Tyler G Okimoto
Biographic Data
| ID | 113182 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tyler G Okimoto |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tyler G |
| FAMILY NAME | Okimoto |
| SIGNATURE | OKIMOTO T G |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Queensland |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4506-6826 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 209 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Examining Motivational Profiles of Forgiveness in the Workplace: An Employee-Centered Approach
Forgiveness is often conceptualized as an ethical response to workplace transgressions with the potential to repair strained relationships between organizational members. However, the act of forgiveness is not always accompanied by prosocial intentions; scholars have theorized that there is a qualitative difference between forgiveness that genuinely expresses an internal sentiment of benevolence versus forgiveness that is expressed but lacks corr…
Conditional but Collaborative: Offering Offenders Voice Improves Their Engagement With the Conditions of Forgiveness
Relationships may survive transgressions by victimized relationship partners forgiving, but their forgiveness can be conditional on fulfilling stipulations. Conditional forgiveness enables victimized relationship partners to move forward in the relationship, but offending relationship partners may view it as manipulative. We examined whether offender voice in decision-making improves offending relationship partners engagement with conditional for…
Transformative Moral Repair Following Interpersonal Transgressions: Post-Transgression Relationship Growth
Research often views relationship repair through a reparative lens of relationship partners attempting to fix what was damaged or broken by the transgression. We argue here for a transformative lens to view transgressions as potential catalysts for the strengthening of relationships or what we term: post-transgression relationship growth (PTRG). However, we also argue that PTRG is more likely achieved when the transgression is dealt with dyadical…
Refusing to forgive can have psychological benefits
How diversity and disadvantage frames shape employee reactions to affirmative action: Social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions
Conflicting Loyalties: Cognitive Abstraction Drives Whistleblowing Behavior Among Those Who Value Loyalty
Potential whistleblowers, that is, people contemplating revealing potentially damaging information about unethical or unlawful behavior to a third party, are often described as facing a conflict between loyalty and fairness. Yet, whistleblowers often may feel a sense of conflicting loyalties: loyalty towards the party (e.g., a colleague) that may be damaged by their blowing the whistle and loyalty towards the party (e.g., society at large) that m…
Keeping score: Past victimization reduces offenders’ conciliatory sentiments for their present transgressions
Many relationships within which interpersonal transgressions transpire often involve histories of reciprocal wrongdoing, where each party has occupied both the role of victim and offender. We investigate whether past incidents of being wronged by the victim of a present transgression may dampen offenders’ conciliatory sentiments for their present wrongdoing. Across four studies (combined N = 1037), we find evidence that past victimization experie…
Turning Tables: Offenders Feel Like “Victims” When Victims Withhold Forgiveness
When offenders apologize to victims for a wrongdoing, they often expect forgiveness in return. Sometimes, however, victims may withhold forgiveness. Across four experimental studies, we find that offenders feel like “victims” when victims respond to their apologies with non-forgiveness. This can be explained by the fact that they interpret non-forgiveness as both a norm violation and a threat to their sense of power. Together, these mechanisms ca…
The effect of race and foreign accent on managers’ career progression
This paper investigated immigrant groups’ attributes as factors inhibiting immigrants’ career development and progression vis-à-vis local-born-mainstream-groups. Drawing on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) of warmth and competence, we examined perceptual cues (surface-diversity) and factors that act as career progression barriers. Results revealed race (white, non-white) and accents, rather than immigrant-status, were largely responsible for pe…
Let's talk about this: Co‐rumination and dyadic dynamics of moral repair following wrongdoing
Interpersonal transgressions threaten victims, offenders, and their relationships, often leading the parties to ruminate about the wrongdoing, not only individually but also together, in acts of co‐rumination . We investigate how two forms of co‐rumination—co‐reflection and co‐brooding—influence, or are influenced by, individual rumination and victim forgiveness or offender self‐forgiveness. Our study used a prospective‐longitudinal‐dyadic design…
A Person-Centered Approach to Understanding Endorsement of Restorative Justice in Response to Workplace Mistreatment
Knowing me, knowing us: Personal and collective self-awareness enhances authentic leadership and leader endorsement
Dynamics of Moral Repair: Forgiveness, Self-Forgiveness, and the Restoration of Value Consensus as Interdependent Processes
Most psychological research has investigated victims’ forgiveness and offenders’ self-forgiveness separately, ignoring interactive and dynamic processes between them. We suggest that both parties are interdependent in their attempts to revalidate the values violated by the wrongdoing. In the present study, both partners of close relationships dyads (including 164 complete couples) were surveyed over three time-points following the report of a wro…
A peer mentoring social learning perspective of cross-cultural adjustment: The rapid-acculturation mateship program
The shape of justice repair: Asymmetric nonlinear retributive and restorative justice effects to unfair supervisor treatment
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of supervisor’s unfair treatment on follower’s retributive and restorative justice perceptions. The main goal is to find asymmetric nonlinear trajectories in the relationship between the severity of unfair treatment and employees’ orientation toward retributive/restorative justice. Design/methodology/approach Using an experimental policy-capturing design that varied five levels of transgr…
Intercultural contacts and acculturation resources among International students in Australia: A mixed-methods study
Embodied remorse: Physical displays of remorse increase positive responses to public apologies, but have negligible effects on forgiveness
Public apologies struggle to communicate genuineness. Previous studies have shown that, in response to public apologies, perceptions of remorse and levels of forgiveness are often low, while skepticism about motive is high. Furthermore, attempts to reduce mistrust of public apologies by manipulating the verbal component of the message have had limited success. Across 6 studies (combined N = 3,818), we examined whether people respond more positive…
Changing Beliefs About Female Leader Advancement Following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
Scholars have discussed the implications of positive leadership role models, including the impact of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton’s political rise for aspiring leaders of underrepresented groups. However, there are also potential ramifications when those role models fail, shaping broader beliefs about the permeability of the glass ceiling. The current research tests this idea by evaluating the perceived promotability of male and female busine…
You've Come a Long Way…Maybe: How Moral Emotions Trigger Backlash Against Women Leaders
Despite the progress American women have made in other arenas, they still remain underrepresented in top leadership positions in both the public and private sectors, thus contributing to their marginalized status in these domains. Although people do not expect to encounter women in positions of power, a solely cognitive process cannot fully account for the negative interpersonal characterizations and poor leadership evaluations (i.e., backlash) t…
The power of grassroots expressions of remorse for promoting intergroup forgiveness
A Long Time Coming: Delays in Collective Apologies and Their Effects on Sincerity and Forgiveness
Political apologies by one group to another often occur a significant period of time after the original transgression. What effect does such a delay have on perceptions of sincerity and forgiveness? A delayed apology could reflect the offender group's reluctance to apologize, or, alternatively, it could represent time and consideration spent on developing an appropriate response. In two studies, we found that a verbal collective apology, when del…
Exploring New Directions in Self-Forgiveness Research: Integrating Self and Other Perspectives on Moral Repair
The appraisal gap: Why victim and transgressor groups disagree on the need for a collective apology
After an intergroup transgression, victims often advocate for a collective apology that the transgressor group is reluctant to provide. We argue that this is partly caused by a discrepancy in the extent to which victim and perpetrator group members appraise transgressions through an intergroup lens. In three experiments, participants read about individuals assaulting members of a racial out‐group. Consistent with predictions, victim group members…
Differences in sensitivity to deviance partly explain ideological divides in social policy support
We propose that political differences in social policy support may be partly driven by the tendency for conservatives to show greater sensitivity to deviance than liberals, even among targets lacking social or functional relevance. In 3 studies, participants were shown geometric figures and were asked to identify the extent to which they were "triangles" (or circles, squares, etc.). More conservative participants reported greater differentiation …
We forgive”: A group’s act of forgiveness and its restorative effects on members’ feelings of justice and sentiments towards the offender group
Although typically conceptualized as a reconciliation outcome, we propose that intergroup forgiveness can also be construed as a decision or course of action that advances justice and positive intergroup sentiments among members of the victimized group. However, the process through which this occurs depends on the perceived differentiation between the groups. Following intergroup transgressions staged in the laboratory (Study 1) or reported in ne…
How acts of forgiveness restore a sense of justice: Addressing status/power and value concerns raised by transgressions
Commonly it is understood that forgiveness means sacrificing justice. However, the present study shows that the act of forgiving can increase a sense of justice, which in turn facilitates benevolent sentiments towards the offender. University students ( N = 88) imagined themselves as victims and, after the offender either did or did not offer an apology , they either were or were not instructed to express their forgiveness to the offender (via an…
Punitive versus compensatory reactions to injustice: Emotional antecedents to third-party interventions
Justice through consensus: Shared identity and the preference for a restorative notion of justice
We propose a concept of restorative justice as a sense of justice deriving from consensus about, and the reaffirmation of, values violated by an offence (in contrast to punishment‐based retributive justice). Victims should be more likely to seek restorative justice (and less likely retributive justice) when they perceive to share a relevant identity with the offender. In Study 1, when the relevant identity (university affiliation) shared with the…
Apologies demanded yet devalued: Normative dilution in the age of apology
The “Bad Parent” Assumption: How Gender Stereotypes Affect Reactions to Working Mothers
Although balancing work and family commitments is a significant source of strain for working parents, working mothers in traditionally male positions face additional anxiety due to unfounded assumptions about their competence as employees, assumptions rooted in gender stereotypes. However, stereotype‐based assumptions can also bias competence impressions of these working mothers in family domains, depicting them as bad parents. In four experiment…
Beyond Retribution: Conceptualizing Restorative Justice and Exploring its Determinants
Punishment as restoration of group and offender values following a transgression: Value consensus through symbolic labelling and offender reform
Justice theory has suggested that transgressions pose a threat to the shared values that underlie broken rules or laws, suggesting that in order to address concerns over the values violated by an offence, perceived consensus regarding those values must be reaffirmed. However, little empirical research has been conducted examining how legal responses can address those value concerns. In the current research we argue that punishments, as a common r…
Is Compensation Enough? Relational Concerns in Responding to Unintended Inequity
Traditional justice models suggest that monetary compensation is an adequate response to unintended distributive harm. This perspective is widely accepted in real world settings, and is manifested in policies ranging from worker compensation to the court-based tort system. Drawing on the arguments from relational models of authority, we hypothesize that compensation for losses may be viewed by victims as an inadequate response to the situation, e…
Third-party punishment and symbolic intragroup status
Outcomes as affirmation of membership value: Material compensation as an administrative response to procedural injustice
Intercultural contacts and acculturation resources among International students in Australia: A mixed-methods study
Refusing to apologize can have psychological benefits (and we issue no mea culpa for this research finding)
Despite an understanding of the perception and consequences of apologies for their recipients, little is known about the consequences of interpersonal apologies, or their denial, for the offending actor. In two empirical studies, we examined the unexplored psychological consequences that follow from a harm‐doer's explicit refusal to apologize. Results showed that the act of refusing to apologize resulted in greater self‐esteem than not refusing t…
A Long Time Coming: Delays in Collective Apologies and Their Effects on Sincerity and Forgiveness
Political apologies by one group to another often occur a significant period of time after the original transgression. What effect does such a delay have on perceptions of sincerity and forgiveness? A delayed apology could reflect the offender group's reluctance to apologize, or, alternatively, it could represent time and consideration spent on developing an appropriate response. In two studies, we found that a verbal collective apology, when del…
Do Retributive and Restorative Justice Processes Address Different Symbolic Concerns
We forgive”: A group’s act of forgiveness and its restorative effects on members’ feelings of justice and sentiments towards the offender group
Although typically conceptualized as a reconciliation outcome, we propose that intergroup forgiveness can also be construed as a decision or course of action that advances justice and positive intergroup sentiments among members of the victimized group. However, the process through which this occurs depends on the perceived differentiation between the groups. Following intergroup transgressions staged in the laboratory (Study 1) or reported in ne…
The varying meaning of forgiveness: Relationship closeness moderates how forgiveness affects feelings of justice
Psychological research has repeatedly shown that victims are more likely to forgive socially close than distant others, but little research has addressed the question whether forgiveness in these two cases actually has the same psychological meaning. As one approach to this issue, the present research investigates how acts of forgiveness aid the restoration of victims' justice feelings through different processes, depending on the closeness of th…
Differences in sensitivity to deviance partly explain ideological divides in social policy support
We propose that political differences in social policy support may be partly driven by the tendency for conservatives to show greater sensitivity to deviance than liberals, even among targets lacking social or functional relevance. In 3 studies, participants were shown geometric figures and were asked to identify the extent to which they were "triangles" (or circles, squares, etc.). More conservative participants reported greater differentiation …
Toward More Interesting Research Questions: Problematizing Theory in Social Justice
The symbolic identity implications of inter and intra‐group transgressions
The current investigation proposes that symbolic identity concerns underlie retributive desires following a transgression, but that the type of identity concern that primarily drives that retribution varies between intra and intergroup contexts. More specifically, a respondent's social identity may be threatened by calling into question his or her ingroup's status and power in the larger superordinate society, a concern that is particularly relev…
The moderating and mediating role of group identification in observers' reactions to intragroup disrespect
The current research examines observer reactions to disrespectful treatment of another ingroup member by an ingroup authority. In an empirical study which identifies both the moderating and mediating role of group identification in tandem, specifically with regard to the observed intragroup disrespect, relational motives appeared to underlie subsequent observer evaluations of the group as a whole. Respondents' pre‐transgression identification wit…
The power of grassroots expressions of remorse for promoting intergroup forgiveness
Expanding the Horizons of Social Justice Research: Three Essays on Justice Theory
The appraisal gap: Why victim and transgressor groups disagree on the need for a collective apology
After an intergroup transgression, victims often advocate for a collective apology that the transgressor group is reluctant to provide. We argue that this is partly caused by a discrepancy in the extent to which victim and perpetrator group members appraise transgressions through an intergroup lens. In three experiments, participants read about individuals assaulting members of a racial out‐group. Consistent with predictions, victim group members…
Embodied remorse: Physical displays of remorse increase positive responses to public apologies, but have negligible effects on forgiveness
Public apologies struggle to communicate genuineness. Previous studies have shown that, in response to public apologies, perceptions of remorse and levels of forgiveness are often low, while skepticism about motive is high. Furthermore, attempts to reduce mistrust of public apologies by manipulating the verbal component of the message have had limited success. Across 6 studies (combined N = 3,818), we examined whether people respond more positive…
Effort in the face of difference: Feeling like a non‐prototypical group member motivates effort
Three studies examined the relationship between individuals' perceived “prototypicality” in a group, their subsequent self‐presentation goals, and individual effort in that group. Consistent with the finding that feelings of marginal ingroup membership status elicit a desire to seek stronger social connections within ingroups, we predicted that non‐prototypical group members will have more salient self‐presentation goals than prototypical members…
Retributive and restorative justice
The emergence of restorative justice as an alternative model to Western, court-based criminal justice may have important implications for the psychology of justice. It is proposed that two different notions of justice affect responses to rule-breaking: restorative and retributive justice. Retributive justice essentially refers to the repair of justice through unilateral imposition of punishment, whereas restorative justice means the repair of jus…
Is Compensation Enough? Relational Concerns in Responding to Unintended Inequity
Traditional justice models suggest that monetary compensation is an adequate response to unintended distributive harm. This perspective is widely accepted in real world settings, and is manifested in policies ranging from worker compensation to the court-based tort system. Drawing on the arguments from relational models of authority, we hypothesize that compensation for losses may be viewed by victims as an inadequate response to the situation, e…
Outcomes as affirmation of membership value: Material compensation as an administrative response to procedural injustice
The moderating and mediating role of group identification in observers' reactions to intragroup disrespect
The current research examines observer reactions to disrespectful treatment of another ingroup member by an ingroup authority. In an empirical study which identifies both the moderating and mediating role of group identification in tandem, specifically with regard to the observed intragroup disrespect, relational motives appeared to underlie subsequent observer evaluations of the group as a whole. Respondents' pre‐transgression identification wit…
Punishment as restoration of group and offender values following a transgression: Value consensus through symbolic labelling and offender reform
Justice theory has suggested that transgressions pose a threat to the shared values that underlie broken rules or laws, suggesting that in order to address concerns over the values violated by an offence, perceived consensus regarding those values must be reaffirmed. However, little empirical research has been conducted examining how legal responses can address those value concerns. In the current research we argue that punishments, as a common r…
Beyond Retribution: Conceptualizing Restorative Justice and Exploring its Determinants
Is Forgiveness an Outcome or Initiator of Sociocognitive Processes? Rumination, Empathy, and Cognitive Appraisals Following a Transgression
Forgiveness is often understood as the outcome of sociocognitive processes including appraisals of transgression severity and offender responsibility, rumination, and empathy for the offender. Alternatively, forgiveness may be understood as the initiator of such sociocognitive processes; a decision, intuition, or act that elicits reappraisals, reduces ruminative thought, and leads to a repositioning to the offender. The authors tested these two c…
The Price of Power: Power Seeking and Backlash Against Female Politicians
Two experimental studies examined the effect of power-seeking intentions on backlash toward women in political office. It was hypothesized that a female politician's career progress may be hindered by the belief that she seeks power, as this desire may violate prescribed communal expectations for women and thereby elicit interpersonal penalties. Results suggested that voting preferences for female candidates were negatively influenced by her powe…
How acts of forgiveness restore a sense of justice: Addressing status/power and value concerns raised by transgressions
Commonly it is understood that forgiveness means sacrificing justice. However, the present study shows that the act of forgiving can increase a sense of justice, which in turn facilitates benevolent sentiments towards the offender. University students ( N = 88) imagined themselves as victims and, after the offender either did or did not offer an apology , they either were or were not instructed to express their forgiveness to the offender (via an…
Justice through consensus: Shared identity and the preference for a restorative notion of justice
We propose a concept of restorative justice as a sense of justice deriving from consensus about, and the reaffirmation of, values violated by an offence (in contrast to punishment‐based retributive justice). Victims should be more likely to seek restorative justice (and less likely retributive justice) when they perceive to share a relevant identity with the offender. In Study 1, when the relevant identity (university affiliation) shared with the…
The symbolic identity implications of inter and intra‐group transgressions
The current investigation proposes that symbolic identity concerns underlie retributive desires following a transgression, but that the type of identity concern that primarily drives that retribution varies between intra and intergroup contexts. More specifically, a respondent's social identity may be threatened by calling into question his or her ingroup's status and power in the larger superordinate society, a concern that is particularly relev…
Punitive versus compensatory reactions to injustice: Emotional antecedents to third-party interventions
The Other Side of Perspective Taking: Transgression Ambiguity and Victims' Revenge Against Their Offender
The current investigation examined the untested effects of perspective taking on revenge. After taking the perspective of their offender (or not), victims of an experimentally induced injustice were given the opportunity to exact revenge. When the violation was ambiguous, perspective taking resulted in favorable attribution biases and reduced revenge. In contrast, perspective taking increased desires for revenge when the violation was clear. Both…
Third-party punishment and symbolic intragroup status
Effort in the face of difference: Feeling like a non‐prototypical group member motivates effort
Three studies examined the relationship between individuals' perceived “prototypicality” in a group, their subsequent self‐presentation goals, and individual effort in that group. Consistent with the finding that feelings of marginal ingroup membership status elicit a desire to seek stronger social connections within ingroups, we predicted that non‐prototypical group members will have more salient self‐presentation goals than prototypical members…
The varying meaning of forgiveness: Relationship closeness moderates how forgiveness affects feelings of justice
Psychological research has repeatedly shown that victims are more likely to forgive socially close than distant others, but little research has addressed the question whether forgiveness in these two cases actually has the same psychological meaning. As one approach to this issue, the present research investigates how acts of forgiveness aid the restoration of victims' justice feelings through different processes, depending on the closeness of th…
The “Bad Parent” Assumption: How Gender Stereotypes Affect Reactions to Working Mothers
Although balancing work and family commitments is a significant source of strain for working parents, working mothers in traditionally male positions face additional anxiety due to unfounded assumptions about their competence as employees, assumptions rooted in gender stereotypes. However, stereotype‐based assumptions can also bias competence impressions of these working mothers in family domains, depicting them as bad parents. In four experiment…
Do Retributive and Restorative Justice Processes Address Different Symbolic Concerns
Refusing to apologize can have psychological benefits (and we issue no mea culpa for this research finding)
Despite an understanding of the perception and consequences of apologies for their recipients, little is known about the consequences of interpersonal apologies, or their denial, for the offending actor. In two empirical studies, we examined the unexplored psychological consequences that follow from a harm‐doer's explicit refusal to apologize. Results showed that the act of refusing to apologize resulted in greater self‐esteem than not refusing t…
Toward More Interesting Research Questions: Problematizing Theory in Social Justice
We forgive”: A group’s act of forgiveness and its restorative effects on members’ feelings of justice and sentiments towards the offender group
Although typically conceptualized as a reconciliation outcome, we propose that intergroup forgiveness can also be construed as a decision or course of action that advances justice and positive intergroup sentiments among members of the victimized group. However, the process through which this occurs depends on the perceived differentiation between the groups. Following intergroup transgressions staged in the laboratory (Study 1) or reported in ne…
Apologies demanded yet devalued: Normative dilution in the age of apology
Expanding the Horizons of Social Justice Research: Three Essays on Justice Theory
Differences in sensitivity to deviance partly explain ideological divides in social policy support
We propose that political differences in social policy support may be partly driven by the tendency for conservatives to show greater sensitivity to deviance than liberals, even among targets lacking social or functional relevance. In 3 studies, participants were shown geometric figures and were asked to identify the extent to which they were "triangles" (or circles, squares, etc.). More conservative participants reported greater differentiation …
The appraisal gap: Why victim and transgressor groups disagree on the need for a collective apology
After an intergroup transgression, victims often advocate for a collective apology that the transgressor group is reluctant to provide. We argue that this is partly caused by a discrepancy in the extent to which victim and perpetrator group members appraise transgressions through an intergroup lens. In three experiments, participants read about individuals assaulting members of a racial out‐group. Consistent with predictions, victim group members…
Psychology (41 works) · Social Psychology (41 works) · Political science (26 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (22 works) · Law (19 works) · Forgiveness and Related Behaviors (18 works) · Economic Justice (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Forgiveness (14 works) · Perception (13 works)