a graded rather than a binary response, rating their experience on an ordered scale. The data are interpreted as if the observer maintained several response criteria simultaneously. If the empirical ROC has a unit slope on z -coordi…
The Yes-No Experiment
The results of a yes-no or single-interval discrimination experiment can be described by a hit and a false-alarm rate, which in turn can be reduced to a single measure of sensitivity. Good measures can be written as the difference between the hit and false-alarm rates when both are appropriately transformed. The sensitivity measure proposed by detection theory, d′ , uses the normal-distribution z -transformation. The primary rationale for d′ as a…
Detection and Discrimination of Compound Stimuli
Some stimulus sets are best represented using a perceptual space with more than one dimension. In the two-dimensional case, each stimulus leads to a distribution taking on values of likelihood for pairs of observations. In an experimental context, the observer establishes a decision boundary that divides the space into regions corresponding to each possible response. In compound detection, the task is to detect the presence of a compound stimulus…
Statistics and Detection Theory
The signal-detection-theory (SDT) statistics d′ and c are approximately normally distributed, provided that N is reasonably large and ceiling and floor effects on the hit and false-alarm rates are avoided. In these cases, the normal distribution can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals and perform simple hypothesis tests. However, exact computational methods avoid the normal approximation and account for any corrections used for …
Comparison (Two-Distribution) Designs for Discrimination
In comparison designs for discrimination, each trial contains two stimulus sequences. In two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC), the two stimulus classes are presented in either of two orders. Performance is expected to be better than in the yes-no design. In the yes-no reminder design, a yes-no interval containing one of the two stimulus classes is preceded by a constant “reminder,” and performance is expected to be worse than yes-no if the observ…
Classification Designs
Classification experiments, in which several stimuli are partitioned by the observer into a smaller number of categories, can be used to study perceptual independence versus interaction and to measure attention. Uncertainty about which element of a stimulus subset is to be presented can reduce performance compared to a corresponding fixed-discrimination condition. Stimuli that differ perceptually in more than one way can be represented as distrib…
The Yes-No Experiment
Whereas a good sensitivity measure is the difference between the transformed hit and false-alarm rates, a good measure of response bias is the sum of the same two quantities, and is called criterion location, c . In the decision space for the yes-no experiment, c describes the location of a criterion that divides the decision axis between values that lead to “yes” and “no” responses. Other related measures, such as the relative criterion and like…
Threshold Models and Choice Theory
Threshold theories postulate a small number of internal states, rather than a continuum. In such models, sensitivity is related to the probability that stimuli lead to the appropriate state(s). Three threshold models are considered: (1) single high-threshold theory assumes that one stimulus always leads to the correct state and defines sensitivity as the adjusted hit rate, the probability that the other stimulus also leads to the correct state. T…
Classification Designs for Discrimination
Three classification designs are considered. In a same-different experiment, a pair of stimuli is presented on each trial, and the observer decides whether they are the same or different. The independent-observation strategy makes covert classifications about the two observations independently, whereas in the difference strategy only the difference between the two observations is used in making a decision. In an ABX experiment, three stimuli are …
Detection Theory
Detection Theory
“The most relaxing song in the world”? A comparative study
The objectives of the current study were to obtain four physiological measures sensitive to stress and compare the nature of their decline after a stress task while listening to different sounds. Particular focus was placed on examining the ability of the song “Weightless”, which has been heralded as “the most relaxing song in the world,” to reduce acute stress as measured physiologically. A single-subjects design was deployed with 57 university …
Computer Science (10 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Mathematics (4 works) · Medicine (4 works) · Perception (4 works) · Advanced Statistical Methods and Models (3 works) · Audiology (3 works) · Cognitive psychology (3 works) · Econometrics (3 works) · Acoustics (2 works)