Robert D Laird
Biographic Data
| ID | 111751 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert D Laird |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert D |
| FAMILY NAME | Laird |
| SIGNATURE | LAIRD R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of New Orleans |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8336-2263 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 381 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Predicting risky driving maneuvers and driving in risky conditions by adolescents
This study tested a set of adolescent attributes, social experiences, and beliefs as predictors of risky driving maneuvers and driving in risky conditions. Newly licensed adolescents ( n = 138, M age = 17.07 years, 55 % female) reported on driving risk factors, driving exposure, parents' restrictions, risky driving maneuvers, and driving in risky conditions. Controlling for age, driving exposure and parents' restrictions, more risky driving maneu…
Adolescents' perceptions of privacy violations by parents, siblings, and friends
Adolescence is a life stage beset by a growing desire for privacy. This study evaluated adolescents' experiences across four types of potentially privacy-invasive behaviors (PPIVBs) and within four different types of relationships. 158 adolescents (M age = 16.9 years, SD = 1.0; 53.5% female) reported on the frequency of the PPIVBs, perceived control over the behaviors, secret/private information threatened by the behaviors, and feelings of privac…
Leveraging Data Science to Advance Implementation Science
Data science (DS) is the formalized discipline of managing the full lifecycle of data across areas of scientific inquiry. Although the field of DS has existed for almost 50 years, the evolution of the tools, frameworks, and processing power needed to provide meaningful advancements have only recently come to fruition. DS has been integrated into multiple industries and disciplines to optimize outcomes, increase efficiency, and maximize human and …
Analytical challenges of testing hypotheses of agreement and discrepancy
Researchers are often inclined to test agreement or discrepancy hypotheses using difference scores. This commentary explains 2 mathematical-statistical principles underlying associations with difference scores and 2 conceptual-interpretation problems that make difference scores inappropriate for testing such hypotheses. The commentary provides examples of valid and invalid interpretations of difference score associations in reference to equivalen…
Psychological reactance and negative emotional reactions in the link between psychological control and adolescent adjustment
Researchers consistently report links between psychological control and adolescent behavior problems, but the processes linking psychological control with behavior problems are unclear. Adolescents’ negative emotional reactions and psychological reactance were tested as potential longitudinal mediators linking parental psychological control with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Data were collected from a sample of 242 adole…
Associations of bullying, victimization, and daytime sleepiness with academic problems in adolescents attending an alternative high school
Adolescents attending alternative high schools often present with high rates of academic and behavior problems. They are also at increased risk of poor health behaviors and engaging in physical violence compared with students in traditional high school settings. To address the needs of students in these educational settings, examining factors that influence academic problems in this population is essential. Research has established that both bull…
Between‐ and within‐person predictors of children’s information management following rule violations
The purpose of this study was to better understand both why some children disclose more about their misbehavior to their parents than do other children, as well as why a child discloses to parents about misbehavior in some situations but not in others. Analyses test parental warmth, children's beliefs regarding the legitimacy of parental authority and their own obligation to disclose misbehavior, and parent's responses to children's disclosure of…
Discrepancies in Adolescents’ and Mothers’ Perceptions of the Family and Mothers’ Psychological Symptomatology
Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia
This book will be of interest to Indonesianists, legal scholars and anthropologists alike. It provides a compelling historical account of changing configurations of legal pluralism and legal practi
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Autonomy-Relevant Parenting
Compliance with Parents’ Rules
Testing Informant Discrepancies as Predictors of Early Adolescent Psychopathology
Parent and Peer Restrictions of Opportunities Attenuate the Link between Low Self‐control and Antisocial Behavior
Focusing on parents and peers as restrictors of opportunities, this study tested whether restricted opportunities attenuate the link between low self‐control and antisocial behavior as hypothesized by the G eneral T heory of C rime. Early adolescents (N = 180, M age = 12.04 years, 49.4 percent female, 49 percent E uropean A merican, 45 percent A frican A merican) reported their levels of self‐control, antisocial peer involvement, unsupervised tim…
Information management strategies in early adolescence
Adolescents use various strategies to manage their parents' access to information. This study tested developmental change in strategy use, longitudinal associations between disclosing and concealing strategies, and longitudinal associations linking disclosing and concealing strategies with antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms. Self-report data (n = 218; 49% female; 49% European American, 47% African American) following Grades 5 (M age = 11…
Correlates and Antecedents of Parental Psychological Control in Early Adolescence
SYNOPSIS Objective. This study tests family contextual experiences and mother and child attributes as correlates and antecedents of mothers' psychologically controlling behavior with their early adolescents. Design. During in-home interviews, 218 early adolescents and their mothers reported their perceptions of the mothers' psychological control. Mothers and adolescents also reported relevant personal attributes. Results. Correlations show the ex…
Individual differences in early adolescents' beliefs in the legitimacy of parental authority
Adolescents differ in the extent to which they believe that parents have legitimate authority to impose rules restricting adolescents' behavior. The purpose of the current study was to test predictors of individual differences in legitimacy beliefs during the middle school years. Annually, during the summers following Grades 5, 6, and 7, early adolescents (n = 218; 51% female, 47% African American, 73% in 2-parent homes) reported their beliefs re…
Mothers’ Knowledge of Early Adolescents’ Activities Following the Middle School Transition and Pubertal Maturation
This study tested a sequential mediation model to determine whether experiences, social cognitions, or parent-adolescent interactional processes account for lower levels of mothers’ knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts and activities following early adolescents’ transition into middle school (MS) and pubertal development. Cross-sectional data were collected from 106 mother-adolescent dyads during the summer before the adolescent entered MS ( M a…
Revisiting Parental Monitoring
Developmental Trajectories and Antecedents of Distal Parental Supervision
Groups of adolescents were identified on the basis of developmental trajectories of their families' rules and their parents' knowledge of their activities. Characteristics of the adolescent, peer antisociality, and family context were tested as antecedents. In sum, 404 parent-adolescent dyads provided data for adolescents aged 10-16. Most adolescents were classified into groups characterized by low levels and reductions in family rules over time.…
Parents' Monitoring-Relevant Knowledge and Adolescents' Delinquent Behavior
Links between parental knowledge and adolescent delinquent behavior were tested for correlated rates of developmental change and reciprocal associations. For 4 years beginning at age 14, adolescents (N= 396) reported on their delinquent behavior and on their parents' knowledge of their whereabouts and activities. Parents completed measures of their adolescents' delinquent behavior. Knowledge was negatively correlated with delinquent behaviors at …
Change in Parents’ Monitoring Knowledge
A longitudinal prospective design was used to examine antisocial behavior, two aspects of the parent-child relationship, inept parenting, and adolescents' beliefs in the appropriateness of monitoring as predictors of parents' monitoring and change in monitoring during the high school years. 426 adolescents provided reports of their parents' monitoring knowledge during four yearly assessments beginning the summer before entering grade 9. Greater c…
Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency
This study used data from 6 sites and 3 countries to examine the developmental course of physical aggression in childhood and to analyze its linkage to violent and nonviolent offending outcomes in adolescence. The results indicate that among boys there is continuity in problem behavior from childhood to adolescence and that such continuity is especially acute when early problem behavior takes the form of physical aggression. Chronic physical aggr…
Contextual determinants of mothers' interventions in young children's peer interactions
In this study, the role of context in mothers' interventions in their preschool children's peer relationship problems was investigated. Event theme (aggression, peer rebuff, or initiating play), the child's role in the event (actor or target), the child's age and sex, and the mother's emotional reaction were examined as predictors of the extent to which mothers (N = 71) said they would discuss peer relationships, encourage peer interaction, and u…
Antecedents and Behavior-Problem Outcomes of Parental Monitoring and Psychological Control in Early Adolescence
The early childhood antecedents and behavior-problem correlates of monitoring and psychological control were examined in this prospective, longitudinal, multi-informant study. Parenting data were collected during home visit interviews with 440 mothers and their 13-year-old children. Behavior problems (anxiety/depression and delinquent behavior) were assessed via mother, teacher, and/or adolescent reports at ages 8 through 10 years and again at ag…
Knowledge Structures, Social Information Processing, and Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Although a multitude of factors may be involved in the development of children's violent behavior, the actual aggressive act is preceded by a decision-making process that serves as the proximal control mechanism. The primary goal of this longitudinal study was to understand the nature of this proximal control mechanism involved in children's aggressive acts by focusing on two aspects of social cognitions: social information processing and stored …
Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency
This study used data from 6 sites and 3 countries to examine the developmental course of physical aggression in childhood and to analyze its linkage to violent and nonviolent offending outcomes in adolescence. The results indicate that among boys there is continuity in problem behavior from childhood to adolescence and that such continuity is especially acute when early problem behavior takes the form of physical aggression. Chronic physical aggr…
Change in Parents’ Monitoring Knowledge
A longitudinal prospective design was used to examine antisocial behavior, two aspects of the parent-child relationship, inept parenting, and adolescents' beliefs in the appropriateness of monitoring as predictors of parents' monitoring and change in monitoring during the high school years. 426 adolescents provided reports of their parents' monitoring knowledge during four yearly assessments beginning the summer before entering grade 9. Greater c…
Information management strategies in early adolescence
Adolescents use various strategies to manage their parents' access to information. This study tested developmental change in strategy use, longitudinal associations between disclosing and concealing strategies, and longitudinal associations linking disclosing and concealing strategies with antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms. Self-report data (n = 218; 49% female; 49% European American, 47% African American) following Grades 5 (M age = 11…
Best Friendships, Group Relationships, and Antisocial Behavior in Early Adolescence
Correlations between adolescents' own antisocial behavior and adolescents' perceptions of the antisocial behavior of their best friends and friendship groups were examined in this study. The strength of those correlations was expected to vary as a function of the qualities of the dyadic friendships and group relationships. Perceptions of peers' antisocial behavior and dyadic friendship and group relationship qualities were collected through inter…
Individual differences in early adolescents' beliefs in the legitimacy of parental authority
Adolescents differ in the extent to which they believe that parents have legitimate authority to impose rules restricting adolescents' behavior. The purpose of the current study was to test predictors of individual differences in legitimacy beliefs during the middle school years. Annually, during the summers following Grades 5, 6, and 7, early adolescents (n = 218; 51% female, 47% African American, 73% in 2-parent homes) reported their beliefs re…
Revisiting Parental Monitoring
Knowledge Structures, Social Information Processing, and Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Although a multitude of factors may be involved in the development of children's violent behavior, the actual aggressive act is preceded by a decision-making process that serves as the proximal control mechanism. The primary goal of this longitudinal study was to understand the nature of this proximal control mechanism involved in children's aggressive acts by focusing on two aspects of social cognitions: social information processing and stored …
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Autonomy-Relevant Parenting
If It's Offered, Will They Come? Influences on Parents' Participation in a Community‐Based Conduct Problems Prevention Program
This study examined influences on the rate and quality of parent participation in the Fast Track Program, a multi‐system, longitudinal preventive intervention for children who are at risk for conduct problems. A theoretical model of the relations among family coordinator characteristics, parent characteristics, the therapeutic engagement between family coordinator and parent, and rate and quality of parent participation was the basis for this stu…
Internal representational models of peers
The authors investigated the relation between children's knowledge structures for peers and externalizing behavior problems. Initial levels of aggression were evaluated in 135 boys and 124 girls (Grades 1-3; 40% African American, 60% Caucasian) in Year 1 and again in Years 6 and 9. In Year 6, 3 aspects of their social knowledge structures were assessed: quality, density, and appropriateness. Results indicate that knowledge structures are related …
Discrepancies in Adolescents’ and Mothers’ Perceptions of the Family and Mothers’ Psychological Symptomatology
Developmental Trajectories and Antecedents of Distal Parental Supervision
Groups of adolescents were identified on the basis of developmental trajectories of their families' rules and their parents' knowledge of their activities. Characteristics of the adolescent, peer antisociality, and family context were tested as antecedents. In sum, 404 parent-adolescent dyads provided data for adolescents aged 10-16. Most adolescents were classified into groups characterized by low levels and reductions in family rules over time.…
Contextual determinants of mothers' interventions in young children's peer interactions
In this study, the role of context in mothers' interventions in their preschool children's peer relationship problems was investigated. Event theme (aggression, peer rebuff, or initiating play), the child's role in the event (actor or target), the child's age and sex, and the mother's emotional reaction were examined as predictors of the extent to which mothers (N = 71) said they would discuss peer relationships, encourage peer interaction, and u…
Mothers’ Knowledge of Early Adolescents’ Activities Following the Middle School Transition and Pubertal Maturation
This study tested a sequential mediation model to determine whether experiences, social cognitions, or parent-adolescent interactional processes account for lower levels of mothers’ knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts and activities following early adolescents’ transition into middle school (MS) and pubertal development. Cross-sectional data were collected from 106 mother-adolescent dyads during the summer before the adolescent entered MS ( M a…
Parent and Peer Restrictions of Opportunities Attenuate the Link between Low Self‐control and Antisocial Behavior
Focusing on parents and peers as restrictors of opportunities, this study tested whether restricted opportunities attenuate the link between low self‐control and antisocial behavior as hypothesized by the G eneral T heory of C rime. Early adolescents (N = 180, M age = 12.04 years, 49.4 percent female, 49 percent E uropean A merican, 45 percent A frican A merican) reported their levels of self‐control, antisocial peer involvement, unsupervised tim…
Correlates and Antecedents of Parental Psychological Control in Early Adolescence
SYNOPSIS Objective. This study tests family contextual experiences and mother and child attributes as correlates and antecedents of mothers' psychologically controlling behavior with their early adolescents. Design. During in-home interviews, 218 early adolescents and their mothers reported their perceptions of the mothers' psychological control. Mothers and adolescents also reported relevant personal attributes. Results. Correlations show the ex…
Compliance with Parents’ Rules
The distinction between beliefs legitimizing aggression and deviant processing of social cues
In 2 studies the authors examined knowledge and social information-processing mechanisms as 2 distinct sources of influence on child aggression. Data were collected from 387 boys and girls of diverse ethnicity in 3 successive years. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the discriminant validity of the knowledge construct of aggression beliefs and the processing constructs of hostile intent attributions, accessing of aggressive re…
Adolescents' perceptions of privacy violations by parents, siblings, and friends
Adolescence is a life stage beset by a growing desire for privacy. This study evaluated adolescents' experiences across four types of potentially privacy-invasive behaviors (PPIVBs) and within four different types of relationships. 158 adolescents (M age = 16.9 years, SD = 1.0; 53.5% female) reported on the frequency of the PPIVBs, perceived control over the behaviors, secret/private information threatened by the behaviors, and feelings of privac…
Psychological reactance and negative emotional reactions in the link between psychological control and adolescent adjustment
Researchers consistently report links between psychological control and adolescent behavior problems, but the processes linking psychological control with behavior problems are unclear. Adolescents’ negative emotional reactions and psychological reactance were tested as potential longitudinal mediators linking parental psychological control with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Data were collected from a sample of 242 adole…
Knowledge Structures, Social Information Processing, and Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Although a multitude of factors may be involved in the development of children's violent behavior, the actual aggressive act is preceded by a decision-making process that serves as the proximal control mechanism. The primary goal of this longitudinal study was to understand the nature of this proximal control mechanism involved in children's aggressive acts by focusing on two aspects of social cognitions: social information processing and stored …
Best Friendships, Group Relationships, and Antisocial Behavior in Early Adolescence
Correlations between adolescents' own antisocial behavior and adolescents' perceptions of the antisocial behavior of their best friends and friendship groups were examined in this study. The strength of those correlations was expected to vary as a function of the qualities of the dyadic friendships and group relationships. Perceptions of peers' antisocial behavior and dyadic friendship and group relationship qualities were collected through inter…
If It's Offered, Will They Come? Influences on Parents' Participation in a Community‐Based Conduct Problems Prevention Program
This study examined influences on the rate and quality of parent participation in the Fast Track Program, a multi‐system, longitudinal preventive intervention for children who are at risk for conduct problems. A theoretical model of the relations among family coordinator characteristics, parent characteristics, the therapeutic engagement between family coordinator and parent, and rate and quality of parent participation was the basis for this stu…
The distinction between beliefs legitimizing aggression and deviant processing of social cues
In 2 studies the authors examined knowledge and social information-processing mechanisms as 2 distinct sources of influence on child aggression. Data were collected from 387 boys and girls of diverse ethnicity in 3 successive years. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the discriminant validity of the knowledge construct of aggression beliefs and the processing constructs of hostile intent attributions, accessing of aggressive re…
Internal representational models of peers
The authors investigated the relation between children's knowledge structures for peers and externalizing behavior problems. Initial levels of aggression were evaluated in 135 boys and 124 girls (Grades 1-3; 40% African American, 60% Caucasian) in Year 1 and again in Years 6 and 9. In Year 6, 3 aspects of their social knowledge structures were assessed: quality, density, and appropriateness. Results indicate that knowledge structures are related …
Antecedents and Behavior-Problem Outcomes of Parental Monitoring and Psychological Control in Early Adolescence
The early childhood antecedents and behavior-problem correlates of monitoring and psychological control were examined in this prospective, longitudinal, multi-informant study. Parenting data were collected during home visit interviews with 440 mothers and their 13-year-old children. Behavior problems (anxiety/depression and delinquent behavior) were assessed via mother, teacher, and/or adolescent reports at ages 8 through 10 years and again at ag…
Contextual determinants of mothers' interventions in young children's peer interactions
In this study, the role of context in mothers' interventions in their preschool children's peer relationship problems was investigated. Event theme (aggression, peer rebuff, or initiating play), the child's role in the event (actor or target), the child's age and sex, and the mother's emotional reaction were examined as predictors of the extent to which mothers (N = 71) said they would discuss peer relationships, encourage peer interaction, and u…
Parents' Monitoring-Relevant Knowledge and Adolescents' Delinquent Behavior
Links between parental knowledge and adolescent delinquent behavior were tested for correlated rates of developmental change and reciprocal associations. For 4 years beginning at age 14, adolescents (N= 396) reported on their delinquent behavior and on their parents' knowledge of their whereabouts and activities. Parents completed measures of their adolescents' delinquent behavior. Knowledge was negatively correlated with delinquent behaviors at …
Change in Parents’ Monitoring Knowledge
A longitudinal prospective design was used to examine antisocial behavior, two aspects of the parent-child relationship, inept parenting, and adolescents' beliefs in the appropriateness of monitoring as predictors of parents' monitoring and change in monitoring during the high school years. 426 adolescents provided reports of their parents' monitoring knowledge during four yearly assessments beginning the summer before entering grade 9. Greater c…
Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency
This study used data from 6 sites and 3 countries to examine the developmental course of physical aggression in childhood and to analyze its linkage to violent and nonviolent offending outcomes in adolescence. The results indicate that among boys there is continuity in problem behavior from childhood to adolescence and that such continuity is especially acute when early problem behavior takes the form of physical aggression. Chronic physical aggr…
Developmental Trajectories and Antecedents of Distal Parental Supervision
Groups of adolescents were identified on the basis of developmental trajectories of their families' rules and their parents' knowledge of their activities. Characteristics of the adolescent, peer antisociality, and family context were tested as antecedents. In sum, 404 parent-adolescent dyads provided data for adolescents aged 10-16. Most adolescents were classified into groups characterized by low levels and reductions in family rules over time.…
Mothers’ Knowledge of Early Adolescents’ Activities Following the Middle School Transition and Pubertal Maturation
This study tested a sequential mediation model to determine whether experiences, social cognitions, or parent-adolescent interactional processes account for lower levels of mothers’ knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts and activities following early adolescents’ transition into middle school (MS) and pubertal development. Cross-sectional data were collected from 106 mother-adolescent dyads during the summer before the adolescent entered MS ( M a…
Revisiting Parental Monitoring
Correlates and Antecedents of Parental Psychological Control in Early Adolescence
SYNOPSIS Objective. This study tests family contextual experiences and mother and child attributes as correlates and antecedents of mothers' psychologically controlling behavior with their early adolescents. Design. During in-home interviews, 218 early adolescents and their mothers reported their perceptions of the mothers' psychological control. Mothers and adolescents also reported relevant personal attributes. Results. Correlations show the ex…
Individual differences in early adolescents' beliefs in the legitimacy of parental authority
Adolescents differ in the extent to which they believe that parents have legitimate authority to impose rules restricting adolescents' behavior. The purpose of the current study was to test predictors of individual differences in legitimacy beliefs during the middle school years. Annually, during the summers following Grades 5, 6, and 7, early adolescents (n = 218; 51% female, 47% African American, 73% in 2-parent homes) reported their beliefs re…
Testing Informant Discrepancies as Predictors of Early Adolescent Psychopathology
Parent and Peer Restrictions of Opportunities Attenuate the Link between Low Self‐control and Antisocial Behavior
Focusing on parents and peers as restrictors of opportunities, this study tested whether restricted opportunities attenuate the link between low self‐control and antisocial behavior as hypothesized by the G eneral T heory of C rime. Early adolescents (N = 180, M age = 12.04 years, 49.4 percent female, 49 percent E uropean A merican, 45 percent A frican A merican) reported their levels of self‐control, antisocial peer involvement, unsupervised tim…
Information management strategies in early adolescence
Adolescents use various strategies to manage their parents' access to information. This study tested developmental change in strategy use, longitudinal associations between disclosing and concealing strategies, and longitudinal associations linking disclosing and concealing strategies with antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms. Self-report data (n = 218; 49% female; 49% European American, 47% African American) following Grades 5 (M age = 11…
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Autonomy-Relevant Parenting
Compliance with Parents’ Rules
Discrepancies in Adolescents’ and Mothers’ Perceptions of the Family and Mothers’ Psychological Symptomatology
Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia
This book will be of interest to Indonesianists, legal scholars and anthropologists alike. It provides a compelling historical account of changing configurations of legal pluralism and legal practi
Between‐ and within‐person predictors of children’s information management following rule violations
The purpose of this study was to better understand both why some children disclose more about their misbehavior to their parents than do other children, as well as why a child discloses to parents about misbehavior in some situations but not in others. Analyses test parental warmth, children's beliefs regarding the legitimacy of parental authority and their own obligation to disclose misbehavior, and parent's responses to children's disclosure of…
Psychological reactance and negative emotional reactions in the link between psychological control and adolescent adjustment
Researchers consistently report links between psychological control and adolescent behavior problems, but the processes linking psychological control with behavior problems are unclear. Adolescents’ negative emotional reactions and psychological reactance were tested as potential longitudinal mediators linking parental psychological control with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Data were collected from a sample of 242 adole…
Associations of bullying, victimization, and daytime sleepiness with academic problems in adolescents attending an alternative high school
Adolescents attending alternative high schools often present with high rates of academic and behavior problems. They are also at increased risk of poor health behaviors and engaging in physical violence compared with students in traditional high school settings. To address the needs of students in these educational settings, examining factors that influence academic problems in this population is essential. Research has established that both bull…
Psychology (28 works) · Developmental psychology (26 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (23 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (9 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (7 works) · Child Abuse and Trauma (6 works)