Keith V Bletzer
Biographic Data
| ID | 114257 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Keith V Bletzer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Keith V |
| FAMILY NAME | Bletzer |
| SIGNATURE | BLETZER K V |
| AFFILIATIONS | Arizona State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1782-6074 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 70 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The Mail They Send: An Exploration of Relationship-Building Strategies Utilized by Special Interest Groups
Food and eating in Mexican American agrarian novels: Cultivating a culture of sustenance hospitality in public literature
Literary novels on agricultural workers within the United States provide a context to explore representations of food, eating, and related socio-cultural practices for these people of mobility. This literature on farm labor appeared at junctures in U.S. history, when farmworkers were increasingly Mexican American immigrants, who entered the southwestern United States. Mentions of food and/or eating in farm labor novels highlight a culture of sust…
Zooming in on the Covid-19 Pandemic in Community College Classrooms: Experiments with a Pedagogy of Place in Anthropology Courses
Reflecting on our recent experience of online teaching with mainly historically marginalized students at the U.S.-Mexico border, we emphasize the importance of engaging a critical pedagogy of place by creating communities of trust. We describe how the COVID-19 pandemic was experienced among us and our students, focusing on how it impacted practical aspects and the context of our teaching. We discuss four teaching strategies we implemented during …
Shifting from Village-Based Networks to Locally Generated Networks: Undocumented Mexican Agricultural Workers Who Use/Used Hard Drugs
Hardships that face transmigrants working in agriculture include the potential for drug use. Reliant on village-based networks that facilitate border crossing and developing a plan for a destination within this country, transmigrants who try new drugs/alcohol and/or continue on accustomed drugs/alcohol are facilitated in these endeavors through locally generated networks as alternative forms of access and support. Seven cases of undocumented men …
Mexican Trans-Migrants and Their Experience on Both Sides of the Border: Intimacy and Distance Through Use of Deictic Referents
Immigration produces change, not only in sending areas and receiving areas, but most importantly, within the individual lives of men and women who migrate.For those who perform farm labor, these transformations are affected by travel and employment in agricultural work in multiple areas over time.The anchor for identity represents the life of one's past, wherever one might wish to place an emphasis in self-narrative.For the cases presented in thi…
From Parallel to Intersecting Narratives in Cases of Sexual Assault
Restorative justice alternatives to criminal justice are designed to balance the needs of victims, offenders, families, friends, and the community at large to achieve social justice, repair of victims, and deterrence of crime. In the model we evaluated from RESTORE (Responsibility and Equity for Sexual Transgressions Offering a Restorative Experience), each offender and victim received individual services and met in guided conferencing to mutuall…
From Parallel to Intersecting Narratives in Cases of Sexual Assault
Restorative justice alternatives to criminal justice are designed to balance the needs of victims, offenders, families, friends, and the community at large to achieve social justice, repair of victims, and deterrence of crime. In the model we evaluated from RESTORE (Responsibility and Equity for Sexual Transgressions Offering a Restorative Experience), each offender and victim received individual services and met in guided conferencing to mutuall…
Agricultural Workers: Field Research with an Imagined Community that is Mobile and Hard-to-Reach
Fieldwork strategies are showing increasing concern about contributing something of value to the local community, where one has conducted research.This concern for payback has centered on countermanding the obvious, visible benefits to individual researchers, or a research team, than whatever contributions have gone to the community, which are likely to be much less visible.Alternatives to direct community contributions include sharing expertise …
Taking Humor Seriously: Talking about Drinking in Native American Focus Groups
Focus groups provide a source of data that highlight community ideas on a topic of interest. How interview data will be utilized varies by project. With this in mind, we identify ways that focus group data from a particular population (Native American) articulate a health issue of individual tribal concern (alcohol consumption). Taking our analytic framework from linguistics, one of the four fields of inquiry in anthropology, we examine format ti…
Modification of Social Identity in Experience-Toughened Trans-Migrant Agricultural Workers~!2009-08-25~!2010-01-18~!2010-03-22
Diversion and subversion occur in the playful humor in which trans-migrant farm workers engage to alleviate the gruffness and roughness of farm labor and to re-assert the human potential for creativity, with words, if not in action and behavior. This essay considers nuances of the humor response in formal interviews as markers of significant points of transition. Narrators use humor to reflect on alterations in behavioral experience that directly…
Modulation of Drug Use in Southern Farming Communities: Social Origins of Poly-use
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Keith Bletzer; Modulation of Drug Use in Southern Farming Communities: Social Origins of Poly-use. Human Organization 1 September 2009; 68 (3): 340–349. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.68.3.84307210k41r0p1q Download citation file: Ris …
Variation in Drug and Alcohol Use among Agricultural Laborers: Watermelon Men in the Rural South
Agricultural workers in general face the impact of daily structural and symbolic violence, which can lead to excessive use of drugs and alcohol. "Watermelon Men" who dedicate themselves to watermelon harvesting have high use levels owing to the way that accommodations and work are organized over a labor-intensive short season. This article combines data from a risk assessment of 681 individuals in a winter home-base community and multi-site ethno…
Performing Substitute Teaching
Identity and Resilience Among Persons With HIV: A Rural African American Experience
In this article, the author contrasts the disruption model proposed by Becker (1997) against the life trajectories of two persons who used and sold drugs; considers the impact of engagement and discontinuation of substance use on their respective lives; and examines the process of life reorganization they put into motion after testing positive for HIV. Their departure from the world of drugs removed each from an unwanted lifestyle, facilitated th…
Sex workers in agricultural areas: Their drugs, their children
Most research on female sex workers is urban-based, emphasizing economic necessity and risk-taking. Few authors discuss sex workers and their children. The objective of the present study was to ethnographically explore the influence of street life on childrearing by women involved in sex work in agricultural areas of the southeastern USA. Interviews took place with 38 women. Findings suggest that the sampled women followed the usual paths into su…
After-Rape Among Three Populations in the Southwest: A Time of Mourning, a Time for Recovery
Narrative analysis of open-ended interviews with 62 female survivors of rape from three populations in the Southwest (Native American, Mexican American, Anglo) uncovered commonalities and dissimilarities in women's description of their experience of afterrape (rape survival). Although all three groups reported experiences that confirm aspects of prior analyses of reactions to rape, the narrative analysis highlights variations in reactions to rape…
Onset of Substance use among Transnational and Domestic Agricultural Workers: Social Relations and Place of Initiation
Farm workers differ from both urban and rural populations by their short-term, irregular employment and, for those who migrate, frequent travel. Overall, they enjoy few of the work benefits of other occupations, and they generally include members of minority populations that experience high levels of drug use. As such, they comprise an ideal population for the study of initiation of substance use. Although most farm workers have rural backgrounds…
Narrative Constructions of Sexual Violence as Told by Female Rape Survivors in Three Populations of the Southwestern United States: Scripts of Coercion, Scripts of Consent
There is a growing literature on the narrative construction of rape as sexual violence. This is puzzling, since, in certain contexts, violence may stifle narrative production. Researchers of atrocities, for example, propose that the experience of recurring terror disrupts narrative cohesion in reporting lived trauma. Genocidal horror occurs in the context of communities and ethnic groups. Our rape survival data from women of three populations in …
Open towns and manipulated indebtedness among agricultural workers in the New South
Reselling consumable commodities like food, alcohol, and cigarettes to agricultural workers has long been a strategy of control and indebtedness used by North American labor bosses to manage workers in situations of demanding and risky work. Recent inclusion of crack cocaine among advanced commodities has brought new risks for workers, as it has permitted them a precarious means to enter a once-restricted resale domain, and it has altered strateg…
Latino Naming Practices of Small-Town Businesses in Rural Southern Florida
This article examines naming practices of Latino grocery stores and restaurants in an eighteen-county area of southern Florida. Business names denote cultural affinity and personal whims, and, like other forms of Latino cultural expression, they are drawn from cultural roots of owners and clientele to connote flavor and pride of Latino identity. Unlike other art or literary forms, however, business names reflect a commercial accommodation to tech…
Risk and Danger among Women-Who-Prostitute in Areas where Farmworkers Predominate
Based on ethnographic research in three agricultural settings in Florida, this article examines one aspect of risk ana danger for female sex workers, that of interpersonal violence, while considering women's responses to a shifting sex trade in areas where farmworkers live and work. Sex work in agricultural areas varies from urban sex work. Women eschew pimps, ask for backup from local men entrenched in street settings, and canvass a wide spatial…
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of Aids
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of AIDS. Claire E. Sterk Putnam Valley, NY: Social Change Press, 2000. 178 pp
The Selling of Barrier Protection, the Telling of Organic Sociability
Culture and Sexual Risk: Anthropological Perspectives on Aids; Aids Crossing Borders: The Spread of HIV among Migrant Latinos; Aids in Africa and the Caribbean
Culture and Sexual Risk: Anthropological Perspectives on AIDS. Han ten Brummelhuis and Gilbert Herdt. eds. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1995 (paper). xxvii. 355 pp. AIDS Crossing Borders: The Spread of HIV among Migrant Latinos. Shiraz I. Mishra. Ross F. Conner. J. Raul Magaña. eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press,1996(cloth). +214 pp. AIDS in Africa and the Caribbean. George C. Bond. John Kreniske. Ida Susser. Joan Vincent. eds. Boulder,…
Sex, Drugs, and the Spread of HIV/Aids in Belle Glade, Florida
Belle Glade, Florida, an agricultural community in the heart of the state's vegetable and sugar cane production areas, has the highest cumulative per capita incidence of AIDS in the United States. A risk reduction intervention program was introduced to lessen unsafe AIDS-related behaviors and to generate data on the epidemiology of HIV infection. Initial attention focused on individuals who were believed to be at the core of the transmission patt…
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of Aids
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of AIDS. Claire E. Sterk Putnam Valley, NY: Social Change Press, 2000. 178 pp
Identity and Resilience Among Persons With HIV: A Rural African American Experience
In this article, the author contrasts the disruption model proposed by Becker (1997) against the life trajectories of two persons who used and sold drugs; considers the impact of engagement and discontinuation of substance use on their respective lives; and examines the process of life reorganization they put into motion after testing positive for HIV. Their departure from the world of drugs removed each from an unwanted lifestyle, facilitated th…
Open towns and manipulated indebtedness among agricultural workers in the New South
Reselling consumable commodities like food, alcohol, and cigarettes to agricultural workers has long been a strategy of control and indebtedness used by North American labor bosses to manage workers in situations of demanding and risky work. Recent inclusion of crack cocaine among advanced commodities has brought new risks for workers, as it has permitted them a precarious means to enter a once-restricted resale domain, and it has altered strateg…
Risk and Danger among Women-Who-Prostitute in Areas where Farmworkers Predominate
Based on ethnographic research in three agricultural settings in Florida, this article examines one aspect of risk ana danger for female sex workers, that of interpersonal violence, while considering women's responses to a shifting sex trade in areas where farmworkers live and work. Sex work in agricultural areas varies from urban sex work. Women eschew pimps, ask for backup from local men entrenched in street settings, and canvass a wide spatial…
Onset of Substance use among Transnational and Domestic Agricultural Workers: Social Relations and Place of Initiation
Farm workers differ from both urban and rural populations by their short-term, irregular employment and, for those who migrate, frequent travel. Overall, they enjoy few of the work benefits of other occupations, and they generally include members of minority populations that experience high levels of drug use. As such, they comprise an ideal population for the study of initiation of substance use. Although most farm workers have rural backgrounds…
Sex, Drugs, and the Spread of HIV/Aids in Belle Glade, Florida
Belle Glade, Florida, an agricultural community in the heart of the state's vegetable and sugar cane production areas, has the highest cumulative per capita incidence of AIDS in the United States. A risk reduction intervention program was introduced to lessen unsafe AIDS-related behaviors and to generate data on the epidemiology of HIV infection. Initial attention focused on individuals who were believed to be at the core of the transmission patt…
Taking Humor Seriously: Talking about Drinking in Native American Focus Groups
Focus groups provide a source of data that highlight community ideas on a topic of interest. How interview data will be utilized varies by project. With this in mind, we identify ways that focus group data from a particular population (Native American) articulate a health issue of individual tribal concern (alcohol consumption). Taking our analytic framework from linguistics, one of the four fields of inquiry in anthropology, we examine format ti…
After-Rape Among Three Populations in the Southwest: A Time of Mourning, a Time for Recovery
Narrative analysis of open-ended interviews with 62 female survivors of rape from three populations in the Southwest (Native American, Mexican American, Anglo) uncovered commonalities and dissimilarities in women's description of their experience of afterrape (rape survival). Although all three groups reported experiences that confirm aspects of prior analyses of reactions to rape, the narrative analysis highlights variations in reactions to rape…
Narrative Constructions of Sexual Violence as Told by Female Rape Survivors in Three Populations of the Southwestern United States: Scripts of Coercion, Scripts of Consent
There is a growing literature on the narrative construction of rape as sexual violence. This is puzzling, since, in certain contexts, violence may stifle narrative production. Researchers of atrocities, for example, propose that the experience of recurring terror disrupts narrative cohesion in reporting lived trauma. Genocidal horror occurs in the context of communities and ethnic groups. Our rape survival data from women of three populations in …
Mexican Trans-Migrants and Their Experience on Both Sides of the Border: Intimacy and Distance Through Use of Deictic Referents
Immigration produces change, not only in sending areas and receiving areas, but most importantly, within the individual lives of men and women who migrate.For those who perform farm labor, these transformations are affected by travel and employment in agricultural work in multiple areas over time.The anchor for identity represents the life of one's past, wherever one might wish to place an emphasis in self-narrative.For the cases presented in thi…
Variation in Drug and Alcohol Use among Agricultural Laborers: Watermelon Men in the Rural South
Agricultural workers in general face the impact of daily structural and symbolic violence, which can lead to excessive use of drugs and alcohol. "Watermelon Men" who dedicate themselves to watermelon harvesting have high use levels owing to the way that accommodations and work are organized over a labor-intensive short season. This article combines data from a risk assessment of 681 individuals in a winter home-base community and multi-site ethno…
Latino Naming Practices of Small-Town Businesses in Rural Southern Florida
This article examines naming practices of Latino grocery stores and restaurants in an eighteen-county area of southern Florida. Business names denote cultural affinity and personal whims, and, like other forms of Latino cultural expression, they are drawn from cultural roots of owners and clientele to connote flavor and pride of Latino identity. Unlike other art or literary forms, however, business names reflect a commercial accommodation to tech…
Biobehavioral Characteristics of a Culture-Bound Syndrome Perceived as Life-Threatening Illness
A loss of consciousness for most of a 4-day period characterizes a culture-bound syndrome known as ha ko botika that occurs among the Ngawbere, an indigenous population of northwestern Panama. The afflicted person remains immobile and does not eat, drink, speak, or respond to stimuli after onset of illness; then the afflicted person gradually begins to resume normative functioning and returns to participation in Ngawbere society. The 4-day illnes…
Fleeing hysteria(chakore)among ngawbere of northwestern panama: A preliminary analysis and comparison with similar illness phenomena in other settings
(1985). Fleeing hysteria (chakore) among ngawbere of northwestern panama: A preliminary analysis and comparison with similar illness phenomena in other settings. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 297-318
Procedural Adjustments to Census Techniques for Enumerating the Hispanic Population: An Example from Nassau County (New York)
Procedural Adjustments to Census Techniques for Enumerating the Hispanic Population: An Example from Nassau County (New York)
A Follow-Up Note on Census Techniques for Enumerating the Hispanic Population
Medical anthropology abroad: An introductory text for medical students in Spain
Reverte C, José Manuel. Antropología Médica, Volume I. Madrid: Editorial Rueda, 1981. xvii + 815 pp. including figures, photographs, and bibliography. $40.00 cloth
Fleeing hysteria(chakore)among ngawbere of northwestern panama: A preliminary analysis and comparison with similar illness phenomena in other settings
(1985). Fleeing hysteria (chakore) among ngawbere of northwestern panama: A preliminary analysis and comparison with similar illness phenomena in other settings. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 297-318
Biobehavioral Characteristics of a Culture-Bound Syndrome Perceived as Life-Threatening Illness
A loss of consciousness for most of a 4-day period characterizes a culture-bound syndrome known as ha ko botika that occurs among the Ngawbere, an indigenous population of northwestern Panama. The afflicted person remains immobile and does not eat, drink, speak, or respond to stimuli after onset of illness; then the afflicted person gradually begins to resume normative functioning and returns to participation in Ngawbere society. The 4-day illnes…
Snakebite Survivors and Exchange Relations in Ngawbe Society
Migrant HIV Education in the Wake of the Aids Crisis
Migrant farm workers are characterized as transient in their quest for employment, poor by conditions not of their own choosing, and prone to excessive health risks. These are the people who work at providing many of the agricultural products which form the basis of the American diet. Yet their humbled circumstances do not keep them from engaging in risk behaviors that may lead to exposure to HIV, nor has their isolation kept them from contact wi…
Perceived Severity: Do They Experience Illness Severity As We Conceive It
This essay examines the concept of perceived severity of illness and argues that careful translation and appropriate operationalization of constructs is important to the validity and reliability of its study. Current methods of measuring illness severity cross-culturally are found lacking in their neglect of local interpretations of this dimension of illness. The implications of an analysis of data from an illness recall survey conducted among th…
Sex, Drugs, and the Spread of HIV/Aids in Belle Glade, Florida
Belle Glade, Florida, an agricultural community in the heart of the state's vegetable and sugar cane production areas, has the highest cumulative per capita incidence of AIDS in the United States. A risk reduction intervention program was introduced to lessen unsafe AIDS-related behaviors and to generate data on the epidemiology of HIV infection. Initial attention focused on individuals who were believed to be at the core of the transmission patt…
Working Poor: Farmworkers in the United States. David Griffith and Ed Kissam, with Jeronimo Campseco, Anna García, Max Pfeffer, David Runsten, and Manuel Valdés Pizzini
The Selling of Barrier Protection, the Telling of Organic Sociability
Culture and Sexual Risk: Anthropological Perspectives on Aids; Aids Crossing Borders: The Spread of HIV among Migrant Latinos; Aids in Africa and the Caribbean
Culture and Sexual Risk: Anthropological Perspectives on AIDS. Han ten Brummelhuis and Gilbert Herdt. eds. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1995 (paper). xxvii. 355 pp. AIDS Crossing Borders: The Spread of HIV among Migrant Latinos. Shiraz I. Mishra. Ross F. Conner. J. Raul Magaña. eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press,1996(cloth). +214 pp. AIDS in Africa and the Caribbean. George C. Bond. John Kreniske. Ida Susser. Joan Vincent. eds. Boulder,…
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of Aids
Tricking and Tripping: Prostitution in the Era of AIDS. Claire E. Sterk Putnam Valley, NY: Social Change Press, 2000. 178 pp
Latino Naming Practices of Small-Town Businesses in Rural Southern Florida
This article examines naming practices of Latino grocery stores and restaurants in an eighteen-county area of southern Florida. Business names denote cultural affinity and personal whims, and, like other forms of Latino cultural expression, they are drawn from cultural roots of owners and clientele to connote flavor and pride of Latino identity. Unlike other art or literary forms, however, business names reflect a commercial accommodation to tech…
Risk and Danger among Women-Who-Prostitute in Areas where Farmworkers Predominate
Based on ethnographic research in three agricultural settings in Florida, this article examines one aspect of risk ana danger for female sex workers, that of interpersonal violence, while considering women's responses to a shifting sex trade in areas where farmworkers live and work. Sex work in agricultural areas varies from urban sex work. Women eschew pimps, ask for backup from local men entrenched in street settings, and canvass a wide spatial…
Onset of Substance use among Transnational and Domestic Agricultural Workers: Social Relations and Place of Initiation
Farm workers differ from both urban and rural populations by their short-term, irregular employment and, for those who migrate, frequent travel. Overall, they enjoy few of the work benefits of other occupations, and they generally include members of minority populations that experience high levels of drug use. As such, they comprise an ideal population for the study of initiation of substance use. Although most farm workers have rural backgrounds…
Narrative Constructions of Sexual Violence as Told by Female Rape Survivors in Three Populations of the Southwestern United States: Scripts of Coercion, Scripts of Consent
There is a growing literature on the narrative construction of rape as sexual violence. This is puzzling, since, in certain contexts, violence may stifle narrative production. Researchers of atrocities, for example, propose that the experience of recurring terror disrupts narrative cohesion in reporting lived trauma. Genocidal horror occurs in the context of communities and ethnic groups. Our rape survival data from women of three populations in …
Open towns and manipulated indebtedness among agricultural workers in the New South
Reselling consumable commodities like food, alcohol, and cigarettes to agricultural workers has long been a strategy of control and indebtedness used by North American labor bosses to manage workers in situations of demanding and risky work. Recent inclusion of crack cocaine among advanced commodities has brought new risks for workers, as it has permitted them a precarious means to enter a once-restricted resale domain, and it has altered strateg…
Sex workers in agricultural areas: Their drugs, their children
Most research on female sex workers is urban-based, emphasizing economic necessity and risk-taking. Few authors discuss sex workers and their children. The objective of the present study was to ethnographically explore the influence of street life on childrearing by women involved in sex work in agricultural areas of the southeastern USA. Interviews took place with 38 women. Findings suggest that the sampled women followed the usual paths into su…
After-Rape Among Three Populations in the Southwest: A Time of Mourning, a Time for Recovery
Narrative analysis of open-ended interviews with 62 female survivors of rape from three populations in the Southwest (Native American, Mexican American, Anglo) uncovered commonalities and dissimilarities in women's description of their experience of afterrape (rape survival). Although all three groups reported experiences that confirm aspects of prior analyses of reactions to rape, the narrative analysis highlights variations in reactions to rape…
Identity and Resilience Among Persons With HIV: A Rural African American Experience
In this article, the author contrasts the disruption model proposed by Becker (1997) against the life trajectories of two persons who used and sold drugs; considers the impact of engagement and discontinuation of substance use on their respective lives; and examines the process of life reorganization they put into motion after testing positive for HIV. Their departure from the world of drugs removed each from an unwanted lifestyle, facilitated th…
Modulation of Drug Use in Southern Farming Communities: Social Origins of Poly-use
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Keith Bletzer; Modulation of Drug Use in Southern Farming Communities: Social Origins of Poly-use. Human Organization 1 September 2009; 68 (3): 340–349. doi: https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.68.3.84307210k41r0p1q Download citation file: Ris …
Variation in Drug and Alcohol Use among Agricultural Laborers: Watermelon Men in the Rural South
Agricultural workers in general face the impact of daily structural and symbolic violence, which can lead to excessive use of drugs and alcohol. "Watermelon Men" who dedicate themselves to watermelon harvesting have high use levels owing to the way that accommodations and work are organized over a labor-intensive short season. This article combines data from a risk assessment of 681 individuals in a winter home-base community and multi-site ethno…
Performing Substitute Teaching
Modification of Social Identity in Experience-Toughened Trans-Migrant Agricultural Workers~!2009-08-25~!2010-01-18~!2010-03-22
Diversion and subversion occur in the playful humor in which trans-migrant farm workers engage to alleviate the gruffness and roughness of farm labor and to re-assert the human potential for creativity, with words, if not in action and behavior. This essay considers nuances of the humor response in formal interviews as markers of significant points of transition. Narrators use humor to reflect on alterations in behavioral experience that directly…
Sociology (24 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Geography (11 works) · History (10 works) · Agriculture (9 works) · Economics (8 works) · Demography (7 works) · History (7 works) · Political science (7 works)