Nancy L Fleischer
Biographic Data
| ID | 113883 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Nancy L Fleischer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Nancy L |
| FAMILY NAME | Fleischer |
| SIGNATURE | FLEISCHER N L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4371-9133 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 63 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 71 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 63 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Adverse birth outcomes and intergenerational exposure to multiple dimensions of structural racism among Black families in the U.S. South
In cross-sectional studies from the United States, single indicators of structural racism have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Yet little is known about multidimensional measures of structural racism and birth outcomes, or about the impact of such measurement across generations. We constructed a multidimensional measure of structural racism and linked it to a multigenerational birth outcomes dataset of Black women from South Carolina…
Developing an Intergenerational Model of Structural Racism Exposure among Women in Black Families in South Carolina, 1989–2020
Structural racism is a key driver of health inequities among Black Americans, yet its measurement remains inconsistent. This study introduces a multigenerational model of exposure to structural racism across five domains—criminal justice, economic opportunity, educational resources, political participation, and residential segregation—among Black women in South Carolina from 1989 to 2020. It addresses key gaps by applying a lifecourse perspective…
Prospective associations between Long Covid and mental health: Evidence from a population-based study with a nearly three-year follow-up
Our findings that Long COVID is associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms after 3 years of follow-up highlight the need to monitor the mental health of adults with Long COVID
Joint impact of cigarette taxes and smoke-free laws on youth cigarette smoking and related disparities in the USA
We found some evidence that taxes and smoke-free laws may work jointly to reduce cigarette smoking in certain youth populations. Policymakers should consider the complex tobacco control landscape and its effects on subpopulations when introducing laws
SimSmoke simulation models by educational status: Past and future US trends and the potential role of policy
We found major differences in the initial levels and rates of decline in smoking prevalence by education, leading to widening health inequities. Further study is warranted on education-related policy impacts and the relationship of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other non-cigarette product use to cigarette use
Black/White disparities in low birth weight across maternal trajectories of social mobility in South Carolina
Trends in youth opinions about police agencies in the United States, 2017–2021
Introduction: As civil unrest about policing in the United States (US) continue, research on changing opinions about police agencies is needed, especially among younger populations. These opinions may be associated with distress and other health outcomes that come with public health implications. Methods: We aggregated and used yearly 2017 to 2021 data on 12th-grade youth living in the US from the Monitoring the Future cross-sectional study (n = …
Cross‐sectional population‐based estimates of a rural‐urban disparity in prevalence of long Covid among Michigan adults with polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed Covid‐19, 2020‐2022
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Associations Between Covid-19 Stigma and Mental Health in a Population-Based Study of Adults with Sars-CoV-2 Infection
Introduction: Many individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) faced stigmatization, which may contribute to poor health. However, very few studies have explored the relationship between COVID-19 stigma and health, and even less is known about differences in the relationship by race and ethnicity. This article examines associations between COVID-19 stigma and mental health overall and by race and ethnicity. Methods: We used a population-…
US Tobacco 21 Policies and Potential Mortality Reductions by State
This study found that early adoption and implementation of T21 policies maximizes potential premature mortality reductions. However, the strength of T21 policies and enforcement varies widely across states. Enforcement of the federal T21 law is critical in the 8 states without state-level T21 cigarette policies of their own
Racial/ethnic differences in the association between transgender-related U.S. state policies and self-rated health of transgender women
The policies included in this analysis do not mitigate racism's effects on access to resources, indicating they may be less impactful for transgender women of color than White transgender women. Future research and policy advocacy efforts promoting transgender women's health must center racial equity as well as transgender people of color's priorities
Generational and Sociodemographic Differences in the Impact of Educational Expectations on Bachelor’s Degree Completion: The Monitoring the Future Study
Previous work has documented the rise of educational expectations among U.S. adolescents and the change in its ability to predict future educational attainment. However, studies have yet to examine these longitudinal changes across generational birth cohorts defined by ever-shifting social norms, cultural contexts, and social policies. Using Monitoring the Future Study panel data, we conducted cohort-stratified modified Poisson regression models …
School Segregation During Adolescence is Associated with Higher 30-Year Cardiovascular Risk of Black but not White Young Adults
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Problems and Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among US Emerging Adults
Disparities in Covid-19 Hospitalization at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity and Income
Discrimination and Tobacco Use Outcomes Among US Adults: Effect Modification by Race/Ethnicity
Do Police Encounters Increase the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease? Police Encounters and Framingham 30-Year Cardiovascular Risk Score
Residential Segregation and Framingham 30-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Black and White Young Adults in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Televised Anti-Tobacco Media and Smoking Outcomes Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Adults in the United States
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of smoking is higher among sexual minority (SM) individuals compared with heterosexuals. The impact of televised anti-tobacco mass media campaigns on smoking outcomes among SMs is not known. AIMS: We examined whether televised anti-tobacco advertising was differentially associated with current smoking and smoking intensity for SM and heterosexual adults. METHOD: We combined county-level anti-tobacco advertising data (gr…
Latent Classes of Tobacco and Cannabis Use among Youth and Young Adults in the United States
Background: Research characterizing patterns of tobacco and cannabis use by product type and route of administration among youth and young adults (YAs) is limited. Methods: We conducted latent class analysis of tobacco and cannabis use (i.e., cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, blunts, cannabis vaping, and other cannabis use (without blunting/vaping)) among youth (ages 15-17) and YAs (ages 18-24) who used at least one…
Differential care-seeking behaviors during the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Michigan: A population-based cross-sectional study
Our results suggest differential utilization of healthcare services early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analyses are needed to examine the reasons for these differences
Prevalence and predictors of perceived Covid-19 stigma within a population-based sample of adults with Covid-19
We found that populations who are marginalized in United States, such as females, non-Hispanic Black adults, or individuals with chronic conditions, are more likely to report perceived COVID-19 stigma. Continuing to monitor COVID-19 stigma, especially in vulnerable populations, may provide useful insights for anti-stigma campaigns and future pandemics
The longitudinal association between coupon receipt and established cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in USA
These findings show that receiving tobacco coupons may increase the likelihood that young adults will initiate established cigarette smoking, underscoring the need to address the effects of this tobacco marketing tactic
Institutional Racism and Health: A Framework for Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis
Vicarious structural racism and infant health disparities in Michigan: The Flint Water Crisis
Building on nascent literature examining the health-related effects of vicarious structural racism, we examined indirect exposure to the Flint Water Crisis (FWC) as a predictor of birth outcomes in Michigan communities outside of Flint, where residents were not directly exposed to lead-contaminated water. Using linear regression models, we analyzed records for all singleton live births in Michigan from 2013 to 2016, excluding Flint, to determine …
An examination of health selection among U.S. immigrants using multi-national data
Institutional Racism and Health: A Framework for Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis
Changes in health selection of obesity among Mexican immigrants: A binational examination
Social Patterning of Chronic Disease Risk Factors in a Latin American City
Using directed acyclic graphs to guide analyses of neighbourhood health effects: An introduction
BACKGROUND: Directed acyclic graphs, or DAGs, are a useful graphical tool in epidemiologic research that can help identify appropriate analytical strategies in addition to potential unintended consequences of commonly used methods such as conditioning on mediators. The use of DAGs can be particularly informative in the study of the causal effects of social factors on health. METHODS: The authors consider four specific scenarios in which DAGs may …
Socioeconomic Gradients in Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Middle-Income Countries: Evidence of Effect Modification by Urbanicity in Argentina
Objectives. We investigated associations of socioeconomic position (SEP) with chronic disease risk factors, and heterogeneity in this patterning by provincial-level urbanicity in Argentina. Methods. We used generalized estimating equations to determine the relationship between SEP and body mass index, high blood pressure, diabetes, low physical activity, and eating fruit and vegetables, and examined heterogeneity by urbanicity with nationally rep…
Built environment characteristics and perceived active park use among older adults: Results from a multilevel study in Bogotá
Estimating the potential impacts of intervention from observational data: Methods for estimating causal attributable risk in a cross-sectional analysis of depressive symptoms in Latin America: Table 1
BACKGROUND: The field of epidemiology struggles both with enhancing causal inference in observational studies and providing useful information for policy makers and public health workers focusing on interventions. Population intervention models, analogous to population attributable fractions, estimate the causal impact of interventions in a population, and are one option for understanding the relative importance of various risk factors. With popu…
Does neighborhood social cohesion modify the relationship between neighborhood social norms and smoking behaviors in Mexico
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Problems and Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among US Emerging Adults
Discrimination and Tobacco Use Outcomes Among US Adults: Effect Modification by Race/Ethnicity
Key Factors Inhibiting Legislative Progress Toward Smoke-Free Coverage in Appalachia
The Appalachian Region has among the highest rates of smoking and smoking-related illness in the United States. Strong smoke-free legislation could help protect nonsmoking residents from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. However, there is a dearth of state, county, city, and subcounty smoke-free law coverage throughout Appalachia. As of July 2016, only 21% of Appalachian residents were covered by comprehensive smoke-free laws (i.e., 100% c…
The impact of neighbourhood violence and social cohesion on smoking behaviours among a cohort of smokers in Mexico
BACKGROUND: Recent increases in violent crime may impact a variety of health outcomes in Mexico. We examined relationships between neighbourhood-level violence and smoking behaviours in a cohort of Mexican smokers from 2011 to 2012, and whether neighbourhood-level social cohesion modified these relationships. METHODS: Data were analysed from adult smokers and recent ex-smokers who participated in waves 5 and 6 of the International Tobacco Control…
Salud auto-referida y desigualdades sociales, ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2005
La salud auto-referida es un indicador de calidad de vida. ¿Cuál es el impacto de las características socioeconómicas a nivel individual y a nivel de la vecindad, consideradas simultáneamente, en el estado de salud auto-referida a nivel individual? Diseño de análisis multinivel con dos niveles: individual y vecindad. Las fuentes de información fueron: Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo (muestreo probabilístico multietápico) y Censo Poblacion…
Social Patterning of Chronic Disease Risk Factors in a Latin American City
Using directed acyclic graphs to guide analyses of neighbourhood health effects: An introduction
BACKGROUND: Directed acyclic graphs, or DAGs, are a useful graphical tool in epidemiologic research that can help identify appropriate analytical strategies in addition to potential unintended consequences of commonly used methods such as conditioning on mediators. The use of DAGs can be particularly informative in the study of the causal effects of social factors on health. METHODS: The authors consider four specific scenarios in which DAGs may …
Salud auto-referida y desigualdades sociales, ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2005
La salud auto-referida es un indicador de calidad de vida. ¿Cuál es el impacto de las características socioeconómicas a nivel individual y a nivel de la vecindad, consideradas simultáneamente, en el estado de salud auto-referida a nivel individual? Diseño de análisis multinivel con dos niveles: individual y vecindad. Las fuentes de información fueron: Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo (muestreo probabilístico multietápico) y Censo Poblacion…
To GEE or Not to GEE: Comparing Population Average and Mixed Models for Estimating the Associations Between Neighborhood Risk Factors and Health
Two modeling approaches are commonly used to estimate the associations between neighborhood characteristics and individual-level health outcomes in multilevel studies (subjects within neighborhoods). Random effects models (or mixed models) use maximum likelihood estimation. Population average models typically use a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach. These methods are used in place of basic regression approaches because the health of …
Built environment characteristics and perceived active park use among older adults: Results from a multilevel study in Bogotá
Estimating the potential impacts of intervention from observational data: Methods for estimating causal attributable risk in a cross-sectional analysis of depressive symptoms in Latin America: Table 1
BACKGROUND: The field of epidemiology struggles both with enhancing causal inference in observational studies and providing useful information for policy makers and public health workers focusing on interventions. Population intervention models, analogous to population attributable fractions, estimate the causal impact of interventions in a population, and are one option for understanding the relative importance of various risk factors. With popu…
Socioeconomic Gradients in Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Middle-Income Countries: Evidence of Effect Modification by Urbanicity in Argentina
Objectives. We investigated associations of socioeconomic position (SEP) with chronic disease risk factors, and heterogeneity in this patterning by provincial-level urbanicity in Argentina. Methods. We used generalized estimating equations to determine the relationship between SEP and body mass index, high blood pressure, diabetes, low physical activity, and eating fruit and vegetables, and examined heterogeneity by urbanicity with nationally rep…
Extending the income inequality hypothesis: Ecological results from the 2005 and 2009 Argentine National Risk Factor Surveys
A consensus on income inequality as a social determinant of health is yet to be reached. In particular, we know little about the cross-sectional versus lagged effect of inequality and the robustness of the relationship to indicators that are sensitive to varying parts of the income spectrum. We test these issues with data from Argentina's 2005 and 2009 National Risk Factor Surveys. Inequality was operationalised at the provincial level with the G…
Inequidades en enfermedades cardiovasculares en Latinoamérica
In high-income countries, social inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are well-documented. Although Latin America has a rich history of theory and conceptual discussion regarding social inequalities in health, empirical research has been more limited. In this commentary we summarize recent empirical work on social inequalities in CVD risk in Latin America, and highlight key research needs as well as implications for prevention. Altho…
Increasing availability and consumption of single cigarettes: Trends and implications for smoking cessation from the ITC Mexico Survey
Single cigarettes appear widely accessible in Mexico and growing in availability. Future research should explore potential explanations, consequences and effective methods for reducing the availability of single cigarettes
Neighbourhood deprivation and smoking and quit behaviour among smokers in Mexico: Findings from the ITC Mexico Survey
Neighbourhood socioeconomic environments in Mexico appear to operate in an opposing manner to those in HICs. Further research should investigate whether rapid implementation of strong tobacco control policies in LMICs, as occurred in Mexico during the follow-up period, avoids the concentration of tobacco-related disparities among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups
Changes in health selection of obesity among Mexican immigrants: A binational examination
The impact of neighbourhood violence and social cohesion on smoking behaviours among a cohort of smokers in Mexico
BACKGROUND: Recent increases in violent crime may impact a variety of health outcomes in Mexico. We examined relationships between neighbourhood-level violence and smoking behaviours in a cohort of Mexican smokers from 2011 to 2012, and whether neighbourhood-level social cohesion modified these relationships. METHODS: Data were analysed from adult smokers and recent ex-smokers who participated in waves 5 and 6 of the International Tobacco Control…
Mexico SimSmoke: How changes in tobacco control policies would impact smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths in Mexico
We examined the effect of tobacco control policies in Mexico on smoking prevalence and smoking-related deaths using the Mexico SimSmoke model. The model is based on the previously developed SimSmoke simulation model of tobacco control policy, and uses population size, smoking rates and tobacco control policy data for Mexico. It assesses, individually, and in combination, the effect of six tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking…
Does neighborhood social cohesion modify the relationship between neighborhood social norms and smoking behaviors in Mexico
An examination of health selection among U.S. immigrants using multi-national data
Smoking Trends among U.S. Latinos, 1998–2013: The Impact of Immigrant Arrival Cohort
Few studies examine nativity disparities in smoking in the U.S., thus a major gap remains in understanding whether immigrant Latinos' smoking prevalence is stable, converging, or diverging, compared with U.S.-born Latinos. This study aimed to disentangle the roles of period changes, duration of U.S. residence, and immigrant arrival cohort in explaining the gap in smoking prevalence between foreign-born and U.S.-born Latinos. Using repeated cross-…
Network-based and cohesion-based social capital and variations in depressive symptoms among Taiwanese adults
BACKGROUND: Network- and cohesion-based social capital may play an important role in improving mental health. However, there is limited understanding about these relationships among adults in Taiwan. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the association between individual-level network and cohesion-based social capital and depressive symptoms among a population-based sample of Taiwanese adults. METHODS: = 2,598). The 20-item Center for Epidem…
The South Carolina Multigenerational Linked Birth Dataset: Developing Social Mobility Measures Across Generations to Understand Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Birth Outcomes in the US South
Disentangling the roles of point-of-sale ban, tobacco retailer density and proximity on cessation and relapse among a cohort of smokers: Findings from ITC Canada Survey
Banning POS retail displays shows promise as an additional tool to prevent relapse, although these results need to be confirmed in larger longitudinal studies
The role of social norms and socioeconomic status in smoking-related stigma among smokers in Mexico and Uruguay
Policies that promote the social unacceptability of smoking may also result in smoking-related stigma. The aim of this study is to evaluate how norms against smoking and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with stigma among smokers. We used data from a panel of adult smokers who participated in the 2008–2012 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico (n = 6670 observations) and Uruguay (n = 3296 …
Key Factors Inhibiting Legislative Progress Toward Smoke-Free Coverage in Appalachia
The Appalachian Region has among the highest rates of smoking and smoking-related illness in the United States. Strong smoke-free legislation could help protect nonsmoking residents from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. However, there is a dearth of state, county, city, and subcounty smoke-free law coverage throughout Appalachia. As of July 2016, only 21% of Appalachian residents were covered by comprehensive smoke-free laws (i.e., 100% c…
Smoke-Free Policies and Smoking Cessation in the United States, 2003–2015
(1) Background: Smoking restrictions have been shown to be associated with reduced smoking, but there are a number of gaps in the literature surrounding the relationship between smoke-free policies and cessation, including the extent to which this association may be modified by sociodemographic characteristics. (2) Methods: We analyzed data from the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, 2003-2015, to explore whether multiple me…
Food insecurity, childhood hunger and caregiver life experiences among households with children in South Carolina, USA
Objective: We explored how positive and negative life experiences of caregivers are associated with household food insecurity. Design: The Midlands Family Study (MFS) was a cross-sectional study with three levels of household food security: food secure, food insecure without child hunger and food insecure with child hunger. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used for analyses of negative and positive life experiences (number, impact, type) …
Cigarette taxes, prices, and disparities in current smoking in the United States
Increasing cigarette taxes has been the cornerstone of tobacco control policy. Recent work has argued that raising cigarette taxes alone may no longer be an effective strategy for lowering smoking rates. We largely confirm these findings but also find that increases in price continue to predict lower smoking participation in most model specifications. We argue that raising cigarette prices via taxation remains an effective public health policy. W…
Medicine (55 works) · Demography (43 works) · Environmental health (36 works) · Demography (33 works) · Population (30 works) · Public health (30 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (30 works) · Sociology (27 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (25 works) · Psychology (25 works)