Robert E Worden
Biographic Data
| ID | 1125956 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert E Worden |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert E |
| FAMILY NAME | Worden |
| SIGNATURE | WORDEN R E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Albany State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0399-4149 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 268 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 15 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Systematic Social Observation of Police-Citizen Encounters
Research based on systematic social observation (SSO) methods and instruments have added immeasurably to the body of knowledge about discretionary police behavior. Until recently, SSO has provided for in-person observation of police work in its natural setting. The advent and proliferation of body-worn cameras (BWC) have enabled researchers to conduct SSO through BWC recordings, which affords advantages and disadvantages relative to in-person SSO…
Patterns of informal mentorship in policing
Implicit bias training for police
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the behavioral impacts of training police officers in implicit bias awareness and management. HYPOTHESES: Training police in implicit bias reduces racial and ethnic disparities in stops, arrests, summonses, frisks, searches, and/or use of force. METHOD: A cluster randomized controlled trial using the stepped wedge design was applied to 14,471 officers in the New York City Police Department, wit…
Beyond impunity
New York State's nonfatal shooting initiative provided support to police departments and district attorney's offices in two cities, Newburgh and Utica, NY: two investigators and a crime analyst dedicated to nonfatal shooting investigations, training and technical assistance, and timely forensic laboratory analysis of evidence. Evaluation findings show that the initiative positively affected the processes and outcomes of nonfatal shooting investig…
How people judge policing
By most contemporary accounts, the judgments that people make about their contacts with the police have a strong bearing on their broader attitudes toward the police, including especially their tru
Police Officers' Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences
This paper examines the influence of officers' and supervisors' attitudes and priorities toward community policing and problem solving over the time officers spend conducting problem‐solving activities. Analyzing data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a multi‐method study of police patrol in two police departments, results show that officers' perceptions of their supervisors' priorities for problem solving affect the amount of …
Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis
Recent research has reexamined the hypothesis that suspects' demeanor affects police behavior. Reanalyses have supported this demeanor hypothesis, but none have considered the possible interaction effect of demeanor with other extralegal variables. Utilizing systematic observational data collected in 24 police departments in three metropolitan areas, this research examines whether demeanor and suspects' characteristics interact, and ultimately pr…
Police culture, individualism, and community policing
According to the conventional wisdom, the police culture consists of a set of values, attitudes, and norms that are widely shared among officers, who find in the culture a way to cope with the strains of their working environment. Some research implies that the conventional wisdom is overdrawn, and recent research has begun to question it more directly. Changes in the composition (i.e., the race, sex, and education) of police personnel, as well a…
Demeanor, Crime, and Police Behavior
Recent research has called into question the seemingly well‐established conclusion that the likelihood of arrest by the police rises when suspects display a disrespectful or hostile demeanor toward the police. In this article we reanalyze data collected for the Police Services Study, on which a substantial body of supporting evidence for this conclusion is based, to determine whether previous analyses of these data have misestimated the effects o…
Law Enforcement in a Time of Community Policing
Community policing creates the expectation that oficers will become more selective in making arrests and that those decisions will be influenced more by extralegal considerations and less by legal ones. Data on 451 nontraffic police‐suspect encounters were drawn from ridealong observations in Richmond, Virginia, where the police department was implementing community policing. The arrest/no arrest decision is regressed on variables representing le…
Global and specific attitudes toward the police
Since the 1960s, a substantial body of research has focused on citizens' attitudes toward the police. These studies tap a rather wide variety of outlooks: some ask about specific assessments of the police (e.g., satisfaction with the police in particular incidents), while others ask about more global assessments (e.g., satisfaction with the police in general, police in the community, or police in the neighborhood). Using data obtained through a p…
Local Politics and the Provision of Indigent Defense Counsel
In this study we examine the decisions of local governments regarding the form and funding of indigent defense programs. We draw theoretical propositions from the literature on state and local policy making, and we test these propositions using data from Georgia. We find that the provision of indigent defense counsel by local governments is influenced by both economic and political factors: by the wealth on which counties can draw for revenue, wh…
Situational and Attitudinal Explanations of Police Behavior
This paper reappraises the value of situational and attitudinal variables as parts of a theory of police behavior. That situational factors affect officers' decisions to make arrests is well supported by empirical evidence; that officers' behavior is shaped by their attitudes and values is a common assumption even though it is supported only by weak empirical evidence. This analysis indicates that the theoretical utility of situational variables …
Aggressive Policing and the Deterrence of Crime
Recent analyses of the relationship between crime and an aggressive patrol strategy have led to no single conclusion concerning the deterrent power of aggressive policing. This research adds to that debate by exploring the effects of a variety of aggressive patrol tactics on several different crimes. The empirical analysis, based on cross‐sectional data from sixty urban neighborhoods, indicates that there appears to be no stable complex of police…
Police Arrests in Domestic Disturbances
This study is a reexamination of the effect of situational characteristics on police arrests in domestic disturbances. Using observational data, we replicate recent research based upon official police reports. We also consider the implications of variables not available in the earlier study, especially the role orientation of the intervening officer. The results support the previous finding that the arrest decision turns on situational cues, but …
Situational and Attitudinal Explanations of Police Behavior
This paper reappraises the value of situational and attitudinal variables as parts of a theory of police behavior. That situational factors affect officers' decisions to make arrests is well supported by empirical evidence; that officers' behavior is shaped by their attitudes and values is a common assumption even though it is supported only by weak empirical evidence. This analysis indicates that the theoretical utility of situational variables …
Law Enforcement in a Time of Community Policing
Community policing creates the expectation that oficers will become more selective in making arrests and that those decisions will be influenced more by extralegal considerations and less by legal ones. Data on 451 nontraffic police‐suspect encounters were drawn from ridealong observations in Richmond, Virginia, where the police department was implementing community policing. The arrest/no arrest decision is regressed on variables representing le…
Police Arrests in Domestic Disturbances
This study is a reexamination of the effect of situational characteristics on police arrests in domestic disturbances. Using observational data, we replicate recent research based upon official police reports. We also consider the implications of variables not available in the earlier study, especially the role orientation of the intervening officer. The results support the previous finding that the arrest decision turns on situational cues, but …
Demeanor, Crime, and Police Behavior
Recent research has called into question the seemingly well‐established conclusion that the likelihood of arrest by the police rises when suspects display a disrespectful or hostile demeanor toward the police. In this article we reanalyze data collected for the Police Services Study, on which a substantial body of supporting evidence for this conclusion is based, to determine whether previous analyses of these data have misestimated the effects o…
Police Officers' Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences
This paper examines the influence of officers' and supervisors' attitudes and priorities toward community policing and problem solving over the time officers spend conducting problem‐solving activities. Analyzing data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a multi‐method study of police patrol in two police departments, results show that officers' perceptions of their supervisors' priorities for problem solving affect the amount of …
Local Politics and the Provision of Indigent Defense Counsel
In this study we examine the decisions of local governments regarding the form and funding of indigent defense programs. We draw theoretical propositions from the literature on state and local policy making, and we test these propositions using data from Georgia. We find that the provision of indigent defense counsel by local governments is influenced by both economic and political factors: by the wealth on which counties can draw for revenue, wh…
Aggressive Policing and the Deterrence of Crime
Recent analyses of the relationship between crime and an aggressive patrol strategy have led to no single conclusion concerning the deterrent power of aggressive policing. This research adds to that debate by exploring the effects of a variety of aggressive patrol tactics on several different crimes. The empirical analysis, based on cross‐sectional data from sixty urban neighborhoods, indicates that there appears to be no stable complex of police…
Beyond impunity
New York State's nonfatal shooting initiative provided support to police departments and district attorney's offices in two cities, Newburgh and Utica, NY: two investigators and a crime analyst dedicated to nonfatal shooting investigations, training and technical assistance, and timely forensic laboratory analysis of evidence. Evaluation findings show that the initiative positively affected the processes and outcomes of nonfatal shooting investig…
Police Arrests in Domestic Disturbances
This study is a reexamination of the effect of situational characteristics on police arrests in domestic disturbances. Using observational data, we replicate recent research based upon official police reports. We also consider the implications of variables not available in the earlier study, especially the role orientation of the intervening officer. The results support the previous finding that the arrest decision turns on situational cues, but …
Aggressive Policing and the Deterrence of Crime
Recent analyses of the relationship between crime and an aggressive patrol strategy have led to no single conclusion concerning the deterrent power of aggressive policing. This research adds to that debate by exploring the effects of a variety of aggressive patrol tactics on several different crimes. The empirical analysis, based on cross‐sectional data from sixty urban neighborhoods, indicates that there appears to be no stable complex of police…
Local Politics and the Provision of Indigent Defense Counsel
In this study we examine the decisions of local governments regarding the form and funding of indigent defense programs. We draw theoretical propositions from the literature on state and local policy making, and we test these propositions using data from Georgia. We find that the provision of indigent defense counsel by local governments is influenced by both economic and political factors: by the wealth on which counties can draw for revenue, wh…
Situational and Attitudinal Explanations of Police Behavior
This paper reappraises the value of situational and attitudinal variables as parts of a theory of police behavior. That situational factors affect officers' decisions to make arrests is well supported by empirical evidence; that officers' behavior is shaped by their attitudes and values is a common assumption even though it is supported only by weak empirical evidence. This analysis indicates that the theoretical utility of situational variables …
Global and specific attitudes toward the police
Since the 1960s, a substantial body of research has focused on citizens' attitudes toward the police. These studies tap a rather wide variety of outlooks: some ask about specific assessments of the police (e.g., satisfaction with the police in particular incidents), while others ask about more global assessments (e.g., satisfaction with the police in general, police in the community, or police in the neighborhood). Using data obtained through a p…
Law Enforcement in a Time of Community Policing
Community policing creates the expectation that oficers will become more selective in making arrests and that those decisions will be influenced more by extralegal considerations and less by legal ones. Data on 451 nontraffic police‐suspect encounters were drawn from ridealong observations in Richmond, Virginia, where the police department was implementing community policing. The arrest/no arrest decision is regressed on variables representing le…
Demeanor, Crime, and Police Behavior
Recent research has called into question the seemingly well‐established conclusion that the likelihood of arrest by the police rises when suspects display a disrespectful or hostile demeanor toward the police. In this article we reanalyze data collected for the Police Services Study, on which a substantial body of supporting evidence for this conclusion is based, to determine whether previous analyses of these data have misestimated the effects o…
Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis
Recent research has reexamined the hypothesis that suspects' demeanor affects police behavior. Reanalyses have supported this demeanor hypothesis, but none have considered the possible interaction effect of demeanor with other extralegal variables. Utilizing systematic observational data collected in 24 police departments in three metropolitan areas, this research examines whether demeanor and suspects' characteristics interact, and ultimately pr…
Police culture, individualism, and community policing
According to the conventional wisdom, the police culture consists of a set of values, attitudes, and norms that are widely shared among officers, who find in the culture a way to cope with the strains of their working environment. Some research implies that the conventional wisdom is overdrawn, and recent research has begun to question it more directly. Changes in the composition (i.e., the race, sex, and education) of police personnel, as well a…
Police Officers' Attitudes, Behavior, and Supervisory Influences
This paper examines the influence of officers' and supervisors' attitudes and priorities toward community policing and problem solving over the time officers spend conducting problem‐solving activities. Analyzing data collected for the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, a multi‐method study of police patrol in two police departments, results show that officers' perceptions of their supervisors' priorities for problem solving affect the amount of …
How people judge policing
By most contemporary accounts, the judgments that people make about their contacts with the police have a strong bearing on their broader attitudes toward the police, including especially their tru
Beyond impunity
New York State's nonfatal shooting initiative provided support to police departments and district attorney's offices in two cities, Newburgh and Utica, NY: two investigators and a crime analyst dedicated to nonfatal shooting investigations, training and technical assistance, and timely forensic laboratory analysis of evidence. Evaluation findings show that the initiative positively affected the processes and outcomes of nonfatal shooting investig…
Implicit bias training for police
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the behavioral impacts of training police officers in implicit bias awareness and management. HYPOTHESES: Training police in implicit bias reduces racial and ethnic disparities in stops, arrests, summonses, frisks, searches, and/or use of force. METHOD: A cluster randomized controlled trial using the stepped wedge design was applied to 14,471 officers in the New York City Police Department, wit…
Systematic Social Observation of Police-Citizen Encounters
Research based on systematic social observation (SSO) methods and instruments have added immeasurably to the body of knowledge about discretionary police behavior. Until recently, SSO has provided for in-person observation of police work in its natural setting. The advent and proliferation of body-worn cameras (BWC) have enabled researchers to conduct SSO through BWC recordings, which affords advantages and disadvantages relative to in-person SSO…
Patterns of informal mentorship in policing
Policing Practices and Perceptions (13 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Criminology (12 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (11 works) · Political science (10 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Community policing (4 works) · Law (4 works) · Social Psychology (4 works)