Amihai Mazar
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1100235 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Amihai Mazar |
| NOMBRES | Amihai |
| APELLIDO | Mazar |
| FIRMA | MAZAR A |
| AFILIACIONES | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5468-9654 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 103 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1982 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Gezer’s Contribution to the Iron Age Chronological Debate
Lyndelle Webster, S. Wolff, and S. Ortiz’s contribution to this Forum is based on their detailed and well-presented earlier article (Webster et al. 2023). In the following, I will refer to both articles. The authors touch upon some of the most debated issues in the archaeology and history of the Iron Age in the southern Levant, known as the debate between high chronology vs. low chronology (Finkelstein 2005 vs. Mazar 2005, with earlier literature…
Tel Reḥov
The author offers a brief introduction to the excavations at Tel Reḥov, beginning with a description of the mound. This is followed by a summary of the appearance of the toponym Reḥob in written sources; the identification of the site; and a brief survey of the excavation project, including its goals, the core staff, the excavation areas and the methods used. Finally, it presents the stratigraphic sequence and the structure of the final report th…
The Exceptional Ninth-Century BCE Northwestern Quarter at Tel Reḥov
An exceptional architectural complex at Tel Reḥov dating to the last phase of the Iron IIA occupation in the ninth century BCE (Stratum IV) was uncovered in Area C, located on the northwestern and highest part of the lower mound. Each of the buildings belonging to this quarter, built exclusively of mud brick, had an exceptional architectural layout, while at the same time, they were interrelated and organized according to a preplanned agenda. All…
The Apiary at Tel Reḥov
The apiary discovered in Stratum V at Tel Reḥov in 2005–2007 remains unique in the archaeology of the ancient Near East. Here the authors briefly summarize the data previously published in this journal and add results of new studies, mainly concerning the identification of ancient charred bees trapped in burnt honeycombs found in the hives. Measurements of two wings and one leg, and statistical work based on existing database of modern subspecies…
Tel Reḥov in the Tenth and Ninth Centuries BCE
Tel Reḥov was the location of one of the largest Iron Age cities in northern Israel during the Iron Age IIA, the main period investigated at the site. This article summarizes the stratigraphy, main architectural features, aspects of daily life and material culture, industries, trade relations, writing, religion and iconography, as well as chronology and historical questions. The finds reflect cultural and economic processes that the city and its …
The Canaanite City at Tel Reḥov
The article describes the development of the city throughout the Late Bronze–Iron Age I sequence. A massive Early Bronze fortification system was revealed on the slope of the upper mound. Following the end of EB III, there was an occupation gap until LB I/IIA, when a ten hectare Canaanite city was founded and became one of the largest cities in the southern Levant, identified with Reḥob, mentioned in several Late Bronze Age sources. The unusual f…
Facing Assyria
Following the violent destruction of Stratum IV the city at Tel Reḥov was rebuilt, yet limited to the upper mound, an area of about three hectares. Two main strata can be attributed to the Iron IIB. A fortification system found in Area B had an earlier phase consisting of a casemate wall with a tower and a later phase with a wide city wall. Dwellings and courtyards were excavated in Areas A, B, and J. The Assyrian destruction was severe, evidence…
From the Guest Editor
Previous articleNext article FreeFrom the Guest EditorAmihai MazarAmihai Mazar Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreThis special issue is dedicated to the excavations at Tel Reḥov in the Beth-Shean Valley on the occasion of the publication the final excavation report in five volumes of Qedem, M…
Greece and the Levant in the 10th–9th centuries BC
Tel Rehov in the Beth Shean Valley, northern Israel, yielded 14 Greek (mainly Euboean and Attic) pottery sherds from the Late Protogeometric to Middle Geometric periods. This is the largest number of Greek sherds from these periods found at a single site in the Southern Levant in stratigraphic contexts. Since the Tel Rehov strata, well-dated by a large number of 14C dates, yielded some of the richest assemblages of finds from the 10–9th centuries…
Canaanite Reḥob
Tel Reḥov, identified with Reḥob, was one of the largest Canaanite cities in the southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age (15th–13th centuries b.c.e.). Unlike many other Canaanite settlements, the city was founded in the 15th century after a hiatus beginning in Early Bronze Age III. In this article, four major Late Bronze Age occupation strata are described. Notable is a monumental structure dated to the 14th century b.c.e. with unusual archite…
Introduction
This special issue of JEMAHS, dealing with various aspects of ancient technology in the southern Levant, is dedicated to Nava Panitz-Cohen, our colleague and friend, on the occasion of her 60th birthday. It brings together contributions to a workshop, “In Search of Ancient Technology: A Workshop on the Occasion of Nava Panitz-Cohen's Birthday,” which took place on September 14, 2017 at the French Research Center in Jerusalem.Nava combines unique …
Weaving in Iron Age Tel Reḥov and the Jordan Valley
This article examines the development and spatial distribution of loom weights in Tel Reḥov and its vicinity during the twelfth through eighth centuries BCE. Non-perforated cylindrical weights (“spools”), dated to the early twelfth century BCE, are discussed in relation to their appearance in the Mediterranean world. Clay weights of the eleventh and tenth centuries were replaced during the tenth and mainly the ninth century BCE by specialized pro…
Religious Practices and Cult Objects during the Iron Age IIA at Tel Rehov and their Implications regarding Religion in Northern Israel
This article presents evidence relating to religious practices, cult objects and iconography revealed in the excavations at Tel Rehov in the Jordan Valley and dated to the 10th-9th centuries B.C.E. This evidence includes an open-air sanctuary, pottery altars, a model shrine, clay figurines, amulets, seals and a few inscriptions. Two buildings of special significance are also discussed and interpreted.
Iron Age Chronology in Israel
Bayesian methods have been widely used to address the Iron Age chronological debate in Israel, which has implications for the entire eastern Mediterranean Iron Age chronology. However, a consensus has not been reached. This is largely because radiocarbon dates of materials in this period lie on an oscillation in the calibration curve. This study focuses on the modeling of 14 C dates from the Iron I and Iron II periods, discusses the underlying as…
Note on a New Type of Intermediate Bronze Age Storage Jar
This paper presents a new type of locally manufactured Intermediate Bronze Age storage jar. Its distribution is restricted to northeastern Samaria and along the Jordan Valley. This jar type provides a glimpse into the highly regional aspect of the pottery production in the IBA
The Iron Age Chronology Debate
A Response to Finkelstein and Piasetzky'S Criticism and “New Perspective”
The following short paper is a response to criticism by Finkelstein and Piasetzky (2010b), published in the present issue of Radiocarbon , of our 2008 paper in Radiocarbon concerning the evaluation of 14 C dates from Iron Age levels in Israel published by Boaretto et al. (2005). We refer to criticism concerning exclusion and inclusion of data. We also evaluate new models suggested by Finkelstein and Piasetzky and in particular their suggestion of…
Tel Beth Shean During the EB IB Period
The Early Bronze I (henceforth EB I) is a formative era in the Southern Levant. Modern research has thrown light on many aspects of this period: its long duration, its spatial and temporal subdivisions, its settlement pattern, its socio-economic characterizations, and the phenomenon of Egyptian colonization in southern Palestine (e.g. Stager 1992, 28–34; Joffe 1993, 39–62; Braun 1996). Among the prominent discoveries related to the later part of …
Backbone of Society
Zooarchaeological data from Iron Age urban contexts may reveal information pertaining to ancient economy, society, and culture. In this paper, a large sample of animal bones from the domestic quarters of Iron Age Tel Reḥov in the Beth Shean Valley region of northern Israel is considered. An analysis of livestock herd demography and butchery patterns is used to explore the foodways of the inhabitants of the city. The meat consumption habits of the…
C Dates and the Iron Age Chronology of Israel
Boaretto et al. (2005) published 68 radiocarbon dates relating to 30 samples from 10 Iron Age sites in Israel as part of their Early Iron Age Dating Project. Though the main goal of their paper was an interlaboratory comparison, they also presented results of Bayesian models, calculating the transition from Iron Age I to Iron Age II in Israel to be about 900 BCE instead of the conventional date of about 1000 BCE. Since this date has great importa…
Iron Age beehives at Tel Reḥov in the Jordan valley
Beehives were discovered in a densley built area in the Iron Age city of Reḥov (tenth-ninth century BC). They consisted of hollow clay cylinders, each with a little hole at one end (for the bee) and a removable lid at the other (for the bee keeper). These beehives, the earliest found in the Near East, were identified by analogy with examples pictured on Egyptian tombs and in use by traditional peoples. The suggested identification was confirmed b…
Megiddo 3
It Is the Land of Honey
Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past
Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past
C Dates and the Iron Age Chronology of Israel
Boaretto et al. (2005) published 68 radiocarbon dates relating to 30 samples from 10 Iron Age sites in Israel as part of their Early Iron Age Dating Project. Though the main goal of their paper was an interlaboratory comparison, they also presented results of Bayesian models, calculating the transition from Iron Age I to Iron Age II in Israel to be about 900 BCE instead of the conventional date of about 1000 BCE. Since this date has great importa…
The Iron Age Chronology Debate
Iron Age Chronology in Israel
Bayesian methods have been widely used to address the Iron Age chronological debate in Israel, which has implications for the entire eastern Mediterranean Iron Age chronology. However, a consensus has not been reached. This is largely because radiocarbon dates of materials in this period lie on an oscillation in the calibration curve. This study focuses on the modeling of 14 C dates from the Iron I and Iron II periods, discusses the underlying as…
A Response to Finkelstein and Piasetzky'S Criticism and “New Perspective”
The following short paper is a response to criticism by Finkelstein and Piasetzky (2010b), published in the present issue of Radiocarbon , of our 2008 paper in Radiocarbon concerning the evaluation of 14 C dates from Iron Age levels in Israel published by Boaretto et al. (2005). We refer to criticism concerning exclusion and inclusion of data. We also evaluate new models suggested by Finkelstein and Piasetzky and in particular their suggestion of…
Radiocarbon Dates from Iron Age Strata at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov
We discuss the significance of 32 radiocarbon dates from the archaeological sites of Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov in northern Israel. All dates are from Iron Age I and II archaeological contexts (12th–8th centuries BCE). Most of the dates were done on short-lived samples (seeds and olive pits), while some are on charred timber. The samples are organized in several homogeneous clusters according to their context. This series is one of the largest …
Israeli archaeology
Emphasis is placed on the Bronze and Iron Ages, though other periods are briefly mentioned. Various trends in Palestinian archaeology prior to 1948 are surveyed, especially that of 'biblical archaeology'. The excavations at Hazor during the 1950s became a field school for the new generation of Israeli archaeologists who have since greatly expanded archaeological research in the country. The current methods of Israeli excavating, registering of fi…
Weaving in Iron Age Tel Reḥov and the Jordan Valley
This article examines the development and spatial distribution of loom weights in Tel Reḥov and its vicinity during the twelfth through eighth centuries BCE. Non-perforated cylindrical weights (“spools”), dated to the early twelfth century BCE, are discussed in relation to their appearance in the Mediterranean world. Clay weights of the eleventh and tenth centuries were replaced during the tenth and mainly the ninth century BCE by specialized pro…
Iron Age beehives at Tel Reḥov in the Jordan valley
Beehives were discovered in a densley built area in the Iron Age city of Reḥov (tenth-ninth century BC). They consisted of hollow clay cylinders, each with a little hole at one end (for the bee) and a removable lid at the other (for the bee keeper). These beehives, the earliest found in the Near East, were identified by analogy with examples pictured on Egyptian tombs and in use by traditional peoples. The suggested identification was confirmed b…
It Is the Land of Honey
Tel Reḥov in the Tenth and Ninth Centuries BCE
Tel Reḥov was the location of one of the largest Iron Age cities in northern Israel during the Iron Age IIA, the main period investigated at the site. This article summarizes the stratigraphy, main architectural features, aspects of daily life and material culture, industries, trade relations, writing, religion and iconography, as well as chronology and historical questions. The finds reflect cultural and economic processes that the city and its …
Megiddo 3
Iron Age Fortresses in the Judaean Hills
(1982). Iron Age Fortresses in the Judaean Hills. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 87-109
Ritual Dancing in the Iron Age
The Bible gives us many characterizations of the dance and its importance in Iron Age Israel. Dance in this culture is described as an expression of spontaneous joy. Investigating both the archaeology and the texts of the time, the author tells us that dancing was an integral part of ritual in biblical times
The "Bull Site"
Three Seasons of Excavations at Tel Batash
Iron Age Fortresses in the Judaean Hills
(1982). Iron Age Fortresses in the Judaean Hills. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 87-109
Israeli archaeology
Emphasis is placed on the Bronze and Iron Ages, though other periods are briefly mentioned. Various trends in Palestinian archaeology prior to 1948 are surveyed, especially that of 'biblical archaeology'. The excavations at Hazor during the 1950s became a field school for the new generation of Israeli archaeologists who have since greatly expanded archaeological research in the country. The current methods of Israeli excavating, registering of fi…
On the Israelite Fortress at Arad
Mazar's "Excavations at Tell Qasile", II
"Finkelstein's "Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement
Hartuv, an Aspect of the Early Bronze I Culture of Southern Israel
Excavations at the site of Hartuv, in the Shephelah region of Israel, have revealed a single-period site dating to the Early Bronze I. The major discovery is an architectural complex excavated at the center of the site. It includes a central courtyard surrounded by rooms on at least three sides. One of the rooms, a rectangular hall with pillar bases along its long axis, may have been a sanctuary with a line of standing stones (massebot) which in …
Iron Age Chronology
This paper contests I. Finkelstein's proposed low chronology for the mid-twelfth to mid-eighth centuries BCE. Though indeed there are few, if any, chronological ‘anchors’ during this period, it is claimed that the suggested low chronology is based on flimsy evidence, and creates new unsolvable problems, instead of resolving the older ones. Pushing the date of the Philistine Monochrome pottery phase (local Myc. IIIC) beyond the end of the Egyptian…
Timnah
La vallee du Sorek, lieux des aventures de Samson. Tel Batesh, un tertre artificiel longtemps neglige, identifie a la Timna des Philistins, est fouille annuellement depuis 1977. Premiere ville fortifiee au Bronze Moyen. A l'epoque cananeenne, Bronze Recent, cinq niveaux d'occupation ont ete deceles (soit entre 1550 et 1200). Les Philistins ont amenage la Timna cananeenne. Sous David-Salomon, une ville israelite fut construite sur les ruines phili…
The conservation and management of mudbrick buildings at Tell Qasile, Israel
Tell Qasile, in the area of the Eretz Israel Museum in north Tel Aviv, is the location of a small town founded in the twelfth century BCE. The site has significant importance for the study of various aspects of the Iron Age period in Israel. The buildings at the site were constructed of mudbricks on stone foundations. Conservation of buildings at the site was carried out using three methods: 1) building roofs (in roofed areas no other conservatio…
The ‘Bull Site’ and the ‘Einun Pottery’ Reconsidered
Since I published the elaborate bronze bull statuette from the so-called Bull Site' (Daharat et-Tawileh) in Northern Samaria in 1982, it has become a famous icon related to the Iron Age I settlement in the hill country. Its picture adorns many papers and books related to the subject. I thus read with interest I. Finkelstein's attempt to slaughter this sacred cow (or bull, in our case) by dating it to the Middle Bronze Age (Finkelstein 1997). His …
Radiocarbon Dates from Iron Age Strata at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov
We discuss the significance of 32 radiocarbon dates from the archaeological sites of Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov in northern Israel. All dates are from Iron Age I and II archaeological contexts (12th–8th centuries BCE). Most of the dates were done on short-lived samples (seeds and olive pits), while some are on charred timber. The samples are organized in several homogeneous clusters according to their context. This series is one of the largest …
Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past
Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past
Ritual Dancing in the Iron Age
The Bible gives us many characterizations of the dance and its importance in Iron Age Israel. Dance in this culture is described as an expression of spontaneous joy. Investigating both the archaeology and the texts of the time, the author tells us that dancing was an integral part of ritual in biblical times
Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan
Thirteen essays on the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan, covering settlement patterns, iconography, cult, palaeography and the archaeology of certain key sites. This volume offers an exceptionally informed update in a fast-moving area of discovery and interpretation. The first section deals with spatial archaeology and settlement patterns, all the papers based on the fieldwork by A. Zertal in Samaria, A. Ofer in Judah, G. Lehmann in the Akko Plain, …
Megiddo 3
It Is the Land of Honey
C Dates and the Iron Age Chronology of Israel
Boaretto et al. (2005) published 68 radiocarbon dates relating to 30 samples from 10 Iron Age sites in Israel as part of their Early Iron Age Dating Project. Though the main goal of their paper was an interlaboratory comparison, they also presented results of Bayesian models, calculating the transition from Iron Age I to Iron Age II in Israel to be about 900 BCE instead of the conventional date of about 1000 BCE. Since this date has great importa…
Iron Age beehives at Tel Reḥov in the Jordan valley
Beehives were discovered in a densley built area in the Iron Age city of Reḥov (tenth-ninth century BC). They consisted of hollow clay cylinders, each with a little hole at one end (for the bee) and a removable lid at the other (for the bee keeper). These beehives, the earliest found in the Near East, were identified by analogy with examples pictured on Egyptian tombs and in use by traditional peoples. The suggested identification was confirmed b…
Tel Beth Shean During the EB IB Period
The Early Bronze I (henceforth EB I) is a formative era in the Southern Levant. Modern research has thrown light on many aspects of this period: its long duration, its spatial and temporal subdivisions, its settlement pattern, its socio-economic characterizations, and the phenomenon of Egyptian colonization in southern Palestine (e.g. Stager 1992, 28–34; Joffe 1993, 39–62; Braun 1996). Among the prominent discoveries related to the later part of …
Backbone of Society
Zooarchaeological data from Iron Age urban contexts may reveal information pertaining to ancient economy, society, and culture. In this paper, a large sample of animal bones from the domestic quarters of Iron Age Tel Reḥov in the Beth Shean Valley region of northern Israel is considered. An analysis of livestock herd demography and butchery patterns is used to explore the foodways of the inhabitants of the city. The meat consumption habits of the…
A Response to Finkelstein and Piasetzky'S Criticism and “New Perspective”
The following short paper is a response to criticism by Finkelstein and Piasetzky (2010b), published in the present issue of Radiocarbon , of our 2008 paper in Radiocarbon concerning the evaluation of 14 C dates from Iron Age levels in Israel published by Boaretto et al. (2005). We refer to criticism concerning exclusion and inclusion of data. We also evaluate new models suggested by Finkelstein and Piasetzky and in particular their suggestion of…
The Iron Age Chronology Debate
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