Arturo Giraldez
Biographic Data
| ID | 1118241 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Arturo Giraldez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Arturo |
| FAMILY NAME | Giraldez |
| SIGNATURE | GIRALDEZ A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of the Pacific |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 23 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
China and the Manila Galleons
Beginning in the 1570s, silver initiated significant and continuous trade at the global level. Conservative official estimates indicate that Latin America alone produced about 150,000 tons of silver between 1500 and 1800 (Barrett, 1990, 237), perhaps exceeding 80 per cent of the entire world’s production over that time span (Cross, 1983, 397). And virtually all of it engaged in intercontinental trade. Explanation for the spectacular dominance of …
Articulating the Pacific Economy
Among Hans Ulrich Vogel’s important contributions to Chinese and world history has been his work on the outsized influence China exercised in the early history of globalization. In this brief article, we pay tribute to his careful research and deep insights by describing the interconnected circuits of exchange of three commodities – mercury, silver, and sea otter pelts – through which the early Pacific economy was articulated and transformed. Fol…
China and the Birth of Globalization in the 16th Century
Including 11 essays published over the last 15 years, this volume by Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giráldez concerns the origins and early development of globalization. It opens with their 1995 "Silver Spoon" essay and a theoretical essay published in 2002. Subsequent sections deal with Pacific Ocean exchanges, interconnections between the Spanish, Ottoman, Japanese and Chinese empires, and the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches to global his…
Soft Gold” Before the Gold Rush
Objective/Context: In this article, we examine how Chinese demand for pelts—of sea otters and other marine mammals—fueled the eighteenth-century competitive expansion of European and later American merchants and explorers in the Pacific islands and along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea otter pelts were a commodity directly linked to the creation of a Pacific Ocean economy, and California’s colonization resulted from imperial dynamics to w…
Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’
Metals and Monies in an Emerging Global Economy
Contents: Introduction: monetary substances in global perspective Source areas: Silver production in central Europe, 1450a 1618, John U. Nef Una forma de oposiciA^3n: el contrabando, ZacarA-as Moutoukias The production and uses of gold and in 16th- and 17th-century Japan, A. Kobata Exports of Japana (TM)s to China via Korea and changes in the Tokugawa monetary system during the 17th and 18th centuries, Tashiro Kazui The Dutch East India Company's…
“The Last Link of an Emergent Global Economy
The Pacific Ocean’s 63.8 million square miles represent 46% of the Earth’s water cover and one third of its total surface, making it larger than all of the globe’s landmasses together. The difficulties of a sailing ship crossing such a body of water explain why continents on either side did not communicate until the foundation of Manila on the Philippine Islands in 1571
World Trade Systems of the East and West. Nagasaki and the Asian Bullion Trade Networks
Business people in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries wrote about the crucial role of monetary metals – copper, gold and silver – in world markets and Adam Smith singled out the crucial impo
Studies in Pacific History
European Entry into the Pacific
Guillermo Pérez Sarrión. The Emergence of a National Market in Spain, 1650–1800
The establishment of a national market has been a major theme in economic history because it was thought to be a required condition for an industrial revolution. This social feature was considered a nineteenth-century economic process constituted by the emergence of regions that later became coordinated in a single unit of commercial exchanges. More recently, analysis of Castile’s wheat prices has shown that the volatility of markets declined mar…
Chapter Nine
In 1636 and 1637 the Spanish merchants in the Philippines decided to interrupt the trade with Acapulco in Mexico as a protest against the enforcement of trade regulations by a royal inspector. This interruption meant that the Chinese merchants in the islands were out of business during these years, and when trade was finally restored the silver brought by the incoming galleon was not enough to cover the debts incurred by the Spaniards. The Chines…
Silk for Silver
Lever of empire
La economía global y El Quijote
La vida y obra de Miguel de Cervantes coincide con el primer ciclo de la globalización. El principal motor de la economía mundial fue el comercio de la plata entre los mercados americanos y Asia. La nueva economía mundial se desarrolló al mismo tiempo que la «revolución militan) en Eurasia. Los imperios otomano, persa, mongol y ruso y otras entidades políticas usaron los nuevos «hardware» y «software» militares para expandir sus fronteras y mante…
Cycles of Silver
Conversion of China's monetary and fiscal systems to a silver standard led to a doubling in the value of silver in China vis- -vis the rest of the world by the early sixteenth century. Heightened profit opportunities induced an unprecedented surge in silver production in Spanish America and in Japan. Destined ultimately for China, tens of thousands of tons of silver passed through Europe via long-distance maritime and overland trade routes. Fifty…
European Entry into the Pacific
Contents: Introduction The galleons in a larger context: Geographical exploration by the Spaniards, Donald D. Brand The relations of the Chinese to the Philippine Islands, Berthold Laufer Initiating the galleon trade: The Mediterranean connection, William Henry Scott Crusade or commerce? Spanish-Moro relations in the 16th century, William Henry Scott Spain and Spanish trade in Southeast Asia, M. N. Pearson The Japanese trade and residence in the …
China and the Spanish Empire
En este artículo argumentamos que Ming China desempeñó un papel fundamental en el auge y decadencia del Imperio español. La demanda china de plata permitió elevados beneficios hasta 1640. El descenso de estos beneficios llevó a la reducción de la producción y la Monarquía se enfrentó a una grave crisis financiera. La consecuencia fue una presión fiscal creciente con objeto de compensar la pérdida de los ingresos externos procedentes de América
Arbitrage, China, and World Trade in the Early Modern Period
L'auteur aborde l'histoire du commerce de l'argent depuis le debut de la Periode Moderne, qui contribua a la naissance du commerce mondial, entre l'Asie (Chine et Japon surtout) et l'Amerique du sud espagnole et portugaise. La decouverte de mines tres riche au Japon et en Amerique espagnole, et l'apparition de nouvelles technologies d'extraction sont a l'origine de ce phenomene. L'auteur porte une attention particuliere a la Chine, qui fut le plu…
China and the Manila Galleons
Metals and Monies in an Emerging Global Economy
Contents: Introduction: monetary substances in global perspective Source areas: Silver production in central Europe, 1450a 1618, John U. Nef Una forma de oposiciA^3n: el contrabando, ZacarA-as Moutoukias The production and uses of gold and in 16th- and 17th-century Japan, A. Kobata Exports of Japana (TM)s to China via Korea and changes in the Tokugawa monetary system during the 17th and 18th centuries, Tashiro Kazui The Dutch East India Company's…
Arbitrage, China, and World Trade in the Early Modern Period
L'auteur aborde l'histoire du commerce de l'argent depuis le debut de la Periode Moderne, qui contribua a la naissance du commerce mondial, entre l'Asie (Chine et Japon surtout) et l'Amerique du sud espagnole et portugaise. La decouverte de mines tres riche au Japon et en Amerique espagnole, et l'apparition de nouvelles technologies d'extraction sont a l'origine de ce phenomene. L'auteur porte une attention particuliere a la Chine, qui fut le plu…
China and the Birth of Globalization in the 16th Century
Including 11 essays published over the last 15 years, this volume by Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giráldez concerns the origins and early development of globalization. It opens with their 1995 "Silver Spoon" essay and a theoretical essay published in 2002. Subsequent sections deal with Pacific Ocean exchanges, interconnections between the Spanish, Ottoman, Japanese and Chinese empires, and the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches to global his…
World Trade Systems of the East and West. Nagasaki and the Asian Bullion Trade Networks
Business people in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries wrote about the crucial role of monetary metals – copper, gold and silver – in world markets and Adam Smith singled out the crucial impo
China and the Spanish Empire
En este artículo argumentamos que Ming China desempeñó un papel fundamental en el auge y decadencia del Imperio español. La demanda china de plata permitió elevados beneficios hasta 1640. El descenso de estos beneficios llevó a la reducción de la producción y la Monarquía se enfrentó a una grave crisis financiera. La consecuencia fue una presión fiscal creciente con objeto de compensar la pérdida de los ingresos externos procedentes de América
Silk for Silver
La economía global y El Quijote
La vida y obra de Miguel de Cervantes coincide con el primer ciclo de la globalización. El principal motor de la economía mundial fue el comercio de la plata entre los mercados americanos y Asia. La nueva economía mundial se desarrolló al mismo tiempo que la «revolución militan) en Eurasia. Los imperios otomano, persa, mongol y ruso y otras entidades políticas usaron los nuevos «hardware» y «software» militares para expandir sus fronteras y mante…
China and the Manila Galleons
Arbitrage, China, and World Trade in the Early Modern Period
L'auteur aborde l'histoire du commerce de l'argent depuis le debut de la Periode Moderne, qui contribua a la naissance du commerce mondial, entre l'Asie (Chine et Japon surtout) et l'Amerique du sud espagnole et portugaise. La decouverte de mines tres riche au Japon et en Amerique espagnole, et l'apparition de nouvelles technologies d'extraction sont a l'origine de ce phenomene. L'auteur porte une attention particuliere a la Chine, qui fut le plu…
China and the Spanish Empire
En este artículo argumentamos que Ming China desempeñó un papel fundamental en el auge y decadencia del Imperio español. La demanda china de plata permitió elevados beneficios hasta 1640. El descenso de estos beneficios llevó a la reducción de la producción y la Monarquía se enfrentó a una grave crisis financiera. La consecuencia fue una presión fiscal creciente con objeto de compensar la pérdida de los ingresos externos procedentes de América
European Entry into the Pacific
Contents: Introduction The galleons in a larger context: Geographical exploration by the Spaniards, Donald D. Brand The relations of the Chinese to the Philippine Islands, Berthold Laufer Initiating the galleon trade: The Mediterranean connection, William Henry Scott Crusade or commerce? Spanish-Moro relations in the 16th century, William Henry Scott Spain and Spanish trade in Southeast Asia, M. N. Pearson The Japanese trade and residence in the …
Cycles of Silver
Conversion of China's monetary and fiscal systems to a silver standard led to a doubling in the value of silver in China vis- -vis the rest of the world by the early sixteenth century. Heightened profit opportunities induced an unprecedented surge in silver production in Spanish America and in Japan. Destined ultimately for China, tens of thousands of tons of silver passed through Europe via long-distance maritime and overland trade routes. Fifty…
La economía global y El Quijote
La vida y obra de Miguel de Cervantes coincide con el primer ciclo de la globalización. El principal motor de la economía mundial fue el comercio de la plata entre los mercados americanos y Asia. La nueva economía mundial se desarrolló al mismo tiempo que la «revolución militan) en Eurasia. Los imperios otomano, persa, mongol y ruso y otras entidades políticas usaron los nuevos «hardware» y «software» militares para expandir sus fronteras y mante…
Lever of empire
Silk for Silver
Chapter Nine
In 1636 and 1637 the Spanish merchants in the Philippines decided to interrupt the trade with Acapulco in Mexico as a protest against the enforcement of trade regulations by a royal inspector. This interruption meant that the Chinese merchants in the islands were out of business during these years, and when trade was finally restored the silver brought by the incoming galleon was not enough to cover the debts incurred by the Spaniards. The Chines…
European Entry into the Pacific
Guillermo Pérez Sarrión. The Emergence of a National Market in Spain, 1650–1800
The establishment of a national market has been a major theme in economic history because it was thought to be a required condition for an industrial revolution. This social feature was considered a nineteenth-century economic process constituted by the emergence of regions that later became coordinated in a single unit of commercial exchanges. More recently, analysis of Castile’s wheat prices has shown that the volatility of markets declined mar…
Studies in Pacific History
World Trade Systems of the East and West. Nagasaki and the Asian Bullion Trade Networks
Business people in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries wrote about the crucial role of monetary metals – copper, gold and silver – in world markets and Adam Smith singled out the crucial impo
“The Last Link of an Emergent Global Economy
The Pacific Ocean’s 63.8 million square miles represent 46% of the Earth’s water cover and one third of its total surface, making it larger than all of the globe’s landmasses together. The difficulties of a sailing ship crossing such a body of water explain why continents on either side did not communicate until the foundation of Manila on the Philippine Islands in 1571
Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’
Metals and Monies in an Emerging Global Economy
Contents: Introduction: monetary substances in global perspective Source areas: Silver production in central Europe, 1450a 1618, John U. Nef Una forma de oposiciA^3n: el contrabando, ZacarA-as Moutoukias The production and uses of gold and in 16th- and 17th-century Japan, A. Kobata Exports of Japana (TM)s to China via Korea and changes in the Tokugawa monetary system during the 17th and 18th centuries, Tashiro Kazui The Dutch East India Company's…
Soft Gold” Before the Gold Rush
Objective/Context: In this article, we examine how Chinese demand for pelts—of sea otters and other marine mammals—fueled the eighteenth-century competitive expansion of European and later American merchants and explorers in the Pacific islands and along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea otter pelts were a commodity directly linked to the creation of a Pacific Ocean economy, and California’s colonization resulted from imperial dynamics to w…
China and the Manila Galleons
Beginning in the 1570s, silver initiated significant and continuous trade at the global level. Conservative official estimates indicate that Latin America alone produced about 150,000 tons of silver between 1500 and 1800 (Barrett, 1990, 237), perhaps exceeding 80 per cent of the entire world’s production over that time span (Cross, 1983, 397). And virtually all of it engaged in intercontinental trade. Explanation for the spectacular dominance of …
Articulating the Pacific Economy
Among Hans Ulrich Vogel’s important contributions to Chinese and world history has been his work on the outsized influence China exercised in the early history of globalization. In this brief article, we pay tribute to his careful research and deep insights by describing the interconnected circuits of exchange of three commodities – mercury, silver, and sea otter pelts – through which the early Pacific economy was articulated and transformed. Fol…
China and the Birth of Globalization in the 16th Century
Including 11 essays published over the last 15 years, this volume by Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giráldez concerns the origins and early development of globalization. It opens with their 1995 "Silver Spoon" essay and a theoretical essay published in 2002. Subsequent sections deal with Pacific Ocean exchanges, interconnections between the Spanish, Ottoman, Japanese and Chinese empires, and the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches to global his…
History (13 works) · China (10 works) · Archaeology (9 works) · Geography (9 works) · Economic history (8 works) · Economics (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (7 works) · Ancient history (6 works) · Economy (6 works)