Barbara Graziosi
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1103350 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Barbara Graziosi |
| PRENOMES | Barbara |
| SOBRENOME | Graziosi |
| ASSINATURA | GRAZIOSI B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Durham University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 102 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 73 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2006 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Personal Religion in the Ancient Greek World
Much is known about the manifold ways in which ancient Greek religious beliefs and practices map onto the social and political structures of the ancient Greek polis. The way in which the individual served as the basic unit of ancient Greek religion, and the personal dimension of ancient Greek religion associated with it, is much less well understood. This book offers the first comprehensive study of ancient Greek personal religion since the major…
Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
Ancient audiences ascribed personal religious views to individual playwrights – a fact that confirms ‘personal religion’ as a meaningful category in the study of ancient Greek society in general and the theatre in particular. Aeschylus was especially devoted to Demeter; Sophocles was exceptionally pious; Euripides was hell-bent to show that there were no gods. The oeuvres of these playwrights inspired such inferences, to be sure, but other factor…
Texts and Intertexts in Archaic and Classical Greece
Encompassing the period from the earliest archaic epics down through classical Athenian drama, this is the first concerted, step-by-step examination of the development of allusive poetics in the early Greek world. Recent decades have seen a marked rise in intertextual approaches to early Greek literature; as scholars increasingly agree on the need to read these texts in a comparative way, this only makes all the more urgent the question of how be…
Textual clues
Little is known about how the Iliad and the Odyssey were composed, but ‘Textual clues’ suggests that we need to understand how oral techniques worked, as well as epic formulae and type scenes, to reconstruct how the poems were composed and to interpret them. They are also crucial in order to understand the unusual language in which the poems were composed. Homeric Greek was developed in order to sing the deeds of gods and men to the rhythm of the…
Women and monsters
For all that Odysseus is hard to pin down, several characters try to do so, particularly women. In a poem so interested in pleasure and family, survival and return, ‘Women and monsters’ suggests it is perhaps unsurprising that female characters should be prominent: the loneliness of Odysseus and his constant wanderings suggest that what he needs, above all, is a home. He has one, of course, in Ithaca, but the poem repeatedly hints that he may set…
The wrath of Achilles
‘The wrath of Achilles’ outlines the story of the Iliad . Right at the start, the reader is promised a grand poem about a very specific issue: the wrath of Achilles, which brought countless agonies upon the Achaeans. We are told the cause of this wrath—an apparently petty quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, ‘leader of men’—and are confronted with its devastating consequences. The Iliad stages a conflict between the best and the most powerful …
A poem about Troy
The Iliad is not just concerned with Achilles’ destructive anger. Its ancient title promises ‘a poem about Troy’. It focuses on just a small part of the Trojan War—a handful of days, which do not include the fall of the city, or even the death of Achilles. And yet it does manage to become the poem about Troy. ‘A poem about Troy’ explains how the Iliad offers an intense exploration of leadership and its failures, making it a political poem. It als…
Looking for Homer
The first extant sources that mention Homer by name date to the sixth century BCE: from them, we can establish that the Greeks considered him an outstanding poet of great antiquity, but that they knew nothing certain about him. ‘Looking for Homer’ explains that there was no agreement about Homer’s birthplace or life and there were doubts about which poems, exactly, he had composed. As views about poetry changed, so did definitions of ‘Homer’. To …
An infernal journey
Of all his many adventures, Odysseus’ journey to the Underworld is his most extreme. He manages to reach the place most distant from home, and from life itself, yet return even from there. His nekyia —‘dialogue with the dead’—is arguably his greatest feat, and one that has been replayed again and again in literary history. ‘An infernal journey’ describes other ancient heroes who have visited the Underworld: Heracles, Theseus, and Orpheus, and Enk…
Material clues
‘Material clues’ considers the archaeological evidence for when the Iliad and Odyssey were composed, including Heinrich Schliemann’s quest to find Troy on the basis of clues in the texts. The Iliad and the Odyssey refer to material circumstances not found before the later eighth or early seventh century BCE. They describe a distant, mythical past, but are set in a real and recognisable landscape. No interpretation leads to a single original audie…
The poet in the poems
There is little evidence about the person or people responsible for the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey . Within the epics themselves, however, the voice of the narrator can clearly be heard. That voice was important to ancient audiences and readers, influencing what they thought about the legendary ‘Homer’—and that voice remains important today, not because it reveals the actual author(s) of the poems, but because it characterises the n…
The tragedy of Hector
‘The tragedy of Hector’ explains how the death of this hero becomes a symbol for the fall of Troy. It also argues that the Iliad does not allow us to view it only from that general perspective. The poem explores how Hector himself comes to realise that he is about to die and it is through Hector that we are shown in detail what it means to draw ever closer to death. Hector is an impressive character, and yet has flaws, including his acute sense o…
The man of many turns
Andra , the first word of the Odyssey , announces a poem about ‘man’. The protagonist’s quest for knowledge, his travels, his suffering, and his determination to return to his wife and child are all themes of universal significance: the Odyssey seeks to define what it means to be human. ‘The man of many turns’ explains that andra also refers to one, unnamed, and puzzling individual. It is difficult to know what to make of him, or even pinpoint hi…
Behind the Mask
This new study of Menander casts fresh light not only on the techniques of the playwright but also on the literary and historical contexts of the plays. Menander (342/1-292/1 BCE) wrote over a hundred popular comedies, several of which were adapted by Plautus and Terence. Through them, he was a major influence on Shakespeare and Molière. However, his work survived only in excerpts and quotation until some significant texts reappeared in the ninet…
Homer
Homer’s mythological tales of war and homecoming, the Iliad and the Odyssey , are widely considered to be two of the most influential works in the history of world literature. Yet their author, ‘the greatest poet that ever lived’, is something of a mystery. Homer: A Very Short Introduction considers Homer’s famous works, their composition, and their impact on readers throughout the centuries. It also shows how scholars’ notes on ancient manuscrip…
Still Singing
This chapter considers the relationship between Orpheus the mythical character and Orpheus the putative author of mystic texts, arguing that it is best understood by focusing on the tomb of the singer. Various ancient sources suggest that the singer carried on performing poetry even after his death: he sang from his tomb and through the landscape. This helps to explain how Orphic authorship worked in antiquity, as well as the reasons why it was s…
Tombs of the Ancient Poets
This book explores the ways in which the tombs of the ancient poets—real and imagined—are crucial sites for the reception of Greek and Latin poetry. The volume makes a distinctive contribution to the study of literary reception by focusing on the materiality of the body and the tomb, and the ways in which they mediate the relationship between classical poetry and its readers. From the tomb of the boy poet Quintus Sulpicius Maximus, which preserve…
Divine Conflict and the Problem of Aphrodite
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Conflict and Consensus in Early Greek Hexameter Poetry
Achilles inflicts countless agonies on the Achaeans, although he is supposed to be fighting on their side. Odysseus' return causes civil strife on Ithaca. The Iliad and the Odyssey depict conflict where consensus should reign, as do the other major poems of the early Greek hexameter tradition: Hesiod's Theogony and the Homeric Hymns describe divine clashes that unbalance the cosmos; Hesiod's Works and Days stems from a quarrel between brothers. T…
Close encounters with the ancient poets
In his Autobiography, Malcolm X claims that the Homeric Question is something that preoccupied him during his incarceration
Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion
Studied for many years by scholars with Christianising assumptions, Greek religion has often been said to be quite unlike Christianity: a matter of particular actions (orthopraxy), rather than particular beliefs (orthodoxies). This volume dares to think that, both in and through religious practices and in and through religious thought and literature, the ancient Greeks engaged in a sustained conversation about the nature of the gods and how to re…
Inspiração divina e técnica narrativa na Ilíada
Este artigo estabelece um diálogo entre abordagens modernas da Ilíada e concepções antigas do poema como divinamente inspirado. Ele começa com uma análise da invocação à Musa e passa a perguntar de qual perspectiva a estória é contada, usando a noção de cronotopo de Bakthin. Ele conclui mostrando que algumas estórias antigas sobre o poeta Homero refletem uma apreciação sensível da voz do poeta dentro da Ilíada
The poet in the Iliad
This chapter seeks to characterize the voice of the poet within the Iliad, and to show that a better understanding of the poet’s voice helps to explain several distinctive and puzzling features of Iliadic narrative. The chapter looks at the poet’s relationship to the Muses, and his temporal and spatial self-positioning within the world of the Trojan war, all of which illustrate the divine perspective he offers on that war.
Homer
This book offers a new approach to the study of Homeric epic by combining ancient Greek perceptions of Homer with up-to-date scholarship on traditional poetry. Part I argues that, in the archaic period, the Greeks saw the lliad and Odyssey neither as literary works in the modern sense nor as the products of oral poetry. Instead, they regarded them as belonging to a much wider history of the divine cosmos, whose structures and themes are reflected…
Gods of Olympus
Tombs of the Ancient Poets
This book explores the ways in which the tombs of the ancient poets—real and imagined—are crucial sites for the reception of Greek and Latin poetry. The volume makes a distinctive contribution to the study of literary reception by focusing on the materiality of the body and the tomb, and the ways in which they mediate the relationship between classical poetry and its readers. From the tomb of the boy poet Quintus Sulpicius Maximus, which preserve…
The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies
The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies is a unique collection of some seventy articles, which together explore the ways in which ancient Greece has been, is, and might be studied. It is intended to inform its readers, but also, importantly, to inspire them, and to enable them to pursue their own research by introducing the primary resources and exploring the latest agenda for their study. The emphasis is on the breadth and potential of Hellenic …
The Ancient Reception of Homer
Slavery
This article addresses the issue of slavery. Where society operates to give cultural shape to biological facts in the case of sexuality, it denies cultural identity or cultural significance to slaves, who become ‘mere’ bodies. Most of the written evidence from Greek antiquity comes from the perspective of slave-owners. People cannot know what ancient Greek slaves might have had to say about their experiences of enslavement. There are various ways…
Urban Landscape and Architecture
That the idea of the polis came to stand as a reference point for Hellenic cultural ideals is not, as one might have thought, purely the result of later memory, or memorialization of the political structures that obtained during a rich and productive era in Greek cultural history. This happened, of course; but it built on a conscious attempt by its inhabitants to promote the polis as a centre for cultural identity. This article looks at how the c…
Hellenism and Modernity
This article argues that Hellenism is a controversial concept with a lengthy history, and which ultimately defies all attempts to give it definition. In discussing Matthew Arnold, it suggests that people think of Hellenism as a relationship between a particular past and a perpetually changing present. The ancient Greek world is contested, fragile, and phantasmatic; it is constructed by a gaze that looks intensely back into the past. While the con…
Homer
Homer in Albania
This chapter examines the Albanian novelist Ismail Kadare's engagement with the work of the Homerist and folklorist Albert Lord. This discussion is prefaced by a review of cross-disciplinary shifts in the understanding and definition of epic in the 20th century, and the effect that these shifts had on the relationship between literature, oral epic, and Homeric poetry. Turning to Kadare, the chapter explains some of the ways in which Lord's resear…
Homer in the Twentieth Century
This collection of essays explores the crucial place of Homer in the shifting cultural landscape of the twentieth century. It argues that Homer was viewed both as the founding father of the Western literary canon and as sharing important features with poems, performances, and traditions which were often deemed neither literary nor Western: the epics of Yugoslavia and sub-Saharan Africa, the keening performances of Irish women, the spontaneous inv…
The Ancient Reception of Homer
Postcolonialism
This article discusses the ‘dialogue’ between postcolonial theory and Hellenistic studies. It highlights this by exploring the act of will and self-identification by which Greece is appropriated to a particular culture, made its history, and put to its service. One important point to which the discussion draws attention is the potentially universal significance that this gives Hellenic studies: just because the appropriation of ancient Greece is …
Music
One area where it is particularly difficult to bridge the gap between text and performance is ancient music. This article notes that people today know very little about how ancient music sounded. It is much easier to relate ancient theories of music to other intellectual endeavours, such as the study of physics, mathematics, or ethics, than to investigate its connections with the work of practicing musicians. There is a paradox here, because anci…
Gender Studies
This article examines the meaning given within different social structures to human individuals, whose relationship even with their own bodies is culturally determined. While ‘gender’ is widely understood to be a hermeneutic tool used in feminist research, its relationship to other feminist approaches is not altogether clear. Gender studies as a field is a relatively recent spin-off from ‘women in antiquity’. Investigation of ancient women, the r…
The Greek Heritage in Islam
This article discusses the attempts of Muslim intellectuals to forge a kind of synthesis between Greek philosophy and Islamic thought, attempts that have parallels in the Christian and Judaic traditions. Classical Muslim culture remained a vibrant and pluralistic phenomenon that often conceived of Greek thought and learning as an indigenous tradition, and as a legitimate precursor to Islamic scholarship.
Games and Festivals
The festivals of the Greek world demonstrate the power of Hellenism as a unifying ideal, together with the vitality and variety of local Hellenic practice. There is a vast array of complementary views of Greek festivals, which between them can help people to reconstruct the perspectives of spectator and competitor, citizen and foreign visitor, emperor and benefactor, cultural centres and cultural margins. That highly varied body of material makes…
The Novel
The novel flourished at a time when Greek identity was above all a matter of cultural affiliation. This article argues that the characters in the novels are fundamentally concerned with issues of gender, ethnicity, culture, and identity – and that their readers must have been too. However, the relationship between the world depicted in the novels and that in which they were written and read remains difficult to characterize: it is remarkable, for…
Biography
This article points out that the genre of biography was also fundamentally concerned with Hellenic identity. As the discussion holds, ancient biographies do not just describe individuals, they tackle a range of issues, chief among which is that crucial question, what it might mean to be Greek. Biography is about individuals. That is what makes it interesting; it is also what leaves it vulnerable to critics who look for something more, for the big…
Historiography
In discussing ancient historiography, this article makes something of the opposite claim: Thucydides – for example – wrote ‘a possession for all time’, but was also a man of his age. The ‘linguistic’ and the ‘cultural’ turn in the study of historiography help situate his work in a broader fifth-century context and acknowledge its strangeness. Among other things, new approaches enable people to rediscover the connections between rhetoric and histo…
Religion
Religion as a subject of research is a product of modern times. With monotheistic religions such as Christianity, it is thought of as an autonomous and self-referential system with a large degree of inner coherence and a binding theology. The Greeks, however, had no word for religion as an abstract category. Religion did not exist outside the contexts in which it was lived. Greek religion lacks the defining features of most modern religions. Clas…
Low Philosophy
Philosophy in an Aristotelian vein speaks a language almost of its own making, with unusual words such as substance, accident, matter, form, actuality, potentiality, entelechy, and the like. The ideal here seems to be that philosophy speaks directly to the mortal devotee, who loses himself in that higher music. And yet there are other dimensions to ancient thinkers, even the systematic ones, which sit uneasily with such a high philosophy. This ar…
Film Studies
Film studies provides the ideal field for further reflection on the issue of Greek culture. It involves the translation of Greek material into a new medium, as well as a new language, a medium furthermore that is characteristically modern. This article points out that this is the medium through which many moderns have their first or only self-aware encounter with ancient Greece. The stories of the Greek world have functioned as meta-narratives or…
Medicine
This article attempts to characterize a secular tradition of medicine, and focuses on approaches to the body and theories of causation. It seems that, just like the street philosophers, magicians were more individualistic and charismatic than the writers of systematic treatises, and yet they too sometimes relied on texts. It is important to remain open to possible connections between magic and medicine. For example, in the course of medical histo…
Lyric Poetry
This article emphasizes the importance of context, and of what is lost, when people approach the study of lyric poetry: even the one complete poem by Sappho turns out to be a fragment, because people can no longer hear the tune to which it was sung, because they do not know for whom she was singing. It suggests that people need to rethink quite radically ancient processes of identification between poets, performers, and audiences; while, at the s…
Numismatics
This article describes the origins of Greek numismatics, the emergence of the discipline, die study, hoards, and future trends. In discussing Greek coins, it presents a vivid case study of a trajectory in Hellenic scholarship observed similarly in archeology. In the early days, when artistic or iconographical interests dominated, coins were often thought of as ‘medals’; today more attention is paid to their social context, including not just thei…
Epic Poetry
The term ‘epic’, when applied to ancient Greek literature, refers to a set of texts that may be loosely defined as narrative poetry about the deeds of gods and heroes. To a very large extent, this is a reflection of Homer's authority as the most famous epic poet. This article argues that recent comparisons between early Greek epic and modern oral traditions, as well as the discovery and investigation of ancient Hittite and Near Eastern texts, pla…
Hellenism in the Renaissance
This article discusses Hellenism in the Renaissance, illustrating how humanist scholarship laid the foundations for modern philology and the later stages of classical studies. It points out the hunger for ancient texts and knowledge that fuelled Renaissance intellectuals such as Coluccio Salutati and Leonardo Bruni. A large part of the humanist project was devoted to acquiring Greek texts, translating them into Latin, and studying them with the i…
Tragedy
Tragedy has inspired such feverish activity over the past half-century, both in scholarship and in the theatre, that it is hard to sketch the main lines of past explorations, let alone indicate how they may develop and ramify in the future. This article attempts to do just that. It presents an overview of approaches to tragedy in the recent past, and some divinations about areas of study that may reward interest in the future. Presently, in Greek…
Sexuality and Gender
In discussing sexual identity, this article focuses on specific issues in understanding how individuals could be constructed as sexual beings. The ancient Greeks themselves had no specific or overarching terms for either gender or sexuality, yet distinctions based on biological sex were deeply embedded in the linguistic, cognitive, political, and social structures of their society at all periods. Just as biological sex precedes sexuality in many …
Reception
Collections of scholarly articles on aspects of the ancient world often end with a token article on the later ‘reception’ of the topic under discussion. This article also ends with a paper on reception, but for a different reason. It focuses on the theory of reception, and various examples of its practice within Hellenic studies. The article also notes that together with the preceding articles, ‘reception studies’ cannot be separated out as a met…
Colonies and Colonization
This article suggests that the study of colonies and colonization needs to be situated within wider Mediterranean and Near Eastern contexts and to throw off its parochial conception of Greek history. However, a wider geographical range is not enough by itself to bring the study of ancient colonization out of its current ‘crisis’. Scholars should be rethinking the very terminology they employ, including such words as ‘colonization’, and they ought…
Hellenistic Poetry
This article examines Hellenistic poetry by outlining the gradual separation between literary genres and the performance contexts within which they originally developed. The Hellenistic poets felt the gap and tried to reconstruct a literary past from which they felt separated. In a city like Alexandria, where different cultures and ethnicities coexisted, Greek identity was increasingly seen as a matter of cultural and literary competence, rather …
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