Douglas Pulleyblank
Biographic Data
| ID | 115641 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Douglas Pulleyblank |
| GIVEN NAMES | Douglas |
| FAMILY NAME | Pulleyblank |
| SIGNATURE | PULLEYBLANK D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of British Columbia |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Eleven vowels of Imilike Igbo including ATR and RTR schwa
In this paper, we examine the acoustics of vowels in the Imilike [ìmìlìkè] dialect of Igbo (Igboid, Niger-Congo), which has not previously been done. While Standard Igbo has eight vowels, previous auditorily-based research has identified eleven vowels in Imilike. Like Standard Igbo, Imilike contrasts vowels in Advanced/Retracted Tongue Root (ATR vs. RTR). We find that there are eleven vowels, distinguished most reliably by F1, B1, energy (dB) of …
Directionality in Nkore-Kiga Sibilant Harmony: Arbitrary or Emergent
Sibilant harmony in Nkore-Kiga is an interesting problem case for agreement-based theories of harmony, particularly Agreement by Correspondence. Previous work reports that anteriority agreement is controlled by the rightmost sibilant in the stem, and also that the quality of a sibilant is allophonically determined by the following vowel. In such a system, it is impossible for surface-oriented agreement constraints to derive strictly right-to-left…
Articulatory mapping of Yoruba vowels: An ultrasound study
This paper examines the articulation of harmonically distinct classes of vowels in Standard Yoruba. There has been considerable disagreement as to whether the distinction between [e o] and [∊ ɔ] is one of vowel height or tongue-root advancement/retraction. This paper reports on an ultrasound investigation of Yoruba vowels. Results are consistent with harmonic classes distinguished by a tongue-root advancement/retraction feature, not by vowel heig…
Disambiguating Yorùbá tones: At the interface between syntax, morphology, phonology and phonetics
Glottalization and Lenition in Nuu-chah-nulth
This article examines glottalization and lenition in Nuu-chah-nulth. These processes involve features introduced via affixation, features that are sometimes compatible with the final segment of the stem and sometimes incompatible. An understanding of the intricacies of these patterns requires a focus on featural representations, with lexical representations involving floating features and variable specifications for features. Both of these proper…
Low vowels and transparency in Kinande vowel harmony
This paper addresses theoretical issues confronting cross-height harmony systems through an experimental study of Kinande, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Using a combination of acoustic analysis and lingual ultrasound imaging, we evaluate previous proposals concerning the phonetic correlates of the harmonic vowel feature and the transparency of low vowels. Results indicate that (i) although a multivalued scalar acoustic fea…
A note on tonal markedness in Yoruba
It is well established that the tonal system of Yoruba involves the asymmetric marking or retention of certain tones and the absence or loss of others. The behaviour of Yoruba's three tones is scalar but non-linear, with H tones being the most stable and M tones being the most unstable. In this note, it is shown that previous accounts of the asymmetries in terms of underspecification are problematic, arguing instead for the incorporation of tonal…
Harmonic Scales as Faithfulness
Optimality Theory predicts that harmonic scales can be encoded in grammar in one of two ways: either as markedeness hierarchies or else as faithfulness hierarchies. Although most current researchers assume that harmony is encoded as markedness, many investigators have argued that some harmonic relations are better captured as faithfulness hierarchies that prevent the deletion or insertion of less harmonic elements. We demonstrate that at least tw…
Kinande vowel harmony: Domains, grounded conditions and one-sided alignment
The canonical image of vowel harmony is of a particular feature distributed throughout a word, leading to symmetric constraints like A GREE or S PREAD . Examination of the distribution of tongue-root advancement in Kinande demonstrates that harmonic feature distribution is asymmetric. The data argue that a formal (yet asymmetric) constraint (like A LIGN ) is exactly half right: such a constraint correctly characterises the left edge of the harmon…
Harmony Drivers: No Disagreement Allowed
'Harmony' is a widely attested pattern in natural language, a configuration where within some domain all eligible anchors for some feature bear the same feature value. Typically, a harmony system exhibits a choice between two feature values. Either all anchors within some domain D bear the feature value F or all anchors within D bear the opposite value G. Depending on the theory of features and harmony, both harmonic values may be overtly specifi…
Yoruba Vowel Elision: Minimality Effects
Patterns and timing of glottalisation
Through an investigation of glottalisation in several languages of North America, this article examines the role of perception in the grammatical distribution of segments. Specifically, we consider the hypothesis that perceptual factors on the timing of glottalisation in consonants determine the arrangement of such consonants phonologically. Our conclusion is in the negative. In the cases we study, the distribution of glottalisation appears to be…
Neutral Vowels in Optimality Theory: A Comparison of Yoruba and Wolof
Patterns of vowel harmony are frequently interrupted by the presence of neutral segments, segments that are obligatorily realised with only one of the harmonic values. Peripherally, neutral segments appear in two patterns, referred to as relative and absolute alignment. Medially, such neutral segments may be opaque , interrupting the transmission of harmony, or they may be transparent , skipped over by harmony. It is argued that the properties of…
Grounded Phonology
Two Rules or One…or None? [ATR] in Yoruba
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Semantic Typology and Semantic Universals (1993)
Forum
Kaum eine andere Erscheinung der
Nonlinear Phonology
Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
Underspecification, the feature hierarchy and Tiv vowels
The major issue with regard to underspecification theory is whether all types of redundant information should be excluded from underlying representations, or if not, then what the principles are that determine the inclusion or exclusion of particular types of information. The vowel system of Tiv, a Niger-Congo language of Nigeria, is particularly interesting in this regard since the representation of individual vowels in verbal roots requires a t…
Phrasal morphology in Yoruba
Tone in Lexical Phonology
Underspecification and low vowel harmony in Okpe
This paper examines the effect of [ATR] vowel harmony on low vowels in Okpe, an Edoid language of Nigeria. The relevant facts can be summarized as follows: Low vowel stems condition [-ATR] forms on affixes. Low vowel affixes surface as [+low] in [-ATR] contexts and as [-low] when in [+ATR] contexts. Of particular interest is the additional fact that an underlyingly low vowel surfaces as [-low], [-ATR] in certain [+ATR] environments. To explain th…
Phrasal morphology in Yoruba
Underspecification and low vowel harmony in Okpe
This paper examines the effect of [ATR] vowel harmony on low vowels in Okpe, an Edoid language of Nigeria. The relevant facts can be summarized as follows: Low vowel stems condition [-ATR] forms on affixes. Low vowel affixes surface as [+low] in [-ATR] contexts and as [-low] when in [+ATR] contexts. Of particular interest is the additional fact that an underlyingly low vowel surfaces as [-low], [-ATR] in certain [+ATR] environments. To explain th…
Glottalization and Lenition in Nuu-chah-nulth
This article examines glottalization and lenition in Nuu-chah-nulth. These processes involve features introduced via affixation, features that are sometimes compatible with the final segment of the stem and sometimes incompatible. An understanding of the intricacies of these patterns requires a focus on featural representations, with lexical representations involving floating features and variable specifications for features. Both of these proper…
Yoruba Vowel Elision: Minimality Effects
Tone in Lexical Phonology
Underspecification and low vowel harmony in Okpe
This paper examines the effect of [ATR] vowel harmony on low vowels in Okpe, an Edoid language of Nigeria. The relevant facts can be summarized as follows: Low vowel stems condition [-ATR] forms on affixes. Low vowel affixes surface as [+low] in [-ATR] contexts and as [-low] when in [+ATR] contexts. Of particular interest is the additional fact that an underlyingly low vowel surfaces as [-low], [-ATR] in certain [+ATR] environments. To explain th…
Underspecification, the feature hierarchy and Tiv vowels
The major issue with regard to underspecification theory is whether all types of redundant information should be excluded from underlying representations, or if not, then what the principles are that determine the inclusion or exclusion of particular types of information. The vowel system of Tiv, a Niger-Congo language of Nigeria, is particularly interesting in this regard since the representation of individual vowels in verbal roots requires a t…
Phrasal morphology in Yoruba
Forum
Kaum eine andere Erscheinung der
Nonlinear Phonology
Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
Two Rules or One…or None? [ATR] in Yoruba
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Semantic Typology and Semantic Universals (1993)
Neutral Vowels in Optimality Theory: A Comparison of Yoruba and Wolof
Patterns of vowel harmony are frequently interrupted by the presence of neutral segments, segments that are obligatorily realised with only one of the harmonic values. Peripherally, neutral segments appear in two patterns, referred to as relative and absolute alignment. Medially, such neutral segments may be opaque , interrupting the transmission of harmony, or they may be transparent , skipped over by harmony. It is argued that the properties of…
Grounded Phonology
Patterns and timing of glottalisation
Through an investigation of glottalisation in several languages of North America, this article examines the role of perception in the grammatical distribution of segments. Specifically, we consider the hypothesis that perceptual factors on the timing of glottalisation in consonants determine the arrangement of such consonants phonologically. Our conclusion is in the negative. In the cases we study, the distribution of glottalisation appears to be…
Kinande vowel harmony: Domains, grounded conditions and one-sided alignment
The canonical image of vowel harmony is of a particular feature distributed throughout a word, leading to symmetric constraints like A GREE or S PREAD . Examination of the distribution of tongue-root advancement in Kinande demonstrates that harmonic feature distribution is asymmetric. The data argue that a formal (yet asymmetric) constraint (like A LIGN ) is exactly half right: such a constraint correctly characterises the left edge of the harmon…
Harmony Drivers: No Disagreement Allowed
'Harmony' is a widely attested pattern in natural language, a configuration where within some domain all eligible anchors for some feature bear the same feature value. Typically, a harmony system exhibits a choice between two feature values. Either all anchors within some domain D bear the feature value F or all anchors within D bear the opposite value G. Depending on the theory of features and harmony, both harmonic values may be overtly specifi…
Yoruba Vowel Elision: Minimality Effects
A note on tonal markedness in Yoruba
It is well established that the tonal system of Yoruba involves the asymmetric marking or retention of certain tones and the absence or loss of others. The behaviour of Yoruba's three tones is scalar but non-linear, with H tones being the most stable and M tones being the most unstable. In this note, it is shown that previous accounts of the asymmetries in terms of underspecification are problematic, arguing instead for the incorporation of tonal…
Harmonic Scales as Faithfulness
Optimality Theory predicts that harmonic scales can be encoded in grammar in one of two ways: either as markedeness hierarchies or else as faithfulness hierarchies. Although most current researchers assume that harmony is encoded as markedness, many investigators have argued that some harmonic relations are better captured as faithfulness hierarchies that prevent the deletion or insertion of less harmonic elements. We demonstrate that at least tw…
Low vowels and transparency in Kinande vowel harmony
This paper addresses theoretical issues confronting cross-height harmony systems through an experimental study of Kinande, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Using a combination of acoustic analysis and lingual ultrasound imaging, we evaluate previous proposals concerning the phonetic correlates of the harmonic vowel feature and the transparency of low vowels. Results indicate that (i) although a multivalued scalar acoustic fea…
Glottalization and Lenition in Nuu-chah-nulth
This article examines glottalization and lenition in Nuu-chah-nulth. These processes involve features introduced via affixation, features that are sometimes compatible with the final segment of the stem and sometimes incompatible. An understanding of the intricacies of these patterns requires a focus on featural representations, with lexical representations involving floating features and variable specifications for features. Both of these proper…
Disambiguating Yorùbá tones: At the interface between syntax, morphology, phonology and phonetics
Articulatory mapping of Yoruba vowels: An ultrasound study
This paper examines the articulation of harmonically distinct classes of vowels in Standard Yoruba. There has been considerable disagreement as to whether the distinction between [e o] and [∊ ɔ] is one of vowel height or tongue-root advancement/retraction. This paper reports on an ultrasound investigation of Yoruba vowels. Results are consistent with harmonic classes distinguished by a tongue-root advancement/retraction feature, not by vowel heig…
Directionality in Nkore-Kiga Sibilant Harmony: Arbitrary or Emergent
Sibilant harmony in Nkore-Kiga is an interesting problem case for agreement-based theories of harmony, particularly Agreement by Correspondence. Previous work reports that anteriority agreement is controlled by the rightmost sibilant in the stem, and also that the quality of a sibilant is allophonically determined by the following vowel. In such a system, it is impossible for surface-oriented agreement constraints to derive strictly right-to-left…
Eleven vowels of Imilike Igbo including ATR and RTR schwa
In this paper, we examine the acoustics of vowels in the Imilike [ìmìlìkè] dialect of Igbo (Igboid, Niger-Congo), which has not previously been done. While Standard Igbo has eight vowels, previous auditorily-based research has identified eleven vowels in Imilike. Like Standard Igbo, Imilike contrasts vowels in Advanced/Retracted Tongue Root (ATR vs. RTR). We find that there are eleven vowels, distinguished most reliably by F1, B1, energy (dB) of …
Linguistics (20 works) · Philosophy (19 works) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (17 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Mathematics (13 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (12 works) · Phonology (10 works) · Physics (10 works) · Vowel (10 works) · Psychology (8 works)