G D Stone
Biographic Data
| ID | 11282 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G D Stone |
| GIVEN NAMES | G D |
| FAMILY NAME | Stone |
| SIGNATURE | STONE G D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6265-6396 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 60 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 921 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 60 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Black Swans and Safety Nets: Food Aid, Dispersal, and Eugenics in Corbin Hollow
After an area of the Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains was condemned for the planned Shenandoah National Park, the residents of Corbin Hollow were stranded in their homes as ecological and economic conditions worsened in the 1930s.They were depicted in the national press and in academic research as a backward, isolated, and eventually starving community that would benefit from being moved to new homes in the modern world.More recent archaeological an…
Citizens as consumers: Styles of Reasoning About Agricultural Biotechnologies and Publics
GM Crops and the Jevons Paradox: Induced Innovation, Systemic Effects and Net Pesticide Increases From Pesticide-Decreasing Crops
The Jevons paradox describes how increased efficiency in the use of a resource can paradoxically increase rather than reduce its overall consumption. In agricultural systems, efficiency is confounded by a broad range of economic, ecological, social and evolutionary factors. Agriculture is a particularly elastic kind of production: Efficiencies in one input can lead to an increased consumption of other inputs as well as changes to system outputs. …
The knowledge politics of genome editing in Africa
How is the promise of crop genome editing viewed by scientists working with or aspiring to work with the technology, by development experts seeking to mold public perceptions and policy attitudes toward genome editing, and by donors that provide funds for genome-editing research for agricultural applications in sub-Saharan Africa? In this article, we present data from interviews with these stakeholders to shed light on their aspirations, concerns…
Siloed discourses: A year-long study of twitter engagement on the use of CRISPR in food and agriculture
Gene editing technologies are emerging as powerful tools for agricultural development, spurring both hopes and concerns in society. To understand emerging discourses and coalitions around the role of CRISPR gene editing in food and agriculture we map the main actors and themes emerging from English-speaking Twitter networks over the course of one year (2021). Scientific actors are the most active and best networked in the debate. They promote a p…
Governing Agricultural Biotechnologies in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany: A Trans-decadal Study of Regulatory Cultures
Comparative studies of agricultural biotechnology regulation have highlighted differences in the roles that science and politics play in decision-making. Drawing on documentary and interview evidence in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, we consider how the "regulatory cultures" that guided national responses to earlier generations of agricultural biotechnology have developed, alongside the emergence of genome editing in food cro…
Beyond the Genome: Genetically Modified Crops in Africa and the Implications for Genome Editing
Genome editing - a plant-breeding technology that facilitates the manipulation of genetic traits within living organisms - has captured the imagination of scholars and professionals working on agricultural development in Africa. Echoing the arrival of genetically modified (GM) crops decades ago, genome editing is being heralded as a technology with the potential to revolutionize breeding based on enhanced precision, reduced cost and increased spe…
Surveillance agriculture and peasant autonomy
‘Big Data’ digital technologies are beginning to make inroads into peasant agriculture in the Global South. Of particular importance is the subset of technologies that appropriate agricultural decision‐making, here theorized as surveillance agriculture. These technological regimes aspire to not only remove decision‐making from the farmer, but eventually to replace the farmer with, for instance, ‘autonomous’ tractors. This paper looks ahead to ask…
Malthusian Thought
Robert Malthus’s 1798 Population has proven to be one of the most influential publications in history. Challenging ideas popular among Enlightenment writers, including the perfectibility of human institutions, he argued that since population could grow exponentially and agriculture only linearly, there was an inherent and irresolvable imbalance in nature that unavoidably led to population being checked by mortality among the poor. The policy impl…
Genetically Modified Crops
In 1958, a Nobel laureate predicted that one day scientists would be able to use “biological engineering” to improve all species. Genetic modification of viruses and bacteria was performed in the early 1970s. Genetic modification of plants was announced in the early 1980s, followed by predictions of revolutionary improvements in agriculture. But nearly forty years later, the improvements brought by genetic modification are meager: few crops have …
Golden Rice and technology adoption theory: A study of seed choice dynamics among rice growers in the Philippines
Commentary: New histories of the Indian Green Revolution
The Green Revolution continues to be a touchstone in debates on food production. Accounts generally cite “high‐yielding” dwarf wheat and rice spreading through Asia and particularly India, resulting in lives saved, agriculture modernised, and under‐utilised workers moved off farms. This Commentary examines the forces that popularised this version of events and then reviews a significant new body of writing, comprising five major works by historia…
Farmer knowledge across the commodification spectrum: Rice, cotton, and vegetables in Telangana, India
Crop seeds are a factor of production that can be produced on farm or bought, commodified in varying ways and degrees, and that can change slowly or rapidly-all of which directly impact the crucial process of farmer "skilling." Seed choices also offer a unique empirical window through which farmer knowledge may be studied. Although other studies have examined the differences between cash and food crops, this research provides new insights into va…
Genetically Modified Organisms
Genetic modification via the creation of recombinant DNA was developed in the 1970s. It has been used to produce medicines and industrial products but its greatest impact has been in crop agriculture. Genetically modified (GM) crops are planted on a large scale in five countries and on smaller scales in many others. Impacts are contested but there appear to be a mix of positive and negative effects and controversies continue to characterize their…
Agricultural Intensification
The process of increasing output from a given amount of land by increasing inputs is called agricultural intensification. Intensification may be labor based or capital based. In labor‐based intensification, farmers adapt to rising population density by shortening fallows and accepting lower marginal returns on their work. In capital‐based intensification, farms not only become more factory‐like but also rely increasingly on manufactured inputs. T…
Agriculture as spectacle
In the influential "performance" model of agriculture, the appearance of the farm is the unintentional result of improvisational decision-making rather than the intentional result of design. However in many ways agriculture is explicitly intended to produce an appearance, often aimed at a specific audience. This phenomenon, termed agricultural spectacle, comes in many forms and serves varied aims. This article offers a theoretical framework begin…
The ox fall down: Path-breaking and technology treadmills in Indian cotton agriculture
Although India's cotton sector has been penetrated by various input- and capital-intensive methods, penetration by herbicide has been largely stymied. In Telangana State, the main obstacle has been the practice of 'double-lining', in which cotton plants are spaced widely to allow weeding by ox-plow. Path dependency theory primarily explains the persistence of sub-optimal practices, but double-lining is an example of an advantageous path for cash-…
Heirloom rice in Ifugao: An 'Anti-Commodity' in the Process of Commodification
We analyse the marketing of 'heirloom rices' produced in the Cordillera mountains of northern Luzon, the Philippines, as the commodification of a historical 'anti-commodity'. We contend that, historically, rice was produced for social, cultural and spiritual purposes but not primarily for sale or trade. The Ifugaos were able to sustain terraced wet-rice cultivation within a system of 'escape agriculture' because they were protected from Spanish i…
Mapping Knowledge: GIS as a Tool for Spatial Modeling of Patterns of Warangal Cotton Seed Popularity and Farmer Decision-Making
Dreading Crispr: GMOs, Honest Brokers, And Mertonian Transgressions
Newly arriving biotechnologies are beginning to force us all—scientists, policy makers, and the public—to confront questions of extraordinary difficulty. We will urgently need scientists to act as
Disembedding grain: Golden Rice, the Green Revolution, and heirloom seeds in the Philippines
Towards a General Theory of Agricultural Knowledge Production: Environmental, Social, and Didactic Learning
Social scientists and input producers alike have seen farmer decision making as driven by environmental learning based on experimentation and empirical observation. A more robust body of theory influenced by behavioral ecology sees a major role for social learning based on emulation of models selected on social criteria, although the relationship between these learning modes is not well understood. But a larger problem is that these perspectives …
The problem with the farmer’s voice
Rhythms of the herd: Long term dynamics in seed choice by Indian farmers
Seeds, Science, and Struggle: The Global Politics of Transgenic Crops by Abby Kinchy (review)
Reviewed by: Seeds, Science, and Struggle: The Global Politics of Transgenic Crops by Abby Kinchy Glenn Davis Stone (bio) Seeds, Science, and Struggle: The Global Politics of Transgenic Crops. By Abby Kinchy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012. Pp. xviii+220. $22. Despite the attempts to boil genetically modified (GM) crops down to simple narratives, the controversies that have swirled around these new technologies in different countries are in many …
The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths
Agricultural Deskilling and the Spread of Genetically Modified Cotton in Warangal
Warangal District, Andhra Pradesh, India, is a key cotton-growing area in one of the most closely watched arenas of the global struggle over genetically modified crops. In 2005 farmers adopted India's first genetically modified crop, Bt cotton, in numbers that resemble a fad. Various parties, including the biotechnology firm behind the new technology, interpret the spread as the result of farmer experimentation and management skill, alluding to o…
Seasonally, Labor Scheduling, and Agricultural Intensification in the Nigerian Savanna
Human labor is the primary factor of production in indigenous agricultural systems, yet the organization and scheduling of labor, and effect of agricultural intensification on these processes, remain poorly understood. While most theoretical and empirical studies have emphasized overall labor input and efficiency, this study of the Kofyar of Nigeria analyzes the scheduling and mobilization of labor in ecological context. Detailed labor diaries fo…
Both Sides Now: Fallacies in the Genetic-Modification Wars, Implications for Developing Countries, and Anthropological Perspectives
Typological Schemes and Agricultural Change: Beyond Boserup in Precolonial South India [and Comments and Reply]
Non-Boserupian Ecology and Agricultural Risk: Ethnic Politics and Land Control in the Arid Southwest
Numerous cases of increasing population without fallow shortening or intensification without population pressure have been cited as disproof of the Boserup model of agricultural change. In this paper we argue that the model is an efficient explanation for agricultural change but only when certain agroecological conditions are met: higher marginal input costs must be both necessary and sufficient to raise production. Elsewhere, conditions are non-…
The Anthropology of Genetically Modified Crops
By late in the twentieth century, scientists had succeeded in manipulating organisms at the genetic level, mainly by gene transfer. The major impact of this technology has been seen in the spread of genetically modified (GM) crops, which has occurred with little controversy in some areas and with fierce controversy elsewhere. GM crops raise a very wide range of questions, and I address three areas of particular interest for anthropology and its a…
Field versus Farm in Warangal: Bt Cotton, Higher Yields, and Larger Questions
Theory of the square chicken: Advances in Agricultural Intensification Theory
Scientific understanding of agricultural change has grown considerably since Boserup's seminal 1965 work, but her model's simplicity has provided a foundation for building more complex understandings of farming societies. Much of the development of these more sophisticated understandings has been led by Harold Brookfield. The first section of this paper summarises our current understanding of the salient points of commonality in intensive smallho…
Towards a General Theory of Agricultural Knowledge Production: Environmental, Social, and Didactic Learning
Social scientists and input producers alike have seen farmer decision making as driven by environmental learning based on experimentation and empirical observation. A more robust body of theory influenced by behavioral ecology sees a major role for social learning based on emulation of models selected on social criteria, although the relationship between these learning modes is not well understood. But a larger problem is that these perspectives …
The ox fall down: Path-breaking and technology treadmills in Indian cotton agriculture
Although India's cotton sector has been penetrated by various input- and capital-intensive methods, penetration by herbicide has been largely stymied. In Telangana State, the main obstacle has been the practice of 'double-lining', in which cotton plants are spaced widely to allow weeding by ox-plow. Path dependency theory primarily explains the persistence of sub-optimal practices, but double-lining is an example of an advantageous path for cash-…
Agricultural Intensification and Perimetrics: Ethnoarchaeological Evidence From Nigeria
Commentary: New histories of the Indian Green Revolution
The Green Revolution continues to be a touchstone in debates on food production. Accounts generally cite “high‐yielding” dwarf wheat and rice spreading through Asia and particularly India, resulting in lives saved, agriculture modernised, and under‐utilised workers moved off farms. This Commentary examines the forces that popularised this version of events and then reviews a significant new body of writing, comprising five major works by historia…
Heirloom rice in Ifugao: An 'Anti-Commodity' in the Process of Commodification
We analyse the marketing of 'heirloom rices' produced in the Cordillera mountains of northern Luzon, the Philippines, as the commodification of a historical 'anti-commodity'. We contend that, historically, rice was produced for social, cultural and spiritual purposes but not primarily for sale or trade. The Ifugaos were able to sustain terraced wet-rice cultivation within a system of 'escape agriculture' because they were protected from Spanish i…
Agricultural Territories in a Dispersed Settlement System
Disembedding grain: Golden Rice, the Green Revolution, and heirloom seeds in the Philippines
Farmer knowledge across the commodification spectrum: Rice, cotton, and vegetables in Telangana, India
Crop seeds are a factor of production that can be produced on farm or bought, commodified in varying ways and degrees, and that can change slowly or rapidly-all of which directly impact the crucial process of farmer "skilling." Seed choices also offer a unique empirical window through which farmer knowledge may be studied. Although other studies have examined the differences between cash and food crops, this research provides new insights into va…
The sexual division of labor in Kofyar agriculture
Previous models of the sexual division of labor in agriculture have suggested that men and women universally have distinctive work routines and differential access to agricultural labor. This article argues that these generalizations will not always hold true and illustrates this point with the particular example of intensive agriculture dependent on manual labor. An analysis of detailed labor data from the Nigerian Kofyar support this contention…
An ethnoarchaeological perspective on soils
As archaeologists become increasingly sophisticated in their use of soils in understanding settlement patterns, it is necessary to consider what prehistoric food producers might have known about the soils of their landscape and how this could have influenced their land use strategies. A review of ethnopedological studies demonstrates that non‐Western soil classifications tend to be less developed than comparable folk botanical or zoological class…
On Artifact Density and Shovel Probes
Rhythms of the herd: Long term dynamics in seed choice by Indian farmers
Predatory Sedentism: Intimidation and Intensification in the Nigerian Savanna
Commentary: Biotechnology and Suicide in India
Agriculture as spectacle
In the influential "performance" model of agriculture, the appearance of the farm is the unintentional result of improvisational decision-making rather than the intentional result of design. However in many ways agriculture is explicitly intended to produce an appearance, often aimed at a specific audience. This phenomenon, termed agricultural spectacle, comes in many forms and serves varied aims. This article offers a theoretical framework begin…
Social distance, spatial relations, and agricultural production among the Kofyar of Namu district, Plateau State, Nigeria
On Artifact Density and Shovel Probes
Household Variability and Inequality in Kofyar Subsistence and Cash-Cropping Economies
Social scientists have argued that the change from subsistence to market-oriented production leads to the development of socioeconomic inequality in generally egalitarian agrarian societies. A reanalysis of data on households and production among the Nigerian Kofyar suggests that the relation of population to resources is a more important determinant of inequality than the subsistence/market distinction. The Kofyar homeland, with its traditional …
Kofyar cash-cropping: Choice and change in indigenous agricultural development
An ethnoarchaeological perspective on soils
As archaeologists become increasingly sophisticated in their use of soils in understanding settlement patterns, it is necessary to consider what prehistoric food producers might have known about the soils of their landscape and how this could have influenced their land use strategies. A review of ethnopedological studies demonstrates that non‐Western soil classifications tend to be less developed than comparable folk botanical or zoological class…
Seasonally, Labor Scheduling, and Agricultural Intensification in the Nigerian Savanna
Human labor is the primary factor of production in indigenous agricultural systems, yet the organization and scheduling of labor, and effect of agricultural intensification on these processes, remain poorly understood. While most theoretical and empirical studies have emphasized overall labor input and efficiency, this study of the Kofyar of Nigeria analyzes the scheduling and mobilization of labor in ecological context. Detailed labor diaries fo…
Agricultural Territories in a Dispersed Settlement System
Social distance, spatial relations, and agricultural production among the Kofyar of Namu district, Plateau State, Nigeria
Agricultural abandonment: A comparative study in historical ecology
On the Nigerian savanna between Lafia and Shendam are thousands of farmsteads of sorghum, millet, and yam farmers. The area south of the small town of Namu is populated largely by Kofyar, who have been moving there from the hills of the Jos Plateau since the middle of this century. The Kofyar first came on a seasonal basis, living in ephemeral compounds, but by the time I came in 1984 they had established enduring settlements in many areas. I had…
Archeology: Households and Communities: Proceedings of the Twenty‐First Annual Chacmool Conference . Scott MacEachern, David J. W. Archer, and Richard D. Garvin
Agricultural Intensification and Perimetrics: Ethnoarchaeological Evidence From Nigeria
The sexual division of labor in Kofyar agriculture
Previous models of the sexual division of labor in agriculture have suggested that men and women universally have distinctive work routines and differential access to agricultural labor. This article argues that these generalizations will not always hold true and illustrates this point with the particular example of intensive agriculture dependent on manual labor. An analysis of detailed labor data from the Nigerian Kofyar support this contention…
Typological Schemes and Agricultural Change: Beyond Boserup in Precolonial South India [and Comments and Reply]
Animated Images: A New Tool for Web-Based Anthropology
Predatory Sedentism: Intimidation and Intensification in the Nigerian Savanna
Social Organization of Agricultural Labor among the Kofyar of Nigeria: An Example of Web-Based Scholarship Based on an Excerpt From Settlement Ecology: The Social and Spatial Organization of Kofyar Ag…
Anthropology: Implications for Form and Content of Web-Based Scholarship
Although it is rapidly emerging as a forum for social science scholarship, the World Wide Web is now used mainly to propagate conventional scholarship. This is certain to change given the simultaneous expansion in the capabilities of Web-based communication and decline in libraries' ability to keep abreast of print scholarship. This article outlines opportunities for changing and enhancing the nature of scholarly (peer-reviewed) articles on the W…
Software Reviews: Cultural Anthropology: An Introduction Using ExplorIt Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Bellevue, WA: MicroCase Corp., 1998. http://www.microcase.com. Price: $18,…
Keeping the Home Fires Burning: The Changed Nature of Householding in the Kofyar Homeland
Virtual Archaeology: Re-Creating Ancient Worlds. Maurizio Forte and Alberto Siliotti, editors. 1997. Harry N. Abrams, New York. 288 pages, 660 illustrations, index. $49.50 (cloth)
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Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara
Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara. John Middleton. editor in chief. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1997. vols.2466pp
Non-Boserupian Ecology and Agricultural Risk: Ethnic Politics and Land Control in the Arid Southwest
Numerous cases of increasing population without fallow shortening or intensification without population pressure have been cited as disproof of the Boserup model of agricultural change. In this paper we argue that the model is an efficient explanation for agricultural change but only when certain agroecological conditions are met: higher marginal input costs must be both necessary and sufficient to raise production. Elsewhere, conditions are non-…
Anthropology: Blurring the Lines and Moving the CameraŠThe Beginnings of Web-Based Scholarship in Anthropology
A survey of anthropology projects on the web finds little overall evolution of the field’s scholarly products to capitalize on the medium’s potential. However, a few of the most recent innovations appear to provide a glimpse of changes soon to come. Several new forms of nonrefereed scholarship have appeared, and an important theme running through them is the blurring of conventional boundaries. Within the refereed literature, few journals have ve…
The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths
Theory of the square chicken: Advances in Agricultural Intensification Theory
Scientific understanding of agricultural change has grown considerably since Boserup's seminal 1965 work, but her model's simplicity has provided a foundation for building more complex understandings of farming societies. Much of the development of these more sophisticated understandings has been led by Harold Brookfield. The first section of this paper summarises our current understanding of the salient points of commonality in intensive smallho…
Commentary: Biotechnology and Suicide in India
Agriculture (35 works) · Geography (32 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Political science (25 works) · Economics (24 works) · Biology (23 works) · Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development (19 works) · Archaeology (18 works) · Business (16 works) · Ecology (16 works)