William Butz
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1148743 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William Butz |
| PRENOMES | William |
| SOBRENOME | Butz |
| ASSINATURA | BUTZ W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | United States Department of Commerce |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 12 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 84 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1959 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The Contraceptive Role of Breastfeeding
We review (1) neuro-hormonal mechanisms by which breastfeeding postpones the return of ovulation and menstruation after birth, and (2) various statistical procedures used to analyse this effect in human populations. This review reveals that the biology and the statistical procedures are incompatible. We propose a statistical approach, compatible with present knowledge of physiology, that differentiates between ovulation-inhibiting mechanisms at b…
Environmental factors in the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality
Mothers recall data collected in Malaysia in 1976-77 are analyzed to study correlates of mortality of 5471 infants. Respondent population is 1262 women living in 52 primary sampling units of Peninsular Malaysia. Lengths of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding and presence of piped household water and toilet sanitation are related to infant mortality in regressions that also control other correlates. The analysis is disaggregated into 3 p…
Assessing socioeconomic correlates of birthweight in peninsular Malaysia
How biological and behavioural influences on mortality in Malaysia vary during the first year of life
This study uses retrospective data from the 1976–7 Malaysian Family Life Survey to examine the determinants of infant mortality variations in Peninsular Malaysia. It considers proximate biological correlates of mortality as well as family characteristics and behaviour, and inspects the degree to which some of these latter factors exercise their effects indirectly through more proximate factors. It assesses how these influences and interactions ch…
Interhousehold Transfers and Household Structure in Malaysia
This paper analyzes survey data on informal transfers of money goods and help among Malaysian households in 1976-1977. The annual combined value of these transfers amounts to 86 percent of annual income for households earning less than...1500 [Malaysian dollars] and declines to only 1 percent for households earning more than...30000 [Malaysian dollars]. Blockmodeling is used to group household members who are similar to each other in their transf…
Completed Fertility and Its Timing
This paper presents a dynamic economic model of fertility behavior estimated with age-year-specific U.S. time-series data. The estimated model indicates that couples, on average, time their births to avoid periods when female wage rates are expected to be high, and that most of the observed effect of income and female wages on fertility rates is due to the indirect influence of these variables on couples' wage and income expectations. This paper …
Completed Fertility and its Timing
Presents an economic model of fertility behavior designed to explain and predict both current fertility rates and expected family size emphasizing the distinction between male and female earnings in affecting fertility. It is hypothesized that an increase in husbands earnings raises family income and leads to an increased demand for children. An increase in the wifes income however raises the cost of children due to the rise in the opportunity co…
Will US Fertility Remain Low? A New Economic Interpretation
A method for partitioning the total fertility rate in the United States into 2 period components is developed. 1 component reflects fertility timing the other measures the average completed fertility of women currently in their childbearing years. Estimates of fertility expectations derived from an economic model are reported. The measures of fertility timing and the estimates of fertility expectations are used to analyze the timing component of …
Economic Aspects of Breastfeeding
The Effects of Nutrition and Health on Fertility
The relationship between nutrition socioeconomic development and fertility is logically examined a model describing the interaction between the variables is presented and policy implications flowing from this model are discussed. From a biological standpoint improvements in health and nutrition would be expected to have a positive affect on reproductive capacity; however improved standards of living are negatively related to fertility. Therefore …
An Economic Methodology for Measuring the Benefits of Children
World Affairs
Completed Fertility and Its Timing
This paper presents a dynamic economic model of fertility behavior estimated with age-year-specific U.S. time-series data. The estimated model indicates that couples, on average, time their births to avoid periods when female wage rates are expected to be high, and that most of the observed effect of income and female wages on fertility rates is due to the indirect influence of these variables on couples' wage and income expectations. This paper …
How biological and behavioural influences on mortality in Malaysia vary during the first year of life
This study uses retrospective data from the 1976–7 Malaysian Family Life Survey to examine the determinants of infant mortality variations in Peninsular Malaysia. It considers proximate biological correlates of mortality as well as family characteristics and behaviour, and inspects the degree to which some of these latter factors exercise their effects indirectly through more proximate factors. It assesses how these influences and interactions ch…
Will US Fertility Remain Low? A New Economic Interpretation
A method for partitioning the total fertility rate in the United States into 2 period components is developed. 1 component reflects fertility timing the other measures the average completed fertility of women currently in their childbearing years. Estimates of fertility expectations derived from an economic model are reported. The measures of fertility timing and the estimates of fertility expectations are used to analyze the timing component of …
Assessing socioeconomic correlates of birthweight in peninsular Malaysia
The Contraceptive Role of Breastfeeding
We review (1) neuro-hormonal mechanisms by which breastfeeding postpones the return of ovulation and menstruation after birth, and (2) various statistical procedures used to analyse this effect in human populations. This review reveals that the biology and the statistical procedures are incompatible. We propose a statistical approach, compatible with present knowledge of physiology, that differentiates between ovulation-inhibiting mechanisms at b…
Interhousehold Transfers and Household Structure in Malaysia
This paper analyzes survey data on informal transfers of money goods and help among Malaysian households in 1976-1977. The annual combined value of these transfers amounts to 86 percent of annual income for households earning less than...1500 [Malaysian dollars] and declines to only 1 percent for households earning more than...30000 [Malaysian dollars]. Blockmodeling is used to group household members who are similar to each other in their transf…
World Affairs
An Economic Methodology for Measuring the Benefits of Children
Economic Aspects of Breastfeeding
The Effects of Nutrition and Health on Fertility
The relationship between nutrition socioeconomic development and fertility is logically examined a model describing the interaction between the variables is presented and policy implications flowing from this model are discussed. From a biological standpoint improvements in health and nutrition would be expected to have a positive affect on reproductive capacity; however improved standards of living are negatively related to fertility. Therefore …
Completed Fertility and its Timing
Presents an economic model of fertility behavior designed to explain and predict both current fertility rates and expected family size emphasizing the distinction between male and female earnings in affecting fertility. It is hypothesized that an increase in husbands earnings raises family income and leads to an increased demand for children. An increase in the wifes income however raises the cost of children due to the rise in the opportunity co…
Will US Fertility Remain Low? A New Economic Interpretation
A method for partitioning the total fertility rate in the United States into 2 period components is developed. 1 component reflects fertility timing the other measures the average completed fertility of women currently in their childbearing years. Estimates of fertility expectations derived from an economic model are reported. The measures of fertility timing and the estimates of fertility expectations are used to analyze the timing component of …
Completed Fertility and Its Timing
This paper presents a dynamic economic model of fertility behavior estimated with age-year-specific U.S. time-series data. The estimated model indicates that couples, on average, time their births to avoid periods when female wage rates are expected to be high, and that most of the observed effect of income and female wages on fertility rates is due to the indirect influence of these variables on couples' wage and income expectations. This paper …
Interhousehold Transfers and Household Structure in Malaysia
This paper analyzes survey data on informal transfers of money goods and help among Malaysian households in 1976-1977. The annual combined value of these transfers amounts to 86 percent of annual income for households earning less than...1500 [Malaysian dollars] and declines to only 1 percent for households earning more than...30000 [Malaysian dollars]. Blockmodeling is used to group household members who are similar to each other in their transf…
How biological and behavioural influences on mortality in Malaysia vary during the first year of life
This study uses retrospective data from the 1976–7 Malaysian Family Life Survey to examine the determinants of infant mortality variations in Peninsular Malaysia. It considers proximate biological correlates of mortality as well as family characteristics and behaviour, and inspects the degree to which some of these latter factors exercise their effects indirectly through more proximate factors. It assesses how these influences and interactions ch…
Environmental factors in the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality
Mothers recall data collected in Malaysia in 1976-77 are analyzed to study correlates of mortality of 5471 infants. Respondent population is 1262 women living in 52 primary sampling units of Peninsular Malaysia. Lengths of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding and presence of piped household water and toilet sanitation are related to infant mortality in regressions that also control other correlates. The analysis is disaggregated into 3 p…
Assessing socioeconomic correlates of birthweight in peninsular Malaysia
The Contraceptive Role of Breastfeeding
We review (1) neuro-hormonal mechanisms by which breastfeeding postpones the return of ovulation and menstruation after birth, and (2) various statistical procedures used to analyse this effect in human populations. This review reveals that the biology and the statistical procedures are incompatible. We propose a statistical approach, compatible with present knowledge of physiology, that differentiates between ovulation-inhibiting mechanisms at b…
Economics (7 obras) · Population (7 obras) · Medicine (6 obras) · Demography (5 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (5 obras) · Breastfeeding (4 obras) · Environmental health (4 obras) · Fertility (4 obras) · Pediatrics (4 obras) · Pediatrics (4 obras)