Grażyna Liczbińska
Biographic Data
| ID | 111841 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Grażyna Liczbińska |
| GIVEN NAMES | Grażyna |
| FAMILY NAME | Liczbińska |
| SIGNATURE | LICZBIŃSKA G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0922-4612 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 41 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The role of parental age, family dynamics, and historical adversity in craniofacial variation of pre-World War II cadets
ObjectiveThis study examined how parental age, family context, and historical stressors relate to variation in craniofacial and body dimensions among male cadets from pre-World War II Lviv. Materialand Methods The sample included 365 male cadets measured in Lviv in 1938. Using Spearman correlations, Mann- Whitney U tests, and Generalized Additive Models with covariate adjustment, we tested whether parental age differences, socioeconomic factors, …
Reproductive Timing and Family Structure as Determinants of Early-Life Mortality in Historical Poland
This study examines how variations in parental age, birth spacing, sibling number and sex composition, and local socioeconomic and environmental conditions influenced early-life mortality in 19th-century urban Poland. Using reconstructed family histories from the Poznań Historical Population Database, we applied generalized additive models (GAMs) with binomial logistic regression to estimate risks of infant (under age 1) and child (aged 1–5) mort…
"Searching for a Needle in a Haystack". The Intricacies of Sources on Causes of Death, Their Interpretation, and the Construction of a Database for the City of Poznań, 1830–1900
The administrative regulations introduced by the partitioning powers were enforced in the Polish lands under Prussian, Russian, and Austrian rule. These regulations included the methods of vital statistics registration, the language in which entries were recorded, and the types of data collected. Differences in registration pose significant challenges for contemporary researchers attempting to unify these records. Additionally, questions arise re…
Environmental stressors across time
This special issue of The History of the Family investigates how environmental and social stressors shape human biology, behaviour, and demographic outcomes across historical populations. Stress, understood as the body’s nonspecific response to challenges that disrupt internal equilibrium, emerges from events such as wars, epidemics, famines, natural disasters, and socioeconomic crises. When experienced during critical developmental windows, part…
Czy śmierć ojca wpływała na moment ślubu jego potomstwa? Badania pilotażowe XIX-wiecznego Poznania
Stresy środowiskowe, takie jak wojny, klęski żywiołowe, epidemie, wstrząsy gospodarcze i polityczne, pogarszają funkcjonowanie rodziny. Ponadto życie w środowisku rodzinnym dotkniętym na przykład śmiercią rodzica (głównie ojca) zwiększa poziom stresu wśród potomstwa. Zgodnie z teorią akceleracji psychospołecznej stresujące środowisko często przyspiesza przejście od okresu dojrzewania do etapu życia reprodukcyjnego. Z drugiej strony śmierć ojca mo…
The Effects of War‐Related Stress on Human Development
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the lasting effects of stress experienced by pregnant women during World War II (WWII) on body and head measurements of their adult daughters. METHODS: The research sample consists of 336 female university students born in Poland between 1925 and 1951. The data include body measurements and socioeconomic information (parental occupation and number of siblings) acquired from questionnaires collected between t…
Cholera in the City of Poznań
The objective of this paper is to study whether and to what extent the 1866 cholera epidemic reflected social and economic differences. Individuallevel information on the deceased in Poznań in 1866 was collected from parish death registers. The different exposure levels, sickness and death rates in the different city districts of Poznań are discussed at length. What becomes evident from the quantitative results: the poorest social groups were the…
Love in the time of cholera. Cholera epidemics and changes in the marriage market in nineteenth-century Poznań
Uncommon sex ratio at birth during the Second World War
This study analyses the evolution of sex ratios at birth in the Polish city of Poznań during World War II. The analysis is based on a sample of over 13,500 unique observations from 1935 to 1944, sourced from the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the Medical University of Poznań. Logit regressions were applied to explore the relationship between the probability of a baby being male and various explanatory variables: years before and during WWII…
Daughters over sons
Marital Choices in the 19th-Century Poznań
The study of partner preferences in historical populations is constrained by the limited information available in historical sources. These limitations make it difficult to assess the role of characteristics such as physical attractiveness or psychological traits in spouse selection. Instead, this study examines patterns of marriage partner choice among 19th‐century residents of Poznań, Poland, with particular attention to observable factors incl…
Entrepreneurs, Speculators, or Silent Heroes? Body Size of Food Smugglers
Variation in the height and weight of food smugglers during World War II is examined in relation to socioeconomic and environmental factors acting both during the war and earlier in life—during fetal development, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Height might have reflected long-term effects of conditions during critical periods of development. During the war, access to food through the illegal market shaped the weight status of food smugglers…
Did Premodern Wars Impact Sex Ratios at Birth? The Case of 19th-Century Basque Country
This study examines the impact of pre-moder wars on sex ratios at birth. Specifically, it investigates whether wars involving premodern weaponry and more limited destruction increased stress for pregnant women such that the resulting hormonal changes in their bodies may have led to a decrease in the ratio of live-born boys to girls. To address this question, we analyzed all baptismal records from the Basque Country during the 19th century, encomp…
Did cholera kill selectively by sex ? Sex differences in mortality caused by 1866 cholera epidemic in Poznań
Cet article examine si l’épidémie de choléra a tué de façon sélective par genre les populations au xix e siècle. Nous avons utilisé l’épidémie de choléra à Poznan en 1866 comme une expérimentation naturelle et spontanée, qui a durée du 18 juin au 22 octobre 1866 et qui été la plus longue épidémie de cette maladie au xix e siècle dans cette ville. Il y a eu considérablement plus de victimes de cholera parmi les femmes que les hommes ce qui a été c…
Did cholera kill selectively by sex? Differences in mortality according to sex in Poznán’s 1866 cholera epidemic
Cet article examine si l’épidémie de choléra a tué de façon sélective par genre les populations au xix e siècle. Nous avons utilisé l’épidémie de choléra à Poznan en 1866 comme une expérimentation naturelle et spontanée, qui a durée du 18 juin au 22 octobre 1866 et qui été la plus longue épidémie de cette maladie au xix e siècle dans cette ville. Il y a eu considérablement plus de victimes de cholera parmi les femmes que les hommes ce qui a été c…
Regional variation in body size and estimated secular change among adult Indian males born in the 1890s–1950s
Regional variation in the body size of Indian men 18-84 years of age (birth years 1891-1957) was considered. Heights, weights, and BMIs of Indian males from four regions of the country - North, East-Northeast, Central, and West were compared. Heights of men 35+ years of age were adjusted for estimated height loss with age; the estimate was added to observed height to provide an estimate of maximum height. Linear regressions of measured height and…
The Operation of Natural Selection through Differential Mortality
W pracy skupiono się na epidemiach chorób zakaźnych, które przetoczyły się przez region Detva, położony w Górnych Węgrzech (współcześnie obszar centralnej Słowacji) w latach 1831–1920. Cel pracy jest dwojaki: po pierwsze – zbadanie, w jakim stopniu zgony spowodowane epidemiami chorób zakaźnych wpłynęły na wartość oczekiwanego dalszego trwania życia, frakcję zmarłych i dożywających oraz prawdopodobieństwo zgonu w populacji Detvy, a po drugie – zmi…
Age at menarche, environmental stress, and social inequality
OBJECTIVE: To address the relationship between socioeconomic factors and age of menarche among Polish women born and reared in periods that varied considerably in environmental stresses: the Great Depression of the 1930s, the interval of World War II, and the interval of communist rule following World War II through the 1950s. METHODS: The data set included information on age at menarche and socioeconomic status (SES) of 718 women born during the…
Body size and weight status of adult Indian males born in the 1890s–1950s
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate secular change in body size and weight status of adult Indian males born in 1891-1957 and surveyed in the 1970s. METHODS: Data are from Anthropological Surveys. Only men were included in the surveys due to high female illiteracy and lack of female researchers. Indian society was also strongly conservative at the time, especially in rural areas, and the measurement of women by men was not permitted. Heights and weights of 4…
Did the grandmother’s exposure to environmental stress during pregnancy affect the birth body size of her grandchildren? The Polish evidence
This study aimed to examine whether the exposure of grandmothers (G1s) pregnant with their daughters (G2s) to the harsh conditions of the First World War and the Great Depression influenced the perinatal outcomes of their grandchildren (G3s). We use the data on full-term live births in 1951–1953. The following cohorts are selected: grandmothers (G1s), mothers (G2s), and grandchildren (G3s: males and females). Birth body size (weight, length, and …
Przykład wykorzystania parametrów tablic trwania życia
Tablice trwania życia (wymieralności) to konstrukcje teoretyczne budowane w oparciu o rozkłady wieku zmarłych dla modelu populacji zastojowej i ustabilizowanej bądź metodą prawdopodobieństw zgonów z uwzględnieniem struktury wiekowej ludności żyjącej. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano możliwości wykorzystania parametrów tablic wymieralności, skonstruowanych na podstawie rozkładu liczby zmarłych w klasach wieku i wartości przyrostu naturalnego, do …
Within‐family intergenerational trends in age at menarche relative to political changes in Czechoslovakia after World War II
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine a secular trend in age at menarche (AAM) in the former Czechoslovak (and descendant Slovak and Czech) population in relation to its large-scale political and social events taking place after World War II. METHODS: The study included 211 women aged 18-30 (born during 1984-1998), and their relatives: mothers, sisters, and grandmothers, yielding a total of 421 women. Changes in retrospectively recalled…
The strong impact of maternal marital status on birth body size before and during the Second World War in Poznań district, Poland
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to examine whether maternal socio-economic status, represented by marital status and the place of residence, affected birth body size (BBS) of babies in the pre-war period and during the WWII. METHODS: The dataset consisted of 8934 unique individual information items on mothers and deliveries collected for two birth cohorts: born before (1934, 1935, 1936, and 1937) and during the WWII (1941, 1942, 1943 and 1944). BBS (w…
Did the Sex Ratio at Birth Reflect Social and Economic Inequalities? The Pilot Study from the Poznań Province, 1875–1913
The goal of this study was to examine whether and to what extent sex ratio values at birth may have reflected social and economic inequalities in the Province of Poznań (German: Provinz Posen) in the last decades of the 1800s and early 1900s. It was assumed that maternal economic, social and emotional well-being differed according to the size of the place of residence (Poznań / town / village) and her marital status (married / unmarried). In the …
Body size at birth in babies born during World War II
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to determine whether exposure of pregnant women to stresses caused by World War II (WWII) negatively affected pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: Individual medical documents deposited in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Medical University, Poznań (1934-1943; N = 7058) were evaluated. These were divided into two birth cohorts: before WWII and during it. Frequency tables were constructed fo…
Demographic trends and biological status of historic populations from Central Poland
The microregion of Ostrów Lednicki in the province of Wielkopolska was the center of the formation of the Polish State in Early Middle Ages. The analysis of skeletal remains and parish records from the region documented the biological status of inhabitants and its changes over a millennium. The study material comprised 424 human skeletons from an Early Medieval burial ground on Lake Lednica, records of 2,704 deaths from the registers of the Roman…
Mortality in the populations of Danzig and the District of Danzig ("Regierungsbezirk Danzig") in the second half of the nineteenth century
The study concerning the populations of: the city of Danzig, Kartuzy County and the whole District of Danzig (Regierungsbezirk Danzig) has been based on demographic data from German yearbooks published in the second half of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century. The research has covered the period between 1855 and 1879 for the city of Danzig and between 1860 and 1869 for the District of Danzig. For selected years so…
Urban and rural differences in mortality and causes of death in historical Poland
The purpose of this paper is to document and interpret urban‐rural differences in mortality in the past. To this end, we used data on mortality in Wielkopolska, Poland, in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The data on mortality in rural areas (N = 1,173,910 deceased), small towns (N = 573,903 deceased), and Poznań, the capital of the Wielkopolska region (N = 86,352 deceased), were gathered from original Prussian statistic…
Did the grandmother’s exposure to environmental stress during pregnancy affect the birth body size of her grandchildren? The Polish evidence
This study aimed to examine whether the exposure of grandmothers (G1s) pregnant with their daughters (G2s) to the harsh conditions of the First World War and the Great Depression influenced the perinatal outcomes of their grandchildren (G3s). We use the data on full-term live births in 1951–1953. The following cohorts are selected: grandmothers (G1s), mothers (G2s), and grandchildren (G3s: males and females). Birth body size (weight, length, and …
Ecological Conditions vs. Religious Denomination. Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth-Century Poznań
Biological and social reasons of child mortality in the Danzig District in the second part of the 19th century
The purpose of this work is to characterise the child mortality in urban and rural areas of the Danzig (Gdańsk) District and in the city of Danzig, in the second half of the 19th century. The study material encompassed the demographic data on mortality coming from the 19th century Prussian statistical yearbooks. The basic mortality measures such as infant death rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates and child death rates were computed for s…
Daughters over sons
Warriors Die Young
Scythians were nomadic groups, playing a dominant role on the Eurasian steppes in the Early Iron Age according to many archaeological and historical sources. In this paper, we aim at assessing demographic features and dynamics of a Scythian population from the Black Sea region. We hypothesise that they differed from other societies not only in terms of culture, but also demography: their fertility was lower, and life expectancy higher than in oth…
Uncommon sex ratio at birth during the Second World War
This study analyses the evolution of sex ratios at birth in the Polish city of Poznań during World War II. The analysis is based on a sample of over 13,500 unique observations from 1935 to 1944, sourced from the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the Medical University of Poznań. Logit regressions were applied to explore the relationship between the probability of a baby being male and various explanatory variables: years before and during WWII…
Regional variation in body size and estimated secular change among adult Indian males born in the 1890s–1950s
Regional variation in the body size of Indian men 18-84 years of age (birth years 1891-1957) was considered. Heights, weights, and BMIs of Indian males from four regions of the country - North, East-Northeast, Central, and West were compared. Heights of men 35+ years of age were adjusted for estimated height loss with age; the estimate was added to observed height to provide an estimate of maximum height. Linear regressions of measured height and…
Fertility and family structure in the Lutheran population of the parish of Trzebosz in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
The aim of this study is to analyze the model of fertility based on reconstructed individual histories of families in the Lutheran Parish of Trzebosz in the borderland between Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In total, 656 pieces of information on deliveries by 132 women were reconstructed. Fertility was assessed on the basis of the length of protogenetic and i…
Marriage patterns among Lutherans from the parish of Trzebosz in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
The aim of this study is to characterize marriage patterns in a rural parish of Trzebosz in the borderland between Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia in the years 1855–1913. A total of 343 data on marriages were gathered from the parish registers. The percentage of Lutheran–Catholic marriages was calculated. The distribution of age at marriage by martial status was assessed. The intensity of endogamy and exogamy was calculated as well as t…
Dermatogliphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians
The study consisted in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of epidermal ridges on fingers of the Kashubians from the Hel Peninsula and those from Pomerania. On the basis of the obtained data similarities and differences between the Kashubians and other Poles with regard to these traits were assessed
Mortality in the populations of Danzig and the District of Danzig ("Regierungsbezirk Danzig") in the second half of the nineteenth century
The study concerning the populations of: the city of Danzig, Kartuzy County and the whole District of Danzig (Regierungsbezirk Danzig) has been based on demographic data from German yearbooks published in the second half of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century. The research has covered the period between 1855 and 1879 for the city of Danzig and between 1860 and 1869 for the District of Danzig. For selected years so…
Dermatogliphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians
The study consisted in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of epidermal ridges on fingers of the Kashubians from the Hel Peninsula and those from Pomerania. On the basis of the obtained data similarities and differences between the Kashubians and other Poles with regard to these traits were assessed
Biological and social reasons of child mortality in the Danzig District in the second part of the 19th century
The purpose of this work is to characterise the child mortality in urban and rural areas of the Danzig (Gdańsk) District and in the city of Danzig, in the second half of the 19th century. The study material encompassed the demographic data on mortality coming from the 19th century Prussian statistical yearbooks. The basic mortality measures such as infant death rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates and child death rates were computed for s…
Demographic trends and biological status of historic populations from Central Poland
The microregion of Ostrów Lednicki in the province of Wielkopolska was the center of the formation of the Polish State in Early Middle Ages. The analysis of skeletal remains and parish records from the region documented the biological status of inhabitants and its changes over a millennium. The study material comprised 424 human skeletons from an Early Medieval burial ground on Lake Lednica, records of 2,704 deaths from the registers of the Roman…
Urban and rural differences in mortality and causes of death in historical Poland
The purpose of this paper is to document and interpret urban‐rural differences in mortality in the past. To this end, we used data on mortality in Wielkopolska, Poland, in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The data on mortality in rural areas (N = 1,173,910 deceased), small towns (N = 573,903 deceased), and Poznań, the capital of the Wielkopolska region (N = 86,352 deceased), were gathered from original Prussian statistic…
Infant and Child Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth Century Poznań
The purpose of this study was to show the differences in the mortality rates of children from Catholic and Lutheran families in 19th century Poznań, and to elucidate the causes of these differences. Data from Catholic and Lutheran parish death registers were used. The infant death rate (IDR), neonatal and postneonatal death rates and life table biometric functions were calculated and causes of deaths were characterized. The worst child mortality …
Diseases, health status, and mortality in urban and rural environments
The aim of the study is to show in the mortality measures calculated for Catholics and Lutherans from 19th-century Greater Poland: 1) stratification dependent on the size of place of residence, 2) stratification dependent on religious denomination in population centres of various size. The data on mortality are drawn from Catholic and Lutheran parish death registers: from Poznań (the poor Catholic St. Margaret's Parish, the wealthy St. Mary Magda…
Ecological Conditions vs. Religious Denomination. Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth-Century Poznań
Fertility and family structure in the Lutheran population of the parish of Trzebosz in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
The aim of this study is to analyze the model of fertility based on reconstructed individual histories of families in the Lutheran Parish of Trzebosz in the borderland between Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In total, 656 pieces of information on deliveries by 132 women were reconstructed. Fertility was assessed on the basis of the length of protogenetic and i…
Marriage patterns among Lutherans from the parish of Trzebosz in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
The aim of this study is to characterize marriage patterns in a rural parish of Trzebosz in the borderland between Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Silesia in the years 1855–1913. A total of 343 data on marriages were gathered from the parish registers. The percentage of Lutheran–Catholic marriages was calculated. The distribution of age at marriage by martial status was assessed. The intensity of endogamy and exogamy was calculated as well as t…
Opportunity for the Operation of Natural Selection in a Contemporary Local Population (The Case of Slovincians, Poland)
In research practice, it is possible to observe natural selection at work by analysing fertility and mortality. Crow’s index takes into account both of these vital statistics components and allows a quantitative estimation of the operation of natural selection on the basis of demographic birth and death figures. In this study, we use the classical Crow’s index to determine whether the disintegration of the Slovincian population in the second half…
Fertility Patterns and Reproductive Behaviours in the Lutheran and Catholic Populations from Historical Poland
Many variables of biological, ecological and cultural nature affect the biological dynamics of human populations. A religious denomination was an element of the cultural system which had an impact on the attitude towards birth control and sexuality. The aim of this paper is to show how religion shaped the fertility figures in the Catholic and Lutheran populations of historical Poland. Two methods were used to characterize fertility. One uses reco…
Height as an Indicator of Economic Status in the Polish Territories Under Russian Rule at the Turn of the 19th to 20th Century
Height is regarded as one of the indicators of environmental stress at population level, being an excellent barometer of standard of living. The aim of this study was to describe diversity in height among populations living in different regions of the Kingdom of Poland in terms of the economic factors in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. This study examines the height of adult inhabitants from five guberniyas (provinces) of the …
Reproductive behaviour in the Lutheran urban family from historical Poland (the Parish of St. Peter from Poznań, the second half of the nineteenth century)
Fertility and reproductive behaviour in the nineteenth-century Lutheran family from the city of Poznań was characterized. Use was made of the St. Peter parish (Peterkirche) registers from 1840s to 1870s, upon which reconstructions of the individual histories of 463 families were based. Fertility was assessed on the basis of the length of between-birth intervals according to their order and age of women. Next, the age-specific fertility rates of w…
Body mass index values of conscripts in the Polish lands under Prussian rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Body Mass Index Values in the Gentry and Peasantry in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Poland
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of social and occupational status on the BMI of the gentry and peasantry in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of 19th and early 20th centuries. Use was made of data on the height and weight of 304 men, including 200 peasants and 104 gentlemen, and 275 women, including 200 from the peasantry and 75 from the gentry. Gentlemen were characterized by a greater body height than peasants (169.40 cm and 166.…
Body size of young adult Polish college‐age women born before, during, and after WWII
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the young adult body size of Polish female university students born before, during, and after WWII. METHODS: Age, height, and weight of 492 students measured between 1956 and 1972 were accessed from the Department of Anthropology archives (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań). The sample was divided into three birth year cohorts relative to WWII: before (n = 120), during (n = 196), and after (n = 17…
Age at menarche in Polish University students born before, during and after World War II
Warriors Die Young
Scythians were nomadic groups, playing a dominant role on the Eurasian steppes in the Early Iron Age according to many archaeological and historical sources. In this paper, we aim at assessing demographic features and dynamics of a Scythian population from the Black Sea region. We hypothesise that they differed from other societies not only in terms of culture, but also demography: their fertility was lower, and life expectancy higher than in oth…
Marital Fertility and the Family in Poland from the Late Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century
Research in the obscure domicile files of Poznań's Municipal Records reveals that in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Poznań, fertility was determined by the interaction of many socioeconomic factors. Mothers' birth cohort and husbands' socioeconomic status proved to be the strongest factors significantly influencing women's age at matrimony, their age at first birth, and their number of children. Women born before 1890 married and st…
Did family size affect differences in body height in non-urbanized societies? Evidence from the Lemko community in Poland in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of economic changes in the Polish territories under Austrian partition at the end of the 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th centuries on the trend in adult body height, and to examine the effect of number of children in a family, as a socioeconomic factor, on the differences in heights of males and females. Data collected in a 1939 survey for a group of 350 Lemkos living in Polish lands under the …
Father’s social and economic position has strongest impact on age at menarche in girls from Central India
We assessed the impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female population from the state of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Records such as date of birth, chronological age, caste affiliation, size of place of residence, parents’ level of education and occupation, number of siblings, body height and weight, and age at menarche were collected for 330 students of A Central University, Sagar. The impact of socio-econo…
Does extreme maternal age still act as a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome? Evidence from Poland 20 years after the social and economic transformation
It was examined whether positive changes in maternal SES and medical facilities in Poland 20 years after social and economic transformation weakened the role of maternal age in shaping perinatal outcome. Data comprised of 2,979 children born in 2000 and 2,992 – born in 2015. To test the differences between the frequency of indicators of adverse perinatal outcome the chi-square test was applied. The influence of maternal age on the perinatal outco…
Did the Sex Ratio at Birth Reflect Social and Economic Inequalities? The Pilot Study from the Poznań Province, 1875–1913
The goal of this study was to examine whether and to what extent sex ratio values at birth may have reflected social and economic inequalities in the Province of Poznań (German: Provinz Posen) in the last decades of the 1800s and early 1900s. It was assumed that maternal economic, social and emotional well-being differed according to the size of the place of residence (Poznań / town / village) and her marital status (married / unmarried). In the …
Body size at birth in babies born during World War II
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to determine whether exposure of pregnant women to stresses caused by World War II (WWII) negatively affected pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: Individual medical documents deposited in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Medical University, Poznań (1934-1943; N = 7058) were evaluated. These were divided into two birth cohorts: before WWII and during it. Frequency tables were constructed fo…
Demography (37 works) · Geography (29 works) · Sociology (29 works) · Population (24 works) · Medicine (19 works) · Demography (15 works) · Biology (14 works) · Birth, Development, and Health (12 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (12 works) · Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes (12 works)