David Brownfield
Biographic Data
| ID | 110458 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David Brownfield |
| GIVEN NAMES | David |
| FAMILY NAME | Brownfield |
| SIGNATURE | BROWNFIELD D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 144 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Gang Membership, Race, and Social Class: A Test of the Group Hazard and Master Status Hypotheses
This article examines the extent to which gang membership, race, and social class affect a youth's chances of being arrested, independent of their self-reported delinquent behavior. We couple the concepts of group hazard and master status to frame our theoretical predictions. Using data from the Seattle Youth Study (Hindelang, Hirschi, and Weis 1981), we find that the odds of being arrested are roughly similar for gang and nongang members, contro…
Criminological Controversies: A Methodological Primer
Prologue * The Class and Crime Controversy * Testing Propositions About Gender and Crime * Urbanization, Sociohistorical Context, and Crime * Initial and Subsequent Effects of Policing on Crime * Subcultural Theories of Crime and Delinquency * The Drugs and Crime Connection and Offense Specialization: A Latent Variable Approach * Epilogue
Sibship size and sibling delinquency
Research findings consistently document a positive correlation between family size and delinquency. However, no study has yet provided a complete explanation for the effects of family size on delinquency. In this paper, we review several of the explanations of this correlation advanced in previous work. Explanations based on demographic or background characteristics (such as birth order and ethnicity) and on social control theory are rejected. We…
Self-control and juvenile delinquency: Theoretical issues and an empirical assessment of selected elements of a general theory of crime
Social control theory has been one of the most influential explanations of crime and delinquency for many years. Gottfredson and Hirschi propose a new general theory of crime that includes individual restraints on behavior, or "self‐control," as distinguished from social restraints. The elements of self‐control include an ability to defer gratification, the tendency to be cautious and diligent, cognitive ability, and sensitivity toward others. In…
The Measurement of Parental Influence: Assessing the Relative Effects of Father and Mother
The influence that parents have on the social, behavioral, and psychological status of their children is the focus of a large and important body of literature in the social sciences. The data collected to study parental influence often describe individual mothers and fathers, leaving the researcher with the problem of representing the joint influence of these individuals as parents. A diagonal ANOVA model is proposed to represent parental influen…
Religion and drug use among adolescents: A social support conceptualization and interpretation
In this paper the relationship between religion and drug use among adolescents is examined. Measures of religious participation and religiosity are found to be strong negative correlates of drug use. Using latent class analytic methods, we develop and test the concept of "social support" to interpret the effects of religion on adolescent drug use. The concept of social support is incorporated into social control theory. The effects of peer associ…
Adolescent male status and delinquent behavior
This article examines the relationship between delinquency and measures of adolescent differentiation, inequality, and stratification in two data sets. We examine the effects of popularity among peers, appearance, academic standing, financial and occupational position, and influence within the family. We find that measures of adolescent differentiation, inequality, and stratification are positively and negatively associated with delinquency, depe…
Juvenile Delinquency: A Systems Approach
Adult reports of juvenile delinquency: A research note on the reliability of a retrospective design
In this study we present evidence which supports the use of retrospective research designs to study the transition from delinquency to adult deviance. Delinquency rates based on adolescents’ responses to the Richmond Youth Study in 1965 are compared to the rates based on retrospective accounts of delinquency provided by adults to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in 1981–82. These comparisons were enhanced by controlling for race, sex, birth…
Stubborn Children: Controlling Delinquency in the United States, 1640-1981
Patterns of adolescent drug use: Inferences from latent structure analysis
Theoretical Methods in Criminology
A reassessment of cultural deviance theory: The use of underclass measures
This paper reassesses Miller's version of cultural deviance theory utilizing underclass measures to define the subculture. Previous research has ignored the potential of underclass measures such as unemployment and welfare status, despite evidence suggesting that such measures are strongly correlated with delinquency. The results in this paper are for the most part consistent with Miller's theory. We find that a number of indicators of subcultura…
Father-son relationships and violent behavior
Contrary to the compulsive masculinity thesis advanced in the Moynihan Report, the physical absence of the father is found to be unrelated to the self‐reported violent behavior of black and white boys. In general, however, identification with a father figure is a significant barrier to violent behavior. Black and white boys whose fathers have a history of unemployment are more likely to engage in violent behavior than sons of fully employed fathe…
Gender, Lifestyles, and Victimization: Beyond Routine Activity
Using data from a national survey of high school seniors and a study of high school students in Tucson, Arizona, this paper tests hypotheses about gender, routine activities, and delinquent activities as correlates of teenage victimization. The results are consistent with the hypotheses and suggest the following generalizations: (1) activities which involve the mutual pursuit of fun are more victimogenic than activities which passively put people…
Social Class and Violent Behavior
This paper examines the relationship between violent behavior and a variety of measures of social class. Police records from one study and questionnaire data from two studies are analyzed. The strength of the relationship between class and violence varies significantly, depending primarily on the measure of class used. The implications of these findings are potentially profound for class‐based theories of crime and delinquency. Methodological imp…
Parents and Drugs: Specifying the Consequences of Attachment
This article examines three hypotheses about the relationship between attachment to parents and children's drug use when parents are perceived by their children as having used drugs. Hirschi's hypothesis that attachment to parents inhibits delinquency regardless of parental behavior is rejected in favor of hypotheses that predict variation in that relationship. In contrast to attachment to straight parents, attachment to drug‐using parents does n…
Self-control and juvenile delinquency: Theoretical issues and an empirical assessment of selected elements of a general theory of crime
Social control theory has been one of the most influential explanations of crime and delinquency for many years. Gottfredson and Hirschi propose a new general theory of crime that includes individual restraints on behavior, or "self‐control," as distinguished from social restraints. The elements of self‐control include an ability to defer gratification, the tendency to be cautious and diligent, cognitive ability, and sensitivity toward others. In…
Religion and drug use among adolescents: A social support conceptualization and interpretation
In this paper the relationship between religion and drug use among adolescents is examined. Measures of religious participation and religiosity are found to be strong negative correlates of drug use. Using latent class analytic methods, we develop and test the concept of "social support" to interpret the effects of religion on adolescent drug use. The concept of social support is incorporated into social control theory. The effects of peer associ…
Social Class and Violent Behavior
This paper examines the relationship between violent behavior and a variety of measures of social class. Police records from one study and questionnaire data from two studies are analyzed. The strength of the relationship between class and violence varies significantly, depending primarily on the measure of class used. The implications of these findings are potentially profound for class‐based theories of crime and delinquency. Methodological imp…
Parents and Drugs: Specifying the Consequences of Attachment
This article examines three hypotheses about the relationship between attachment to parents and children's drug use when parents are perceived by their children as having used drugs. Hirschi's hypothesis that attachment to parents inhibits delinquency regardless of parental behavior is rejected in favor of hypotheses that predict variation in that relationship. In contrast to attachment to straight parents, attachment to drug‐using parents does n…
Gang Membership, Race, and Social Class: A Test of the Group Hazard and Master Status Hypotheses
This article examines the extent to which gang membership, race, and social class affect a youth's chances of being arrested, independent of their self-reported delinquent behavior. We couple the concepts of group hazard and master status to frame our theoretical predictions. Using data from the Seattle Youth Study (Hindelang, Hirschi, and Weis 1981), we find that the odds of being arrested are roughly similar for gang and nongang members, contro…
Sibship size and sibling delinquency
Research findings consistently document a positive correlation between family size and delinquency. However, no study has yet provided a complete explanation for the effects of family size on delinquency. In this paper, we review several of the explanations of this correlation advanced in previous work. Explanations based on demographic or background characteristics (such as birth order and ethnicity) and on social control theory are rejected. We…
Father-son relationships and violent behavior
Contrary to the compulsive masculinity thesis advanced in the Moynihan Report, the physical absence of the father is found to be unrelated to the self‐reported violent behavior of black and white boys. In general, however, identification with a father figure is a significant barrier to violent behavior. Black and white boys whose fathers have a history of unemployment are more likely to engage in violent behavior than sons of fully employed fathe…
Patterns of adolescent drug use: Inferences from latent structure analysis
The Measurement of Parental Influence: Assessing the Relative Effects of Father and Mother
The influence that parents have on the social, behavioral, and psychological status of their children is the focus of a large and important body of literature in the social sciences. The data collected to study parental influence often describe individual mothers and fathers, leaving the researcher with the problem of representing the joint influence of these individuals as parents. A diagonal ANOVA model is proposed to represent parental influen…
Adult reports of juvenile delinquency: A research note on the reliability of a retrospective design
In this study we present evidence which supports the use of retrospective research designs to study the transition from delinquency to adult deviance. Delinquency rates based on adolescents’ responses to the Richmond Youth Study in 1965 are compared to the rates based on retrospective accounts of delinquency provided by adults to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in 1981–82. These comparisons were enhanced by controlling for race, sex, birth…
Parents and Drugs: Specifying the Consequences of Attachment
This article examines three hypotheses about the relationship between attachment to parents and children's drug use when parents are perceived by their children as having used drugs. Hirschi's hypothesis that attachment to parents inhibits delinquency regardless of parental behavior is rejected in favor of hypotheses that predict variation in that relationship. In contrast to attachment to straight parents, attachment to drug‐using parents does n…
Gender, Lifestyles, and Victimization: Beyond Routine Activity
Using data from a national survey of high school seniors and a study of high school students in Tucson, Arizona, this paper tests hypotheses about gender, routine activities, and delinquent activities as correlates of teenage victimization. The results are consistent with the hypotheses and suggest the following generalizations: (1) activities which involve the mutual pursuit of fun are more victimogenic than activities which passively put people…
Social Class and Violent Behavior
This paper examines the relationship between violent behavior and a variety of measures of social class. Police records from one study and questionnaire data from two studies are analyzed. The strength of the relationship between class and violence varies significantly, depending primarily on the measure of class used. The implications of these findings are potentially profound for class‐based theories of crime and delinquency. Methodological imp…
A reassessment of cultural deviance theory: The use of underclass measures
This paper reassesses Miller's version of cultural deviance theory utilizing underclass measures to define the subculture. Previous research has ignored the potential of underclass measures such as unemployment and welfare status, despite evidence suggesting that such measures are strongly correlated with delinquency. The results in this paper are for the most part consistent with Miller's theory. We find that a number of indicators of subcultura…
Father-son relationships and violent behavior
Contrary to the compulsive masculinity thesis advanced in the Moynihan Report, the physical absence of the father is found to be unrelated to the self‐reported violent behavior of black and white boys. In general, however, identification with a father figure is a significant barrier to violent behavior. Black and white boys whose fathers have a history of unemployment are more likely to engage in violent behavior than sons of fully employed fathe…
Theoretical Methods in Criminology
Adult reports of juvenile delinquency: A research note on the reliability of a retrospective design
In this study we present evidence which supports the use of retrospective research designs to study the transition from delinquency to adult deviance. Delinquency rates based on adolescents’ responses to the Richmond Youth Study in 1965 are compared to the rates based on retrospective accounts of delinquency provided by adults to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in 1981–82. These comparisons were enhanced by controlling for race, sex, birth…
Stubborn Children: Controlling Delinquency in the United States, 1640-1981
Patterns of adolescent drug use: Inferences from latent structure analysis
Adolescent male status and delinquent behavior
This article examines the relationship between delinquency and measures of adolescent differentiation, inequality, and stratification in two data sets. We examine the effects of popularity among peers, appearance, academic standing, financial and occupational position, and influence within the family. We find that measures of adolescent differentiation, inequality, and stratification are positively and negatively associated with delinquency, depe…
Juvenile Delinquency: A Systems Approach
The Measurement of Parental Influence: Assessing the Relative Effects of Father and Mother
The influence that parents have on the social, behavioral, and psychological status of their children is the focus of a large and important body of literature in the social sciences. The data collected to study parental influence often describe individual mothers and fathers, leaving the researcher with the problem of representing the joint influence of these individuals as parents. A diagonal ANOVA model is proposed to represent parental influen…
Religion and drug use among adolescents: A social support conceptualization and interpretation
In this paper the relationship between religion and drug use among adolescents is examined. Measures of religious participation and religiosity are found to be strong negative correlates of drug use. Using latent class analytic methods, we develop and test the concept of "social support" to interpret the effects of religion on adolescent drug use. The concept of social support is incorporated into social control theory. The effects of peer associ…
Self-control and juvenile delinquency: Theoretical issues and an empirical assessment of selected elements of a general theory of crime
Social control theory has been one of the most influential explanations of crime and delinquency for many years. Gottfredson and Hirschi propose a new general theory of crime that includes individual restraints on behavior, or "self‐control," as distinguished from social restraints. The elements of self‐control include an ability to defer gratification, the tendency to be cautious and diligent, cognitive ability, and sensitivity toward others. In…
Sibship size and sibling delinquency
Research findings consistently document a positive correlation between family size and delinquency. However, no study has yet provided a complete explanation for the effects of family size on delinquency. In this paper, we review several of the explanations of this correlation advanced in previous work. Explanations based on demographic or background characteristics (such as birth order and ethnicity) and on social control theory are rejected. We…
Criminological Controversies: A Methodological Primer
Prologue * The Class and Crime Controversy * Testing Propositions About Gender and Crime * Urbanization, Sociohistorical Context, and Crime * Initial and Subsequent Effects of Policing on Crime * Subcultural Theories of Crime and Delinquency * The Drugs and Crime Connection and Offense Specialization: A Latent Variable Approach * Epilogue
Gang Membership, Race, and Social Class: A Test of the Group Hazard and Master Status Hypotheses
This article examines the extent to which gang membership, race, and social class affect a youth's chances of being arrested, independent of their self-reported delinquent behavior. We couple the concepts of group hazard and master status to frame our theoretical predictions. Using data from the Seattle Youth Study (Hindelang, Hirschi, and Weis 1981), we find that the odds of being arrested are roughly similar for gang and nongang members, contro…
Psychology (15 works) · Juvenile delinquency (13 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (12 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Criminology (10 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works)