Maria Knight Lapinski
Biographic Data
| ID | 110473 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Maria Knight Lapinski |
| GIVEN NAMES | Maria Knight |
| FAMILY NAME | Lapinski |
| SIGNATURE | LAPINSKI M K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3766-0670 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 340 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 40 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Visual attention and retention effects of a design element in culturally targeted messages
Cultural Tailoring and Targeting of Messages
Social Norms for Illegal Hunting and Patrolling to Prevent It
Community-driven initiatives aimed at curbing wild animal poaching can effectively mitigate species decline, tailor programs to community needs, and align with community members’ preferences. This paper reports on formative data framed within the financial incentives in normative systems (FINS) model. Through in-depth interviews with ethnically Tibetan pastoralists, we find evidence for anti-poaching descriptive and injunctive norms, along with n…
Social norms and culture
Do Covid-19 related primary emotions affect risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, and information seeking and behavior? Examining emotions as audience segments
Introduction Primary emotions among the populace during global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, provide valuable insights. Guided by appraisal theories of emotions, this study explores emotional segmentation by mapping primary emotions related to COVID-19 and investigating their impact on cognitive and behavioral outcomes, including risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, behavioral intentions, prevention behaviors, and information seeki…
The Role of Collective Group Orientation and Social Norms on Physical Distancing Behaviors for Disease Prevention
To reduce the impact of communicable diseases like COVID-19, collective action is required and likely to be susceptible to normative influence as well as whether people are more or less collectively oriented. We extend the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB) to account for group orientation and predict the relationships between social norms and physical distancing behaviors. Using a rolling cross-sectional design during 17 weeks of the pan…
The Effect of Dynamic Norms Messages and Group Identity on Pro-Environmental Behaviors
This study investigates the influence of dynamic norms messages on behavioral intention via perceived future descriptive norms for two different pro-environmental behaviors and tests for the moderating role of group identity in the relationship between dynamic norms and behavior. The findings of an experiment show that perceived future descriptive norms mediate the effect of dynamic norms messages on behavioral intention. In addition, the pattern…
Believe it or not
As individuals make belief decisions on truths and falsehoods, a systematic organization of (mis)information emerges. In this study, we employ a network approach to illustrate how a sample of Americans share a cognitive network of false and true statements related to COVID-19. Moreover, we examine what factors are associated with the formation of misbeliefs. Findings from our US-based rolling cross-sectional survey data indicate that conservative…
Predicting Breastfeeding Intentions
Breastfeeding is a health promoting social behavior but statistics suggest a persistent disparity of lower rates among African American mothers. The Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB) explains when and how norms influence behaviors, but has produced inconsistent results with respect to proposed moderators group identity and injunctive norms (IN), limiting its predictive value in diverse cultural groups. Cultural norms are one of many infl…
Culture and Social Norms
Studies of social norms are common in the communication literature and are increasingly focused on cultural dynamics: studying co-cultural groups within national boundaries or comparing countries. Based on the review of the status quo in cross-cultural measurement development and our years of experience in conducting this research among a co-cultural group, this paper describes a Model for Culturally Contextualized Communication Measurement (MC 3…
Speaking of Values
This study introduces the concept of value-expressive communication and examines its relationship with behavioral intent. Value-expressive communication is conceptualized as the verbal output of a value-expressive attitude. Value-expressive communication about exercise is examined in relationship to strength of religious faith, exercise attitudes, communication frequency, and intentions to exercise among a sample of self-identified Christians. Th…
Understanding shark-related cognitive vulnerability and its role in shark diving
Negative perceptions and vulnerable feelings about sharks have been one of the greatest barriers to effective shark conservation efforts. This study used a self-report survey of young adults in a coastal state (N = 616) to examine how shark-related risk perceptions (severity and susceptibility) and sensation-seeking tendency influence cognitive vulnerability to sharks and its affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Results of a path analys…
Breastfeeding in Context
The purpose of this study was to describe social norms and salient social identities related to breastfeeding intentions among African American mothers in Washington, D.C. Five focus groups were held with 30 mothers who gave birth to a child between 2016 and 2019. Two coders conducted pragmatic thematic analysis. This study demonstrated that women hold different identities relevant to making infant feeding decisions, with mother being primary and…
Culture and social norms
Conceptions of what is typical (descriptive norms) and socially appropriate (injunctive norms) are constrained by culture. Based on interviews with Tibetan pastoralists in Western China, we examine social norms and behaviors associated with managing domesticated animals. We describe the ways that behavioral decisions are influenced by interpersonal communication and observation of norms, along with ecological, market, and policy forces. Explicit …
Characterizing Interpersonal Influence for Grassland Conservation Behaviours in a Unique Population
Interpersonal communication can influence the decisions people make about engaging in conservation behaviours. In-depth interviews with Tibetan pastoralists serve as the basis for examining interpersonal communication patterns and sources of interpersonal influence about grassland conservation behaviours. Herding and family groups are key collectives; salient sources of information vary across types of information. Salient individuals are those w…
The effects of social norms on motivation crowding
Literature on motivation crowding of financial incentives points to a potential role of social norms, but this literature has not attempted to quantify that role. We present an interdisciplinary model from economics and communication science that measures the effects of financial incentives on social norms and their joint effects on behavior, including after incentives have ended. In a framed field experiment with Tibetan herders in Qinghai, Chin…
Testing a susceptibility threshold for risk promotion messages in the shark diving context
This paper presents the results of two experiments designed to test a susceptibility threshold in the shark cage diving context, positing that persons who are high relative to low sensation-seekers are more likely to approach risks that are portrayed as scary and moderately probable. The results of study one provide evidence for the susceptibility threshold showing high sensation-seekers having greater behavioral intent to engage in risk behavior…
Social Norms, Behavioral Payment Programs, and Cooperative Behaviors
Descriptive and injunctive social norms communicated among groups are known to influence behavior, yet little is known about how they evolve over time and how financial incentives influence norms. This article tests hypotheses about the ways in which monetary incentives can disrupt normative impact while facilitating cooperative behavior. The results of a public goods experiment indicate that the presence of a financial incentive for behavior can…
A Re-Explication of Social Norms, Ten Years Later
We revisit some ideas from our previous article on social norms by conceptualizing norms as dynamic entities that both affect and are affected by human action; elaborating on the distinction between collective and perceived norms; summarizing key findings from studies that have adopted the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB) and thereby proposing guidelines for further expanding the purview of the TNSB; discussing the attribute-centered ap…
Recommendations for the role of social science research in One Health
Perceived Risks from Disease and Management Policies
Human dimensions information about wildlife disease risk management is an important component in developing successful policies because policy implementation depends on stakeholder involvement and public support. Understanding how stakeholders perceive risks is fundamental to successful disease management, yet a clear systematic theory-based framework is lacking. We expanded and tested a portion of the zoonotic disease risk information seeking an…
A Diffusion of Innovations Approach to Understand Stakeholder Perceptions of Renewable Energy Initiatives
This study uses diffusion of innovations (DOI) as a framework for formative research to understand different stakeholders’ perceptions of renewable energy initiatives (i.e., wind, solar, and biomass). Focus groups ( N =12) were conducted with several different stakeholders in Michigan: farmers ( n = 17), rural residents ( n = 20), urban residents ( n = 30), citizen activists/environmentalists ( n = 13), and individuals who live in tourist-based e…
Shark bytes
Websites designed to promote risky activities provide a novel context for studying the role of emotional appeals and message sensation value (MSV) in risk messages in order to ultimately understand the type of messages that motivate people to engage in risk behaviors. Framed in theories of message design and emotion, this study investigates representations of threat, efficacy, and the extent to which risk messages appeal to a range of positive an…
Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing
Journal Article Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing: a Field Experiment Get access Maria Knight Lapinski, Maria Knight Lapinski 1Department of Communication, Michigan Ag-Bio Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 1Corresponding author: Maria Lapinski; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erin K. Maloney, Erin K. Maloney 2The Annenberg School of Co…
Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Wishful Identification With Scientist Characters on Television
Adolescents’ wishful identification with televised scientist characters was examined as related to interactions among the following variables: gender of participant, gender of scientist character, program genre, and selected character attributes. Findings indicated some gender differences in adolescents’ wishful identification with scientist characters they viewed on television. Boys showed more wishful identification with male scientist than wit…
An Explication of Social Norms
This article identifies four factors for consideration in norms-based research to enhance the predictive ability of theoretical models. First, it makes the distinction between perceived and collective norms and between descriptive and injunctive norms. Second, the article addresses the role of important moderators in the relationship between descriptive norms and behaviors, including outcome expectations, group identity, and ego involvement. Thir…
A Re-Explication of Social Norms, Ten Years Later
We revisit some ideas from our previous article on social norms by conceptualizing norms as dynamic entities that both affect and are affected by human action; elaborating on the distinction between collective and perceived norms; summarizing key findings from studies that have adopted the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB) and thereby proposing guidelines for further expanding the purview of the TNSB; discussing the attribute-centered ap…
Assessing Media Influences on Middle School–Aged Children's Perceptions of Women in Science Using the Draw-A-Scientist Test (Dast)
Gender stereotypes in the mass media perpetuate traditional views of women that may influence children's perceptions of women in science, engineering, and technology. This study used a randomized posttest-only control group design to determine the efficacy of media literacy training on middle school–aged children's perceptions of scientists. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: discussion, discussion plus viewing of tel…
The Down Low, Social Stigma, and Risky Sexual Behaviors
The "down low" is purported to contribute to social stigma associated with being homosexual and may influence risk behaviors. This article examines communication patterns among stigmatized groups and reports the findings from 32 structured interviews and five focus groups with African-American men who have sex with men. Results indicate negative emotions associated with labels based on sexual practices, the influential role of organized religion …
Portrayals of Male and Female Scientists in Television Programs Popular Among Middle School-Age Children
This content analysis examined portrayals of scientist characters in 14 television programs popular among or likely to have been viewed by middle school—age children. While male scientists significantly outnumbered and appeared in significantly more scenes than did female scientists, males and females were depicted similarly in reference to professional position, marital status, and parental status. Gender-stereotyped behavior was largely absent …
Recommendations for the role of social science research in One Health
Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing
Journal Article Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing: a Field Experiment Get access Maria Knight Lapinski, Maria Knight Lapinski 1Department of Communication, Michigan Ag-Bio Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 1Corresponding author: Maria Lapinski; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erin K. Maloney, Erin K. Maloney 2The Annenberg School of Co…
Modeling the ego-defensive function of attitudes
Studying the psychological needs served by holding certain attitudes is the focus of the functional approach to attitudinal research. One function evidenced consistently in attitudinal studies is the ego-defensive function. Attitudes serving an ego-defensive function protect one's self-concept from counterattitudinal messages about the self. This paper presents an alternative perspective for understanding the ego-defensive function by conceiving …
Social Norms, Behavioral Payment Programs, and Cooperative Behaviors
Descriptive and injunctive social norms communicated among groups are known to influence behavior, yet little is known about how they evolve over time and how financial incentives influence norms. This article tests hypotheses about the ways in which monetary incentives can disrupt normative impact while facilitating cooperative behavior. The results of a public goods experiment indicate that the presence of a financial incentive for behavior can…
Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Wishful Identification With Scientist Characters on Television
Adolescents’ wishful identification with televised scientist characters was examined as related to interactions among the following variables: gender of participant, gender of scientist character, program genre, and selected character attributes. Findings indicated some gender differences in adolescents’ wishful identification with scientist characters they viewed on television. Boys showed more wishful identification with male scientist than wit…
A Diffusion of Innovations Approach to Understand Stakeholder Perceptions of Renewable Energy Initiatives
This study uses diffusion of innovations (DOI) as a framework for formative research to understand different stakeholders’ perceptions of renewable energy initiatives (i.e., wind, solar, and biomass). Focus groups ( N =12) were conducted with several different stakeholders in Michigan: farmers ( n = 17), rural residents ( n = 20), urban residents ( n = 30), citizen activists/environmentalists ( n = 13), and individuals who live in tourist-based e…
The impact of guilt and type of compliance‐gaining message on compliance
Consistent with Cialdini's Negative State Relief Model it has been established repeatedly that targets of compliance‐gaining attempts comply with a request to help more frequently when those targets feel guilty than when they do not feel guilty. Expanding upon this result it was predicted that to the extent that a compliance‐gaining message serves as a cue to link compliance with the restoration of positive or neutral affect, the compliance rate …
The effects of social norms on motivation crowding
Literature on motivation crowding of financial incentives points to a potential role of social norms, but this literature has not attempted to quantify that role. We present an interdisciplinary model from economics and communication science that measures the effects of financial incentives on social norms and their joint effects on behavior, including after incentives have ended. In a framed field experiment with Tibetan herders in Qinghai, Chin…
Culture and social norms
Conceptions of what is typical (descriptive norms) and socially appropriate (injunctive norms) are constrained by culture. Based on interviews with Tibetan pastoralists in Western China, we examine social norms and behaviors associated with managing domesticated animals. We describe the ways that behavioral decisions are influenced by interpersonal communication and observation of norms, along with ecological, market, and policy forces. Explicit …
Shark bytes
Websites designed to promote risky activities provide a novel context for studying the role of emotional appeals and message sensation value (MSV) in risk messages in order to ultimately understand the type of messages that motivate people to engage in risk behaviors. Framed in theories of message design and emotion, this study investigates representations of threat, efficacy, and the extent to which risk messages appeal to a range of positive an…
Evidence for the Construct Validity and Reliability of the Co-Cultural Theory Scales
Co-cultural theory provides a theoretical framework that examines the ways that members of co-cultural groups communicate when interacting with members of a dominant culture (Orbe, 1998a Orbe, M. 1998a. Constructing co-cultural theory: An explication of culture, power, and communication, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). The tenants of the theory were inductively derived via phenomenological analyses of focus group and inte…
Speaking of information manipulation
This essay critically examines two articles addressing deceptive messages. We take exception with the Jacobs, Dawson, and Brashers claim that IMT is inconsistent with Grice, and compare their arguments to those of Grice. The Jacobs et al. data are reanalyzed and shown to be inconsistent with their premise that deception derives solely from erroneous Quality implicatures. Burgoon, Buller, Guerrero, Afifi, and Feldman's article describing informati…
Speaking of information manipulation
This essay critically examines two articles addressing deceptive messages. We take exception with the Jacobs, Dawson, and Brashers claim that IMT is inconsistent with Grice, and compare their arguments to those of Grice. The Jacobs et al. data are reanalyzed and shown to be inconsistent with their premise that deception derives solely from erroneous Quality implicatures. Burgoon, Buller, Guerrero, Afifi, and Feldman's article describing informati…
The impact of guilt and type of compliance‐gaining message on compliance
Consistent with Cialdini's Negative State Relief Model it has been established repeatedly that targets of compliance‐gaining attempts comply with a request to help more frequently when those targets feel guilty than when they do not feel guilty. Expanding upon this result it was predicted that to the extent that a compliance‐gaining message serves as a cue to link compliance with the restoration of positive or neutral affect, the compliance rate …
Modeling the ego-defensive function of attitudes
Studying the psychological needs served by holding certain attitudes is the focus of the functional approach to attitudinal research. One function evidenced consistently in attitudinal studies is the ego-defensive function. Attitudes serving an ego-defensive function protect one's self-concept from counterattitudinal messages about the self. This paper presents an alternative perspective for understanding the ego-defensive function by conceiving …
The (In)validity of Self-Construal Scales Revisited
This paper offers a critical rejoinder in the discussion concerning the viability of self-construal scales. It is our contention that the existing data reported in our previous article (Levine et al., 2003) and elsewhere are more than sufficient to justify the conclusion that self-report scales purporting to measure interdependent and independent self-construals as 2 orthogonal constructs lack validity. The arguments to the contrary offered by Gu…
Self-Construal Scales Lack Validity
Self-construal is thought to mediate and explain the effects of culture on a wide variety of outcome variables. A meta-analysis of published cross-cultural self-construal research is reported in this article, and the results across studies suggests that the evidence for the predicted cultural differences is weak, inconsistent, or nonexistent. The results of 3 priming experiments (N = 121, N = 99, and N = 361) suggest that (a) priming does not acc…
Self-Construal Scales Lack Validity
Self-construal is thought to mediate and explain the effects of culture on a wide variety of outcome variables. A meta-analysis of published cross-cultural self-construal research is reported in this article, and the results across studies suggests that the evidence for the predicted cultural differences is weak, inconsistent, or nonexistent. The results of 3 priming experiments (N = 121, N = 99, and N = 361) suggest that (a) priming does not acc…
The (In)validity of Self-Construal Scales Revisited
This paper offers a critical rejoinder in the discussion concerning the viability of self-construal scales. It is our contention that the existing data reported in our previous article (Levine et al., 2003) and elsewhere are more than sufficient to justify the conclusion that self-report scales purporting to measure interdependent and independent self-construals as 2 orthogonal constructs lack validity. The arguments to the contrary offered by Gu…
Moving Toward a Theory of Normative Influences
In recent years researchers have focused attention on understanding the role of normative factors in influencing behaviors. Although there is some evidence to support the idea that restructuring normative beliefs can result in behavior change, the norms literature is largely silent about how or why this influence occurs. The theory of normative social behavior describes the moderators of the descriptive norm-behavior relationship. Through a 2 (de…
An Explication of Social Norms
This article identifies four factors for consideration in norms-based research to enhance the predictive ability of theoretical models. First, it makes the distinction between perceived and collective norms and between descriptive and injunctive norms. Second, the article addresses the role of important moderators in the relationship between descriptive norms and behaviors, including outcome expectations, group identity, and ego involvement. Thir…
Evidence for the Construct Validity and Reliability of the Co-Cultural Theory Scales
Co-cultural theory provides a theoretical framework that examines the ways that members of co-cultural groups communicate when interacting with members of a dominant culture (Orbe, 1998a Orbe, M. 1998a. Constructing co-cultural theory: An explication of culture, power, and communication, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). The tenants of the theory were inductively derived via phenomenological analyses of focus group and inte…
Assessing Media Influences on Middle School–Aged Children's Perceptions of Women in Science Using the Draw-A-Scientist Test (Dast)
Gender stereotypes in the mass media perpetuate traditional views of women that may influence children's perceptions of women in science, engineering, and technology. This study used a randomized posttest-only control group design to determine the efficacy of media literacy training on middle school–aged children's perceptions of scientists. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: discussion, discussion plus viewing of tel…
Risk Perceptions of People Living with HIV/Aids
Little as known about how people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH/A) assess their vulnerability to non-HIVrelated risk factors, and how this judgement is affected by perceived similarity with others. This study indicates not only that PLWH/A are optimistically biased in their risk pereceptions, but also that they do not use others' HIV status to assess similarity. Perceived similarity with others, however, affects risk judgements: greater the perceived…
Portrayals of Male and Female Scientists in Television Programs Popular Among Middle School-Age Children
This content analysis examined portrayals of scientist characters in 14 television programs popular among or likely to have been viewed by middle school—age children. While male scientists significantly outnumbered and appeared in significantly more scenes than did female scientists, males and females were depicted similarly in reference to professional position, marital status, and parental status. Gender-stereotyped behavior was largely absent …
The Down Low, Social Stigma, and Risky Sexual Behaviors
The "down low" is purported to contribute to social stigma associated with being homosexual and may influence risk behaviors. This article examines communication patterns among stigmatized groups and reports the findings from 32 structured interviews and five focus groups with African-American men who have sex with men. Results indicate negative emotions associated with labels based on sexual practices, the influential role of organized religion …
Fear Appeals and Persuasion
The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Communication Monographs , 59, 1992, 329) is a predominant message design theory in the social science fear appeal literature that provides a framework for effective communication of health‐related information. This paper provides a review and update of the theory and the use of fear appeals in persuasion. First, a brief overview of the EPPM is provided. Then, Littlejohn and Foss ( Theories of Human Comm…
Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Wishful Identification With Scientist Characters on Television
Adolescents’ wishful identification with televised scientist characters was examined as related to interactions among the following variables: gender of participant, gender of scientist character, program genre, and selected character attributes. Findings indicated some gender differences in adolescents’ wishful identification with scientist characters they viewed on television. Boys showed more wishful identification with male scientist than wit…
Shark bytes
Websites designed to promote risky activities provide a novel context for studying the role of emotional appeals and message sensation value (MSV) in risk messages in order to ultimately understand the type of messages that motivate people to engage in risk behaviors. Framed in theories of message design and emotion, this study investigates representations of threat, efficacy, and the extent to which risk messages appeal to a range of positive an…
Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing
Journal Article Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing: a Field Experiment Get access Maria Knight Lapinski, Maria Knight Lapinski 1Department of Communication, Michigan Ag-Bio Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 1Corresponding author: Maria Lapinski; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erin K. Maloney, Erin K. Maloney 2The Annenberg School of Co…
Perceived Risks from Disease and Management Policies
Human dimensions information about wildlife disease risk management is an important component in developing successful policies because policy implementation depends on stakeholder involvement and public support. Understanding how stakeholders perceive risks is fundamental to successful disease management, yet a clear systematic theory-based framework is lacking. We expanded and tested a portion of the zoonotic disease risk information seeking an…
A Diffusion of Innovations Approach to Understand Stakeholder Perceptions of Renewable Energy Initiatives
This study uses diffusion of innovations (DOI) as a framework for formative research to understand different stakeholders’ perceptions of renewable energy initiatives (i.e., wind, solar, and biomass). Focus groups ( N =12) were conducted with several different stakeholders in Michigan: farmers ( n = 17), rural residents ( n = 20), urban residents ( n = 30), citizen activists/environmentalists ( n = 13), and individuals who live in tourist-based e…
A Re-Explication of Social Norms, Ten Years Later
We revisit some ideas from our previous article on social norms by conceptualizing norms as dynamic entities that both affect and are affected by human action; elaborating on the distinction between collective and perceived norms; summarizing key findings from studies that have adopted the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB) and thereby proposing guidelines for further expanding the purview of the TNSB; discussing the attribute-centered ap…
Recommendations for the role of social science research in One Health
Social Norms, Behavioral Payment Programs, and Cooperative Behaviors
Descriptive and injunctive social norms communicated among groups are known to influence behavior, yet little is known about how they evolve over time and how financial incentives influence norms. This article tests hypotheses about the ways in which monetary incentives can disrupt normative impact while facilitating cooperative behavior. The results of a public goods experiment indicate that the presence of a financial incentive for behavior can…
Characterizing Interpersonal Influence for Grassland Conservation Behaviours in a Unique Population
Interpersonal communication can influence the decisions people make about engaging in conservation behaviours. In-depth interviews with Tibetan pastoralists serve as the basis for examining interpersonal communication patterns and sources of interpersonal influence about grassland conservation behaviours. Herding and family groups are key collectives; salient sources of information vary across types of information. Salient individuals are those w…
The effects of social norms on motivation crowding
Literature on motivation crowding of financial incentives points to a potential role of social norms, but this literature has not attempted to quantify that role. We present an interdisciplinary model from economics and communication science that measures the effects of financial incentives on social norms and their joint effects on behavior, including after incentives have ended. In a framed field experiment with Tibetan herders in Qinghai, Chin…
Psychology (37 works) · Social Psychology (32 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Political science (17 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (17 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (12 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Perception (12 works)