Richard Layte
Biographic Data
| ID | 111042 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Layte |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Layte |
| SIGNATURE | LAYTE R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Economic and Social Research Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3170-767X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 55 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 415 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 55 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
The effect of financial strain and parental depression on child behavioral difficulties during the Great Recession in Ireland: A fixed effects analysis
BACKGROUNDResearch has long identified class differences in the development of child behavioral difficulties; however, adjudicating between competing subcultural and resource-based explanations has been problematic because of the difficulty in separating mechanisms from pre-existing risk factors. OBJECTIVEWe use variation in financial strain, experienced by households in Ireland during the Great Recession, to examine whether stable subcultural ch…
Social determinants of clusters of health behaviours: A longitudinal cohort study using latent- class analysis
Our results support the much-established relationship between income poverty and harmful health behaviours related to lifestyle that is evidenced when looking at these behaviours individually and thereby provides further empirical evidence for the theories on 'fundamental causes' of health inequalities and the 'social exclusion framework.' We find an association between oppositional values and substance use behaviours, and furthermore that opposi…
Bringing the group back in: Social class and resistance in adolescent smoking
Absolute prevalence of tobacco smoking has fallen in recent decades but inequalities by socioeconomic position (SEP) persist. Adolescence is a critical period for smoking initiation and habits formed during this period likely continue into adulthood. Explanations for inequalities in adolescent smoking have tended to focus on individualistic theories based on differentials in knowledge and psychology. These have been criticised for their blindness…
The relative roles of early life, physical activity, sedentarism and diet in social and economic inequalities in body mass index and obesity risk between 9 and 18
Given the importance of early life exposures to subsequent differentials in BMI and obesity risk our findings suggest that policy makers should focus resources on primary prevention during the prenatal and early life period if they wish to reduce the prevalence of child and adolescent obesity
Digital engagement and its association with adverse psychiatric symptoms: A longitudinal cohort study utilizing latent class analysis
To assess the impact of digital media usage on psychiatric symptoms in an adolescent population utilizing a longitudinal cohort design. Using two waves of the GUI child cohort, age 13 (N = 7527) and age 17/18 (N = 6126), we used latent class analysis (LCA) to create latent groups centred around self-reported time spent online, and the self-reported behaviours children engaged with online. At both waves, the 4 class latent model suited best. We us…
One hundred thousand welcomes? Economic threat and anti-immigration sentiment in Ireland 1
Public opinion has moved towards a more restrictive approach to immigration since 2008, particularly in countries more strongly affected by economic recession. This is generally assumed to be a consequence of economic threat due to greater competition for scarce material resources, such as employment, leading to anti-immigration sentiment. However, not all individuals are affected equally by job losses, nor by the presence of migrants. Using data…
The role of family, school and neighbourhood in explaining inequalities in physical activity trajectories between age 9 and 18
Differentials in physical activity (PA) between social and economic groups has been shown to contribute significantly to social gradients in health and life expectancy, yet relatively little is known about why differentials in PA emerge. This paper uses longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample of 6,216 young people aged between 9 and 18, from Ireland, to measure the role of family, school and neighbourhood level factors in accounti…
Discrimination in the rental housing market: A field experiment in Ireland
This paper presents the results of a first field experiment on ethnic discrimination in the rental housing market in Ireland. In addition, it is one of the few studies, in the European context, to consider ethnic discrimination against European and non-European migrants. The experimental design involved creating six fictitious applicants with different ethnic and gender names. These applicants applied for vacant rental apartments advertised onlin…
Does Family Economic Strain Reduce Child Educational Achievement? A Longitudinal Assessment Using the Great Recession in Ireland
Although the association between family social position and children's educational achievement has been repeatedly shown, evidence of what explains this association has been more elusive. We put forward two broad theories which have come to dominate the literature: the 'family investments model' (FIM) and the 'family stress model' (FSM). Using longitudinal cohort data from Growing Up in Ireland, a nationally representative cohort study of young p…
Special Report: The Biology of Inequalities in Health: The Lifepath Consortium
Funded by the European Commission Horizon2020 programme, the Lifepath research consortium aimed to understand the impacts of socioeconomic inequalities on the biology of healthy ageing. The main research questions included the impact of inequalities on health, the role of behavioural and other risk factors, the underlying biological mechanisms, the efficacy of selected policies, and the general implications of our findings for theories and polici…
All Welcome Here? Attitudes towards Muslim Migrants in Europe
Islam is becoming an increasingly prevalent religion in Europe due to large inflows of Muslims over the last few decades. Previous social survey research suggests that the European public is critical of immigration from Muslim countries with concerns relating to integration and security. Using the 7th round of the European Social Survey and linking it to other data sources, this paper examines whether threat hypotheses can explain anti‐Muslim sen…
The Fighting Irish? Explaining the Temporal Pattern of Social Protest during Ireland's Fiscal Crisis 2008-2014
The fiscal crisis of 2008 led to severe recession and hardship in Ireland, yet there was relatively little civic unrest and public protest until the autumn of 2014 when, paradoxically, economic conditions had improved significantly. Sociologists often explain such patterns by invoking a social mechanism based on perceived 'relative deprivation' among a population sub-group. We show that these processes cannot explain the temporal pattern of prote…
Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: A multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1·7 million men and women
Employment Status Changes
The three decades that followed the end of World War II are often referred to by social scientists as the “golden age of capitalism” in Europe and North America. This period of relative peace was marked by rising living standards and high levels of employment within societies where the “traditional” family structure still held sway. In this environment, individual employment status changes were fairly few: Men moved into a job or career following…
Sexual Activity and Relationship Quality in Middle and Older Age: Findings From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (Tilda)
Frequent sexual activity was associated with less strain within-intimate relationships. For women, this association was weakened when accounting for the importance attributed to sex. Within-couple mismatch in the importance attributed to sex was associated with relationship strain, independent from frequency of sexual activity, for both men and women at all ages
Socioeconomic differences in children’s growth trajectories from infancy to early adulthood: Evidence from four European countries
BACKGROUND: Height is regarded as a marker of early-life illness, adversity, nutrition and psychosocial stress, but the extent to which differences in height are determined by early-life socioeconomic circumstances, particularly in contemporary populations, is unclear. This study examined socioeconomic differences in children's height trajectories from birth through to 21 years of age in four European countries. METHODS: Data were from six prospe…
The impact of transitions in insurance coverage on GP visiting among children in Ireland
Why Do Working-Class Kids Do Worse in School? An Empirical Test of Two Theories of Educational Disadvantage
There are a large number of studies which show social class differentials in educational test scores and results from an early age. Cultural explanations based on working-class ‘resistance’ to learning activities or class differences in ‘cultural capital’ are often put forward to explain differentials in educational test scores. In this article we first discuss why these processes cannot account for the pattern of class differences, given the emp…
Dietary quality in children and the role of the local food environment
Diet is a modifiable contributor to many chronic diseases including childhood obesity. The local food environment may influence children's diet but this area of research is understudied. This study explores if distance to and the number of supermarkets and convenience stores in the local area around households are associated with dietary quality in nine year olds whilst controlling for household level socio-economic factors. This is a secondary a…
The use of a dietary quality score as a predictor of childhood overweight and obesity
The findings suggest that diet quality may be an important factor in childhood obesity. A simple DQS developed from a short dietary assessment tool is significantly associated with childhood obesity
A study of early complementary feeding determinants in the Republic of Ireland based on a cross-sectional analysis of the Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort
Objective Early complementary feeding has been shown to increase the risk of overweight, obesity and chronic diseases later in life. Poor compliance with current guidelines on complementary feeding has been reported by Irish studies. The aim of the present paper is to identify predictors of early complementary feeding in order to help health professionals target population groups in greater need of dietary intervention as well as to provide effec…
Social Disadvantage and Social Isolation Are Associated With a Higher Resting Heart Rate: Evidence From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
The finding that poorer people have a higher RHR reinforces the need for additional research exploring the pathways through which social inequalities are translated into biological inequalities
The influence of ethnicity on breastfeeding rates in Ireland: A cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Historically, breastfeeding rates in Ireland have been low compared with international averages. It has been suggested that maternal ethnicity and citizenship may influence breastfeeding rates, with ethnic minorities thought more likely to breast feed. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the association among maternal citizenship, ethnicity, birthplace and breast feeding. It is hypothesised that Irish mothers (identified thro…
Who Feels Inferior? A Test of the Status Anxiety Hypothesis of Social Inequalities in Health
The empirical association between income inequality, population health, and other social problems is now well established, and the research literature suggests that the relationship is not artefactual. Debate is still ongoing as to the cause of this association. Wilkinson, Marmot, and colleagues have argued for some time that the relationship stems from the psycho-social effects of status comparisons. Here, income inequality is a marker of a wide…
Exploring the Relative Influence of Family Stressors and Socio-Economic Context on Children’s Happiness and Well-Being
Who Feels Inferior? A Test of the Status Anxiety Hypothesis of Social Inequalities in Health
The empirical association between income inequality, population health, and other social problems is now well established, and the research literature suggests that the relationship is not artefactual. Debate is still ongoing as to the cause of this association. Wilkinson, Marmot, and colleagues have argued for some time that the relationship stems from the psycho-social effects of status comparisons. Here, income inequality is a marker of a wide…
The Association Between Income Inequality and Mental Health: Testing Status Anxiety, Social Capital, and Neo-Materialist Explanations
The ‘income inequality hypothesis’ holds that beyond a certain level of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the association between absolute income, health and mortality weakens, and the distribution of income across a society becomes more important as a determinant of a range of outcomes including average mental and physical health. Recent reviews suggest that the empirical reality of the income inequality hypothesis is now established but …
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: Experiences from a European project
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Vocational Training and Career Employment Precariousness in Great Britain, the Netherlands and Sweden
The skills, qualifications and credentials generated by educational systems are strongly related to labour market attainment. The centrality of the educational system for the structuring of individuals' life chances has generated a long-lived and intense debate around the proper design of educational systems. The purpose of this article is to examine whether vocational training provided within the educational system protects graduates against emp…
Welfare Regimes and Poverty Dynamics: The Duration and Recurrence of Poverty Spells in Europe
This article seeks to evaluate how well the different welfare states of Europe perform in terms of preventing recurrent and persistent income poverty and what household and individual characteristics influence poverty duration. Because we use cross-national data on longitudinal poverty, we are able to increase our understanding of the effect of the institutional context within which poverty occurs. We show that country welfare regimes strongly in…
Multiple deprivation and persistent poverty in the European Union
The literature on social exclusion has focused attention on the processes leading to exposure to multiple disadvantage. Despite the influence this perspective has had on both academic and policy discussions, conceptual analysis has remained imprecise and empirical evidence modest. We have made use of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) in order to examine the extent to which persistent income poverty results in multiple deprivation. Our…
Moving in and out of poverty
Although many of the debates around social exclusion and cumulative disadvantage relate to processes that occur across time, there has been relatively little research into poverty dynamics except in a few notable countries such as Britain, the USA and Germany. This neglect is almost entirely because of the absence of comparative longitudinal data on income for other countries, but it is regrettable given the central importance of this area. By st…
Cumulative Disadvantage Or Individualisation: A Comparative Analysis Of Poverty Risk And Incidence
In this paper we seek to clarify and examine empirically two related perspectives on poverty processes that have emerged in recent years - those of cumulative disadvantage and of individualisation . The cumulative disadvantage perspective defines the key cleavage as between a comfortable majority and a multiply disadvantaged minority excluded from the mainstream. The individualisation perspective on the other hand views poverty as a relatively tr…
Explaining Levels of Deprivation in the European Union
In this paper we seek to explain variations in levels of deprivation between EU countries. The starting-point of our analysis is the finding that the relationship between income and life-style deprivation varies across countries. Given our understanding of the manner in which the income-deprivation mismatch may arise from the limitations of current income as a measure of command over resources, the pattern of variation seems to be consistent with…
Gendered Equity? Comparing Explanations of Women's Satisfaction with the Domestic Division of Labour
Although research in both Britain and the US shows that, in general, wives do by far the largest proportion of domestic work, even where they are employed full time (Berk, 1985; Coverman 1983; Geerken and Gove 1983; Gershuny et al. 1986; Pleck 1985; Robinson 1980; Warde and Hetherington 1993), research also suggests that only a minority see this situation as unfair (Barnett and Baruch 1987; Benin and Agostinelli 1988; DeMaris and Longmore 1996; H…
All Welcome Here? Attitudes towards Muslim Migrants in Europe
Islam is becoming an increasingly prevalent religion in Europe due to large inflows of Muslims over the last few decades. Previous social survey research suggests that the European public is critical of immigration from Muslim countries with concerns relating to integration and security. Using the 7th round of the European Social Survey and linking it to other data sources, this paper examines whether threat hypotheses can explain anti‐Muslim sen…
The Impact of Unemployment Benefit System on the Mental Well-Being of the Unemployed in Sweden, Ireland and Great Britain
Although the availability of social support and psychological attachment to work have been shown to influence mental well-being in unemployment, the main determinant suggested in research is economic strain. Yet, though the level of state support in unemployment is the most crucial determinant of economic strain, there has been little research on the impact of welfare benefit regime on mental well-being among the unemployed. In this paper we comp…
Why Do Working-Class Kids Do Worse in School? An Empirical Test of Two Theories of Educational Disadvantage
There are a large number of studies which show social class differentials in educational test scores and results from an early age. Cultural explanations based on working-class ‘resistance’ to learning activities or class differences in ‘cultural capital’ are often put forward to explain differentials in educational test scores. In this article we first discuss why these processes cannot account for the pattern of class differences, given the emp…
Explaining Social Class Inequalities in Smoking: The Role of Education, Self-Efficacy, and Deprivation
Rates of smoking have decreased dramatically in most Northern European countries over the last 50 years or so, but manual working class groups are substantially more likely to smoke daily than are the professional and managerial classes. This article examines three hypotheses about the processes producing these inequalities. The first argues that social class inequalities reflect differences across education groups in knowledge of the risks of sm…
Discrimination in the rental housing market: A field experiment in Ireland
This paper presents the results of a first field experiment on ethnic discrimination in the rental housing market in Ireland. In addition, it is one of the few studies, in the European context, to consider ethnic discrimination against European and non-European migrants. The experimental design involved creating six fictitious applicants with different ethnic and gender names. These applicants applied for vacant rental apartments advertised onlin…
Do consultation charges deter general practitioner use among older people? A natural experiment
Targeting Poverty: Lessons from Monitoring Ireland's National Anti-Poverty Strategy
In 1997 the Irish government adopted the National Anti-Poverty Strategy (NAPS), a global target for the reduction of poverty which illuminates a range of issues relating to official poverty targets. The Irish target is framed in terms of a relative poverty measure incorporating both relative income and direct measures of deprivation based on data on the extent of poverty from 1994. Since 1994 Ireland has experienced an unprecedented period of eco…
Exploring the Relative Influence of Family Stressors and Socio-Economic Context on Children’s Happiness and Well-Being
Economic boom and social mobility: The Irish experience
Persistent Income Poverty and Deprivation in the European Union: An Analysis of the First Three Waves of the European Community Household Panel
Poverty research has increasingly focused on persistent income poverty, both as a crucial social indicator and as a target for policy intervention. Such an approach can lead to an identification of a sub-set of poor individuals facing particularly adverse circumstances and/or distinctive problems in escaping from poverty. Here we seek to establish whether, in comparison with cross-sectional measures, persistent poverty measures also provide a bet…
Evidence for the sensitivity of the SF-36 health status measure to inequalities in health: Results from the Oxford healthy lifestyles survey
OBJECTIVES: The short form 36 (SF-36) health questionnaire may not be appropriate for population surveys assessing health gain because of the low responsiveness (sensitivity to change) of domains on the measure. An hypothesised health gain of respondents in social class V to that of those in social class I indicated only marginal improvement in self reported health. Subgroup analysis, however, showed that the SF-36 would indicate dramatic changes…
Socioeconomic differences in children’s growth trajectories from infancy to early adulthood: Evidence from four European countries
BACKGROUND: Height is regarded as a marker of early-life illness, adversity, nutrition and psychosocial stress, but the extent to which differences in height are determined by early-life socioeconomic circumstances, particularly in contemporary populations, is unclear. This study examined socioeconomic differences in children's height trajectories from birth through to 21 years of age in four European countries. METHODS: Data were from six prospe…
Emotional health problems are the most important cause of disability in adults of working age: A study in the four counties of the old Oxford region
OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of emotional health problems to the burden of disability affecting people of working age. DESIGN: Analysis of data collected in a postal questionnaire survey of a random sample of people aged 18-64 years. SETTING: The four counties of the old Oxford region in 1991. SUBJECTS: 9332 people who responded to a questionnaire survey mailed to 14,000 people randomly selected from the Family Health Service Authority r…
Older people - recipients but also providers of informal care: An analysis among community samples in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
Data on both the provision and receipt of informal care among populations of older adults are limited. Patterns of both informal care provided and received by older adults in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Northern Ireland (NI) were evaluated. A cross-sectional community-based population survey was conducted. Randomly selected older people (aged 65+, n = 2033, mean age (standard deviation): 74.1 years (6.8), 43% men, 68% response rate) provide…
Sexual Activity and Relationship Quality in Middle and Older Age: Findings From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (Tilda)
Frequent sexual activity was associated with less strain within-intimate relationships. For women, this association was weakened when accounting for the importance attributed to sex. Within-couple mismatch in the importance attributed to sex was associated with relationship strain, independent from frequency of sexual activity, for both men and women at all ages
Evidence for the sensitivity of the SF-36 health status measure to inequalities in health: Results from the Oxford healthy lifestyles survey
OBJECTIVES: The short form 36 (SF-36) health questionnaire may not be appropriate for population surveys assessing health gain because of the low responsiveness (sensitivity to change) of domains on the measure. An hypothesised health gain of respondents in social class V to that of those in social class I indicated only marginal improvement in self reported health. Subgroup analysis, however, showed that the SF-36 would indicate dramatic changes…
A shorter form health survey: Can the SF-12 replicate results from the SF-36 in longitudinal studies
BACKGROUND: The SF-36 is a generic health status measure which has gained popularity as a measure of outcome in a wide variety of patient groups and social surveys. However, there is a need for even shorter measures, which reduce respondent burden. The developers of the SF-36 have consequently suggested that a 12-item sub-set of the items may accurately reproduce the two summary component scores which can be derived from the SF-36 [the Physical C…
Emotional health problems are the most important cause of disability in adults of working age: A study in the four counties of the old Oxford region
OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of emotional health problems to the burden of disability affecting people of working age. DESIGN: Analysis of data collected in a postal questionnaire survey of a random sample of people aged 18-64 years. SETTING: The four counties of the old Oxford region in 1991. SUBJECTS: 9332 people who responded to a questionnaire survey mailed to 14,000 people randomly selected from the Family Health Service Authority r…
Development and Testing of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Summary Scale Scores in the United Kingdom: Results from a Large-Scale Survey and a Clinical Trial
Jenkinson, Crispin DPhil; Layte, Richard DPhil; Lawrence, Kate MFPHM Author Information
Evaluation of Index and Profile Measures of Health Status in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Comparison of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, EuroQol, and Disease Specific Mea…
OBJECTIVES: The authors compare two generic measures of health status with disease-specific measures in a randomized controlled trial of transurethral resection of the prostate with laser vaporization prostatectomy for benign prostatic hypertrophy. METHODS: Patients entered into the trial completed the following questionnaires prior to treatment and at follow-up at 3 months and 1 year. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (…
Divided Time: Gender, Paid Employment and Domestic Labour
The theoretical context - in search of a usable framework measuring the household division of labour a preliminary model of partners' time contributions to household labour establishing the pattern of attitudes toward men's and women's work roles the relationship between attitudes toward gender roles and domestic work practices partners' satisfaction with and conflict over the domestic division of labour
Gendered Equity? Comparing Explanations of Women's Satisfaction with the Domestic Division of Labour
Although research in both Britain and the US shows that, in general, wives do by far the largest proportion of domestic work, even where they are employed full time (Berk, 1985; Coverman 1983; Geerken and Gove 1983; Gershuny et al. 1986; Pleck 1985; Robinson 1980; Warde and Hetherington 1993), research also suggests that only a minority see this situation as unfair (Barnett and Baruch 1987; Benin and Agostinelli 1988; DeMaris and Longmore 1996; H…
Poverty Dynamics: An analysis of the 1994 and 1995 waves of the European Community Household Panel Survey
Recent poverty research based on analyses of panel data have highlighted the importance of income dynamics. In this paper we study mobility into and out of relative income poverty from one year to the next using data for twelve countries from the European Community Household Panel Survey (ECHP). The ECHP has unique potential as a harmonized data set to serve as the basis for comparisons of income and poverty dynamics across EU countries, and here…
Targeting Poverty: Lessons from Monitoring Ireland's National Anti-Poverty Strategy
In 1997 the Irish government adopted the National Anti-Poverty Strategy (NAPS), a global target for the reduction of poverty which illuminates a range of issues relating to official poverty targets. The Irish target is framed in terms of a relative poverty measure incorporating both relative income and direct measures of deprivation based on data on the extent of poverty from 1994. Since 1994 Ireland has experienced an unprecedented period of eco…
Explaining Levels of Deprivation in the European Union
In this paper we seek to explain variations in levels of deprivation between EU countries. The starting-point of our analysis is the finding that the relationship between income and life-style deprivation varies across countries. Given our understanding of the manner in which the income-deprivation mismatch may arise from the limitations of current income as a measure of command over resources, the pattern of variation seems to be consistent with…
Cumulative Disadvantage Or Individualisation: A Comparative Analysis Of Poverty Risk And Incidence
In this paper we seek to clarify and examine empirically two related perspectives on poverty processes that have emerged in recent years - those of cumulative disadvantage and of individualisation . The cumulative disadvantage perspective defines the key cleavage as between a comfortable majority and a multiply disadvantaged minority excluded from the mainstream. The individualisation perspective on the other hand views poverty as a relatively tr…
Multiple deprivation and persistent poverty in the European Union
The literature on social exclusion has focused attention on the processes leading to exposure to multiple disadvantage. Despite the influence this perspective has had on both academic and policy discussions, conceptual analysis has remained imprecise and empirical evidence modest. We have made use of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) in order to examine the extent to which persistent income poverty results in multiple deprivation. Our…
Moving in and out of poverty
Although many of the debates around social exclusion and cumulative disadvantage relate to processes that occur across time, there has been relatively little research into poverty dynamics except in a few notable countries such as Britain, the USA and Germany. This neglect is almost entirely because of the absence of comparative longitudinal data on income for other countries, but it is regrettable given the central importance of this area. By st…
Persistent Income Poverty and Deprivation in the European Union: An Analysis of the First Three Waves of the European Community Household Panel
Poverty research has increasingly focused on persistent income poverty, both as a crucial social indicator and as a target for policy intervention. Such an approach can lead to an identification of a sub-set of poor individuals facing particularly adverse circumstances and/or distinctive problems in escaping from poverty. Here we seek to establish whether, in comparison with cross-sectional measures, persistent poverty measures also provide a bet…
Vocational Training and Career Employment Precariousness in Great Britain, the Netherlands and Sweden
The skills, qualifications and credentials generated by educational systems are strongly related to labour market attainment. The centrality of the educational system for the structuring of individuals' life chances has generated a long-lived and intense debate around the proper design of educational systems. The purpose of this article is to examine whether vocational training provided within the educational system protects graduates against emp…
Class Transformation and Trends in Social Fluidity in the Republic of Ireland 1973–94
The Irish case provides a particularly appropriate test of the consequences for social mobility of economic growth and, in particular, of the hypothesis of increasing merit selection. This is so not only because the lateness and speed of economic change allows us to capture it through a set of national surveys conducted in the past three decades but because such change was based on a sustained policy of increased openness to international competi…
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: Experiences from a European project
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Welfare Regimes and Poverty Dynamics: The Duration and Recurrence of Poverty Spells in Europe
This article seeks to evaluate how well the different welfare states of Europe perform in terms of preventing recurrent and persistent income poverty and what household and individual characteristics influence poverty duration. Because we use cross-national data on longitudinal poverty, we are able to increase our understanding of the effect of the institutional context within which poverty occurs. We show that country welfare regimes strongly in…
The Impact of Unemployment Benefit System on the Mental Well-Being of the Unemployed in Sweden, Ireland and Great Britain
Although the availability of social support and psychological attachment to work have been shown to influence mental well-being in unemployment, the main determinant suggested in research is economic strain. Yet, though the level of state support in unemployment is the most crucial determinant of economic strain, there has been little research on the impact of welfare benefit regime on mental well-being among the unemployed. In this paper we comp…
Economic boom and social mobility: The Irish experience
Older people - recipients but also providers of informal care: An analysis among community samples in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
Data on both the provision and receipt of informal care among populations of older adults are limited. Patterns of both informal care provided and received by older adults in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Northern Ireland (NI) were evaluated. A cross-sectional community-based population survey was conducted. Randomly selected older people (aged 65+, n = 2033, mean age (standard deviation): 74.1 years (6.8), 43% men, 68% response rate) provide…
Do consultation charges deter general practitioner use among older people? A natural experiment
Explaining Social Class Inequalities in Smoking: The Role of Education, Self-Efficacy, and Deprivation
Rates of smoking have decreased dramatically in most Northern European countries over the last 50 years or so, but manual working class groups are substantially more likely to smoke daily than are the professional and managerial classes. This article examines three hypotheses about the processes producing these inequalities. The first argues that social class inequalities reflect differences across education groups in knowledge of the risks of sm…
Chronic illness and emotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties in Irish children
Objective Childhood chronic illness can have a high impact on the child's quality of life. The foundations of health are established in early life, and are shaped by biological, psychosocial, spiritual and environmental processes and influences. The objectives of this presentation are twofold: firstly to describe the prevalence of chronic illness in 9-year-olds in Ireland, secondly to illustrate how chronic illness influences the psychological an…
P40 Local food environments and dietary quality
Introduction Dietary quality is an important predictor of health outcome and plays a prominent role in premature death from a number of chronic health conditions including cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Socio-economic gradients in food consumption are observed worldwide. Inadequate nutritional intake and poor dietary habits are also associated with food poverty, a well documented global public health problem, which is a complex and mult…
Economics (27 works) · Medicine (27 works) · Demography (23 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Political science (21 works) · Demographic economics (20 works) · Psychology (19 works) · Population (18 works) · Demography (16 works) · Economic growth (16 works)