Barbara Krahé
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 116663 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Barbara Krahé |
| NOMBRES | Barbara |
| APELLIDO | Krahé |
| FIRMA | KRAHÉ B |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Potsdam |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8306-8497 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 87 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 360 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 87 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Active, Passive, and Non-Sexting Adolescents
Two contrasting frameworks have guided research on adolescent sexting. The deviancy perspective regards sexting as a risky behavior. The normalcy perspective acknowledges consensual sexting as a form of sexual expression with potential benefits. Drawing on both perspectives, this study compared adolescents who actively engaged in voluntary sexting (i.e., sent a sext of themselves or others) with those who were only passively (i.e., received, aske…
Aggressive Cycling
Aggressive behavior when moving through traffic is recognized as a serious problem and safety hazard with respect to car drivers. By contrast, aggressive behavior by cyclists has received little attention, although it also has potential for harm to others and may lead to conflict between road users. The limited body of past research focused on hostile anger expression by cyclists as a way of expressing anger. By contrast, the current research pro…
The role of pornography in shaping young adults’ sexual scripts and sexual behavior
Violent Pornography Use and Acceptance of Sexual Coercion in Adolescents
Introduction The use of pornography is ubiquitous in adolescence, and a substantial proportion of users are exposed to pornography showing violence. Adolescents tend to be less critical of those depictions than adults, so their influence on adolescents’ attitudes is of concern. The current study examined the association between the use of violent pornography and the acceptance of sexual coercion, considering risky sexual scripts and low sexual se…
Child Abuse and Men’s Sexual Victimization and Aggression in Intimate Relationships
Purpose This study examined pathways from sexual, physical, and emotional abuse in childhood to men’s sexual aggression in intimate relationships in adolescence and early adulthood, both as victims and perpetrators. Methods The online study employed a three-wave longitudinal design with twelve-month intervals (T1-T3) including 1,010 male university students in Germany (mean age of 21.4 years at T1). At T1, participants completed measures of sexua…
Beware the truth effect
Psychologie der Rechtsradikalisierung
Wie radikalisieren sich Menschen und warum ist die Empfänglichkeit für rechte Radikalisierungsdynamiken aktuell besonders hoch? Dieses Buch bietet Einblicke in die psychologische Forschung zu diesen Fragen. Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler stellen in prägnanter und verständlicher Weise Erkenntnisse und Forschungslücken dar. Die Beiträge diskutieren insbesondere die motivationale Bedeutung von Verlust- und Benachteiligungserfahrungen, das …
Sexual consent attitudes mediate gender differences in responsibility attributions for a heterosexual date rape scenario
Women’s exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery
Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting…
Minority Identity, Othering-Based Stress, and Sexual Violence
This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between minority identification, OBS, and SV. Studying both specific and common SV vulnerabilities and outcomes within specific societal subgroups and the general population may inform policy makers when allocating resources to those interventions with the largest societal impact
An assessment of the proportion of LGB+ persons in the Belgian population, their identification as sexual minority, mental health and experienced minority stress
The proportion of persons who identified as LGB+ was twice as large as the proportion of persons who identified as a minority based on their sexual orientation. LGB+ persons show poorer mental health compared to heterosexual persons. This difference was unrelated to minority stress, sociodemographic differences, minority identification, or the importance attached to minority characteristics
Young Adults’ Understanding of Sexual Competence
Introduction Handling sexual interactions in a competent manner is a key skill for young adults, which is linked to positive aspects of sexual and general well-being. Several research conceptualizations of sexual competence have been proposed in the literature, but little is known about how young adults define sexual competence and what consequences they consider low sexual competence may have. Methods In this qualitative study conducted in 2019,…
Sexual Aggression among Women and Men in an Iranian Sample
This pre-registered study examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual aggression in a sample of 530 Iranians (322 women, 208 men) with a behaviorally specific questionnaire distinguishing between different coercive strategies, victim-perpetrator relationships, and sexual acts. Significantly more women (63.0%) than men (51.0%) experienced at least one incident of sexual aggression victimization since the age of 15 years, and significantly mor…
Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization
From the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even…
A Theory-Based Intervention to Reduce Risk and Vulnerability Factors of Sexual Aggression Perpetration and Victimization in German University Students
The current study evaluated an intervention program, designed by the authors and based on the theory of sexual scripts and social learning theory, to reduce empirically established risk and vulnerability factors of sexual aggression. A sample of 1,181 university students in Germany (762 female) were randomly assigned to an intervention and a no-intervention control group. The intervention group completed six modules addressing established anteced…
Links of Perceived Pornography Realism with Sexual Aggression via Sexual Scripts, Sexual Behavior, and Acceptance of Sexual Coercion
Exposure to pornographic material has been linked to sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a large body of research. Based on social learning theory and 3A theory of script learning, this study contributes to this research by testing the hypothesis that the more realistic pornography is perceived to be by young adults, the more likely they are to experience and engage in sexual aggression. Two underlying pathways were proposed: one …
Addressing the inappropriate use of force by police in the United States and beyond
Recent high‐profile incidents involving the deadly application of force in the United States sparked worldwide protests and renewed scrutiny of police practices as well as scrutiny of relations between police officers and minoritized communities. In this report, we consider the inappropriate use of force by police from the perspective of behavioral and social science inquiry related to aggression, violence, and intergroup relations. We examine th…
Cross‐cultural similarities and differences in the theoretical predictors of cyberbullying perpetration
The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross‐cultural…
Pathways from College Students’ Cognitive Scripts for Consensual Sex to Sexual Victimization
Sexual scripts serve as cognitive representations of typical elements of sexual interactions that guide sexual behavior. To the extent that cognitive scripts for consensual sex comprise elements associated with a risk of experiencing nonconsensual sex, they may be indirectly linked to sexual victimization via risky sexual behavior. A longitudinal study with 2,425 college students in Germany (58% female) examined pathways from sexual scripts for c…
Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample
This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victi…
The Voice Gives It Away
Two experiments examined the impact of voice pitch on gender stereotyping. Participants listened to a text read by a female (Study 1; N = 171) or male (Study 2, N = 151) speaker, whose voice pitch was manipulated to be high or low. They rated the speaker on positive and negative facets of masculinity and femininity, competence, and likability. They also indicated their own gendered self-concept. High pitch was associated with the ascription of mo…
Predicting Adolescents’ Self-Objectification from Sexualized Video Game and Instagram Use
A growing body of research has demonstrated negative effects of sexualization in the media on adolescents’ body image, but longitudinal studies and research including interactive and social media are scarce. The current study explored the longitudinal associations of adolescents’ use of sexualized video games (SVG) and sexualized Instagram images (SII) with body image concerns. Specifically, our study examined relations between adolescents’ SVG a…
With a Little Help from Their Peers
Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals’ prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set ( N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the cl…
Does Question Format Matter in Assessing the Prevalence of Sexual Aggression? A Methodological Study
As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitatio…
The effects of sexualized video game characters and character personalization on women's self-objectification and body satisfaction
Female role models in video games are rare, and if they are present, they are often heavily sexualized. Objectification theory suggests that exposure to sexualized media characters increases self-objectification and decreases body satisfaction in female users. This study investigated the effect of playing a video game with a sexualized versus a nonsexualized character on women's experiences of self-objectification and body satisfaction. We furthe…
Women's Sexual Aggression Against Men
Exposure to violent video games and aggression in German adolescents
The relationship between exposure to violent electronic games and aggressive cognitions and behavior was examined in a longitudinal study. A total of 295 German adolescents completed the measures of violent video game usage, endorsement of aggressive norms, hostile attribution bias, and physical as well as indirect/relational aggression cross‐sectionally, and a subsample of N =143 was measured again 30 months later. Cross‐sectional results at T1 …
Understanding Gender and Intimate Partner Violence from an International Perspective
Adolescents' Sexual Scripts
The characteristic features of adolescents' sexual scripts were explored in 400 tenth and eleventh graders from Berlin, Germany. Participants rated the prototypical elements of three scripts for heterosexual interactions: (1) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner as pertaining to adolescents in general (general script); (2) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a …
Desensitization to media violence
This study examined the links between desensitization to violent media stimuli and habitual media violence exposure as a predictor and aggressive cognitions and behavior as outcome variables. Two weeks after completing measures of habitual media violence exposure, trait aggression, trait arousability, and normative beliefs about aggression, undergraduates (N = 303) saw a violent film clip and a sad or a funny comparison clip. Skin conductance lev…
Ambiguous Communication of Sexual Intentions as a Risk Marker of Sexual Aggression
The prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization among homosexual men
This study examined the prevalence of unwanted sexual contacts among a sample of 310 homosexual men with an average age of 21.8 years recruited in Berlin, Germany. A modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey was developed to record unwanted contacts involving different means of coercion, sexual acts, and victim‐perpetrator relationships. Reports were elicited about (a) sexual victimization and (b) perpetration of sexually aggressive acts.…
Men's Reports of Nonconsensual Sexual Interactions with Women
With a Little Help from Their Peers
Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals’ prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set ( N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the cl…
Changing negative attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities
An experimental study was designed and tested to change negative attitudes towards the physically disabled. A pre-post-test intervention was conducted including three conditions: (a) cognitive intervention; (b) cognitive and behavioural intervention involving equal-status contact with the target group; (c) no-intervention control. The sample consisted of 70 ninth grade students. Following baseline assessments of attitudes, attitude change was mea…
Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a Sample of Female and Male College Students in Turkey
In Turkey, there is a shortage of studies on the prevalence of sexual aggression among young adults. The present study examined sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 15 in a convenience sample of N = 1,376 college students (886 women) from four public universities in Ankara, Turkey. Prevalence rates for different coercive strategies, victim-perpetrator constellations, and sexual acts were measured with a Turkish versio…
Men and women as perpetrators and victims of sexual aggression in heterosexual and same‐sex encounters
This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a large convenience sample of N = 2,149 first-year college students from different universities in Germany. Participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14. Both same-sex and heterosexual victim-perpetrator constellations were examined. Prevalence rates were established for different victim-perpetrator relat…
Testing the reliability and validity of different measures of violent video game use in the United States, Singapore, and Germany
To examine the potential link between violent video game play and aggressive behavior, reliable and valid measures of the level of violence in video games are required. A range of different approaches have been used in the literature, and it is not clear to what extent they converge or measure different constructs. To address this question, three large longitudinal data sets covering at least 12 months were used from the United States (N 1,232), …
Predicting sexual aggression in male college students in Brazil
The study is the first to provide data on risk factors for sexual aggression in male college students in Brazil. A total of N = 286 participants took part in the study, of whom a subsample of n = 120 participated in two measurements separated by a 6-month interval. Cognitive (i.e., risky sexual scripts, normative beliefs), behavioral (i.e., pornography use, sexual behavior patterns), and biographical (i.e., childhood abuse) risk factors were link…
Links of justice and rejection sensitivity with aggression in childhood and adolescence
Individual differences in justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity have been linked to differences in aggressive behavior in adults. However, there is little research studying this association in children and adolescents and considering the two constructs in combination. We assessed justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective as well as anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and linked both constructs to diffe…
Sexual Aggression among Brazilian College Students
Despite the increased attention devoted to sexual aggression among college students in the international research literature, Brazil has no systematic studies on the prevalence of sexual aggression in college populations. The present research measured the prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization since age 14 among 742 first-year college students in Brazil (411 women). A Portuguese version of the Short Form of the Sexual Experiences Surve…
Predicting aggressive driving behavior
A study is presented that explored the role of macho personality, age, and power of car as predictors of aggressive driving behavior. A total of 154 male motorists completed two subscales of the Hypermasculinity Inventory as a measure of macho personality and self‐reports of aggressive driving behavior based on the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire. They also provided information about their age, annual mileage, horsepower of their car, and features…
Sexual Aggression Among Adolescents
This study examines the prevalence of sexual aggression among adolescents from both former East and West Germany. Koss and Oros' (1982) Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) was employed to measure sexual aggression (male version) and sexual victimization (female version). Almost 17% of female respondents reported forced sexual experiences that qualify as criminal offenses under German law. The total percentage including all forms of unwanted sexual co…
Police officers' definitions of rape
The study investigates police officers' definitions of different rape situations. On the basis of the concept of ‘cognitive prototypes’ a methodology is developed which elicits consensual feature lists describing six rape situations: the typical, i.e. most common rape, the credible, dubious, and false rape complaints as well as the rape experiences that are particularly hard vs. relatively easy for the victim to cope with . Qualitative analysis o…
Romantic Attachment, Conflict Resolution Styles, and Teen Dating Violence Victimization
Media violence use and aggression among German adolescents
The Role of Sexual Scripts in Sexual Aggression and Victimization
Predictors of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration Among Polish University Students
Speaking like a Man
Strategies for Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts in Adolescence
Preferred strategies for responding to interpersonal conflicts in adolescence were analyzed as a function of cultural background (Indonesia vs. Germany) and gender in a study involving 261 adolescents from the two countries. Respondents were presented with three scenarios describing interpersonal conflicts in different role relationships. Following each scenario, they were asked to choose one of three strategies for dealing with the conflict: a c…
Self-Serving Biases in Perceived Similarity and Causal Attributions of Other People's Performance
Implicit psychologists' estimates of attitude‐behaviour consistencies
To investigate the relationship between implicit psychological hypotheses and explicit empirical findings, summaries of twenty published studies on attitude‐behaviour consistency were presented to a sample of forty‐eight psychology undergraduates. Subjects were asked to estimate the percentage of agreement between attitudes and behaviour obtained by each study. Correlations between subjects' covariation judgements and empirically obtained attitud…
Similar perceptions, similar reactions
Lay conceptions of personality
Two studies are reported which examine the availability of scientific propositions of personality in lay conceptions of personality. It is argued from a social constructivist perspective that models of personality must derive from and refer to lay conceptions of persons. Eysenck's trait‐type model of introversion‐extraversion, containing specific propositions about phenotypic and genotypic differences between extraverts and introverts, was utiliz…
Was gibt es Neues? A Sampler of German Social Psychology
Social Psychological Issues in the Study of Rape
The chapter presents a social psychological approach to the study of rape and sexual assault. Two issues are at the core of this approach: identifying the critical variables that affect attributions of responsibility to victims of rape, and exploring people's subjective definitions of rape, which may differ markedly from legal definitions. Following a review of the American evidence, a series of studies conducted in two European countries is pres…
Police officers' definitions of rape
The study investigates police officers' definitions of different rape situations. On the basis of the concept of ‘cognitive prototypes’ a methodology is developed which elicits consensual feature lists describing six rape situations: the typical, i.e. most common rape, the credible, dubious, and false rape complaints as well as the rape experiences that are particularly hard vs. relatively easy for the victim to cope with . Qualitative analysis o…
Sexual Aggression Among Adolescents
This study examines the prevalence of sexual aggression among adolescents from both former East and West Germany. Koss and Oros' (1982) Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) was employed to measure sexual aggression (male version) and sexual victimization (female version). Almost 17% of female respondents reported forced sexual experiences that qualify as criminal offenses under German law. The total percentage including all forms of unwanted sexual co…
Strategies for Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts in Adolescence
Preferred strategies for responding to interpersonal conflicts in adolescence were analyzed as a function of cultural background (Indonesia vs. Germany) and gender in a study involving 261 adolescents from the two countries. Respondents were presented with three scenarios describing interpersonal conflicts in different role relationships. Following each scenario, they were asked to choose one of three strategies for dealing with the conflict: a c…
Ambiguous Communication of Sexual Intentions as a Risk Marker of Sexual Aggression
The prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization among homosexual men
This study examined the prevalence of unwanted sexual contacts among a sample of 310 homosexual men with an average age of 21.8 years recruited in Berlin, Germany. A modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey was developed to record unwanted contacts involving different means of coercion, sexual acts, and victim‐perpetrator relationships. Reports were elicited about (a) sexual victimization and (b) perpetration of sexually aggressive acts.…
Predicting aggressive driving behavior
A study is presented that explored the role of macho personality, age, and power of car as predictors of aggressive driving behavior. A total of 154 male motorists completed two subscales of the Hypermasculinity Inventory as a measure of macho personality and self‐reports of aggressive driving behavior based on the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire. They also provided information about their age, annual mileage, horsepower of their car, and features…
Women's Sexual Aggression Against Men
Men's Reports of Nonconsensual Sexual Interactions with Women
Cognitive Coping With the Threat of Rape
Individual differences in women's avoidant and vigilant style in coping with the threat of rape were explored in four studies. In the first study, 97 women read a rape scenario and completed measures of cognitive vigilance and avoidance. They also provided ratings of fear of rape and anticipated coping problems in case of sexual assault. Vigilance was associated with significantly higher levels of fear of rape and anticipation of more severe copi…
Understanding Gender and Intimate Partner Violence from an International Perspective
Sex Differences in Relationship Aggression Among Young Adults in Germany
Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior
Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior were explored in a study involving 256 female motorists. Sex role orientation, dispositional aggressiveness, age, and annual mileage were measured as independent variables, and aggressive driving behavior was included as the dependent variable. Stepwise hierarchical regression analysis showed that age was negatively related to driving aggression, whereas annual mileage had a positive relationship …
Perceived discrimination of international visitors to universities in Germany and the UK
The extent to which international students and academics feel discriminated against in the host country was explored in three samples from two countries: students in Germany (N=161), students in the UK (N=139), and academics in Germany (N=79). Respondents completed a measure of perceived discrimination of increasing severity, comprising antilocution (verbal derogation), avoidance, behavioural discrimination, and physical assault. Physical discern…
Changing negative attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities
An experimental study was designed and tested to change negative attitudes towards the physically disabled. A pre-post-test intervention was conducted including three conditions: (a) cognitive intervention; (b) cognitive and behavioural intervention involving equal-status contact with the target group; (c) no-intervention control. The sample consisted of 70 ninth grade students. Following baseline assessments of attitudes, attitude change was mea…
Adolescents' Sexual Scripts
The characteristic features of adolescents' sexual scripts were explored in 400 tenth and eleventh graders from Berlin, Germany. Participants rated the prototypical elements of three scripts for heterosexual interactions: (1) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner as pertaining to adolescents in general (general script); (2) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a …
The Role of Sexual Scripts in Sexual Aggression and Victimization
A group‐randomized evaluation of a theatre‐based sexual abuse prevention programme for primary school children in Germany
The study reports a group‐randomized trial of a theatre‐based intervention to prevent sexual abuse targeting first and second grade primary school children in Germany. A sample of 148 first and second graders saw a live performance of a play designed to promote skills in dealing with abuse‐prone interactions with adults, watched a recording of the play on DVD or were assigned to a no intervention control group. Both the live performance and the D…
Exposure to violent video games and aggression in German adolescents
The relationship between exposure to violent electronic games and aggressive cognitions and behavior was examined in a longitudinal study. A total of 295 German adolescents completed the measures of violent video game usage, endorsement of aggressive norms, hostile attribution bias, and physical as well as indirect/relational aggression cross‐sectionally, and a subsample of N =143 was measured again 30 months later. Cross‐sectional results at T1 …
Presenting Thin Media Models Affects Women'S Choice of Diet or Normal Snacks
Our study explored the influence of thin- versus normal-size media models and of self-reported restrained eating behavior on women's observed snacking behavior. Fifty female undergraduates saw a set of advertisements for beauty products showing either thin or computer-altered normal-size female models, allegedly as part of a study on effective advertising. After rating the advertisements, they were offered a choice of snacks that came either in a…
Psychology (80 obras) · Developmental psychology (51 obras) · Social Psychology (49 obras) · Medicine (43 obras) · Poison control (39 obras) · Social Psychology (36 obras) · Clinical Psychology (35 obras) · Aggression (33 obras) · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies (33 obras) · Clinical Psychology (29 obras)