Randall C Swaim
Biographic Data
| ID | 116723 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Randall C Swaim |
| GIVEN NAMES | Randall C |
| FAMILY NAME | Swaim |
| SIGNATURE | SWAIM R C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Colorado State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1436-5644 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 82 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Can High and Consistent School‐Related Protective Factors Prevent Cannabis Use Among American Indian Middle School Students
BACKGROUND: High cannabis use rates among American Indian (AI) adolescents necessitate the identification of factors that protect against early cannabis initiation. METHODS: Data collected from 279 AI middle school students attending reservation-based schools in 2018 and 2019 were analyzed. Three waves of data, with approximately 6 months between each, were used. A repeated measures latent class analysis examined a school-related protective facto…
Frequency is not enough: Characterizing heterogenous patterns of cannabis use intensity among reservation-area American Indian youth
Patterns of simultaneous and nonsimultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol among American Indian adolescents
AI adolescents were more likely to be classified in the Primarily Cannabis Use class as compared to all other classes. Characterizing profiles of use may help identify those engaging in risky or co-use and help researchers and clinicians better understand how AI adolescents engage with alcohol and marijuana
Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the Covid-19 Crisis
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to the lives of American Indian (AI) adolescents. While reservation-area AI youth already have a higher risk of substance use (SU) compared to their non-AI peers, COVID-19 stressors likely exacerbated this risk. However, COVID-19-specific and general resilience factors may have buffered against increased SU over the course of the pandemic. Using a person-centered, ecosystemic framework …
School-related Promotive Factors Related to Cannabis Use Among American Indian Adolescents
Latent Class Analysis and Predictors of Marijuana Use among Reservation-based American Indian High School Students
American Indian (AI) youth residing on reservations report higher rates of marijuana use compared to national youth. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify unique types of marijuana use among 2,884 AI high school students surveyed from 26 schools across six indigenous geographic regions. Predictors of class membership were then assessed using social, cultural, and individual measures relevant to adolescent substance use. Classes and pre…
Be under your own influence: Effectiveness of a Culturally‐Adapted drug prevention campaign targeting Reservation‐Dwelling American Indian youth
Be Under Your Own Influence (BUYOI) is a previously validated school-based intervention designed to delay adolescent substance use (SU) initiation. This study examined the effectiveness of a culturally-adapted version of BUYOI in delaying SU initiation among reservation-dwelling American Indian (AI) youth. Five reservation-based middle schools participated. Three schools were randomly assigned to receive BUYOI-AI (N = 321), and two schools served…
Opioid Misuse Among American Indian Adolescents
Objectives. To present data for opioid misuse among US reservation-based American Indian (AI) adolescents and to compare these data with national rates from Monitoring the Future (MTF). Methods. Data were from a national sample of 33 schools participating in a substance use epidemiological survey of reservation-based AI adolescents during 2018 and 2019. Participants were 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade AI students (n = 1592). Measures included 12-mon…
Self‐esteem, cultural identification, and substance use among American Indian youth
The literature on cultural identification and substance use among minority youth is unclear. It was anticipated that consideration of self-esteem as a potential mediator or moderator might help clarify some of the confusion. However, no moderating effects were found and mediating effects were limited to female high school students for marijuana. Consideration should be given to assessing other measures of cultural identification and subscales of …
Alcohol consumption among rural African American and White adolescents: The role of religion, parents, and peers
Although studies have examined ethnic differences in psychosocial factors and adolescent alcohol use, most have not examined these relationships for rural adolescents. The Community Drug and Alcohol Survey (CDAS) was completed by 23,163 rural adolescents attending African American secondary schools. Multilevel analysis tested the hypothesis of stronger relationships of peer use and religiosity with alcohol use and a weaker relationship for parent…
The Normative Environment for Drug Use: Comparisons among American Indian and White Adolescents
The current study examined the influence of descriptive norms, injunctive norms, perceived outcome expectancies, and ethnicity on marijuana and inhalant use among 2334 American Indian (AI) and White high school students who lived on or near reservations in the United States. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted with survey data collected during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 school years. Results suggest differences between ethni…
Outcome Expectancies, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use: American Indian and White Adolescents
The normative environment for substance use among American Indian students and White students attending schools on or near reservations
American Indian and White students who attended the same schools located on or near reservations were surveyed to determine the comparative normative environment for substance use. Descriptive norms increased and student injunctive norms decreased across grade in school. Female students reported higher levels of descriptive norms compared to male students. For marijuana use, a substantial decrease in student injunctive norms occurred between grad…
Rurality, Region, Ethnic Community Make-Up and Alcohol Use Among Rural Youth: Alcohol Use Among Rural Youth
PURPOSE: As the most widely used substance among adolescents in the United States, alcohol remains a critical public health issue. The majority of research in this area has focused on individual-level variables. This study examined the contextual effects of rurality, geographic region, and community ethnicity in the prediction of alcohol use among adolescent youth. METHOD: Participants were 7th-12th grade students from a sample of 260 rural commu…
Physical, Social, and Perceived Availabilities of Alcohol and Last Month Alcohol Use in Rural and Small Urban Communities
The Latina Breast Cancer Screening Sacle: Beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening
The Latina Breast Cancer Screening (LBCS) was developed to measure Latinas' culturally-shared health beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. A 60-item LBCS scale was tested with 288 participants and reduced to 35 items using principal components analyses. The 35-item LBCS scale and other measures were administered to a second sample of 147 participants to establish the scale's validity and reliability. A six-factor solution sugge…
Parental Monitoring, Peer Drug Involvement, and Marijuana Use Across Three Ethnicities
The purposes of the present study were to test differences in parental monitoring and marijuana use rates and relationships among constructs across three ethnicities, and to use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Van de Vijver and Leung's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique to test for cultural equivalence and item bias in the measurement of these constructs. Participants included 7,500 Mexican American, African American, and non-Hispanic …
Predictors of Aggressive Behaviors among Rural Middle School Youth
Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers
The purpose of the current study was to test whether perceived peer influence is related to image of a typical smoker, and whether image of a typical smoker is associated with beliefs about the effects of smoking among preadolescent nonsmokers. Two hundred and ninety-two preadolescents completed a survey indicating their perceptions of the prevalence and encouragement for smoking among peers, image of a typical smoker, beliefs about the social an…
Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers
Concurrent and prospective effects of multi‐dimensional aggression and anger on adolescent alcohol use
This study examined the relationship between alcohol, anger, and aggression in high school students. Anger and three types of aggressive expression (verbal, physical toward people, and physical toward objects) were evaluated cross‐sectionally and prospectively, via structural equation modeling for relationships to alcohol use in Mexican American and white non‐Latino 9–10th (Time 1) and 11–12th grade (Time 2) students. At both times cross‐sectiona…
Multidimensional self-esteem and alcohol use among Mexican American and White non-Latino adolescents: Concurrent and prospective effects
Self-esteem was evaluated among Mexican American and White non-Latino adolescents. Three dimensions of self-esteem-(a) self-confidence, (b) competence, and (c) social acceptance-were assessed for concurrent and longitudinal relationships to alcohol use. Various concurrent relationships were found between dimensions of self-esteem and alcohol use. Only 1 prospective effect was found, among Mexican American female adolescents, indicating that prior…
Violent Media Content and Aggressiveness in Adolescents: A Downward Spiral Model
Theory and research on media violence provides evidence that aggressive youth seek out media violence and that media violence prospectively predicts aggression in youth. The authors argue that both relationships, when modeled over time, should be mutually reinforcing, in what they call a downward spiral model. This study uses multilevel modeling to examine individual growth curves in aggressiveness and violent media use. The measure of use of med…
Factor Structure and Invariance of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale among American Indian and Mexican American Youth
Some theories and measures of cultural identification are based on a unidimensional continuum, requiring that, as identification with one culture increases, identification with another decreases. Others, such as multicultural theories, allow high identification with different cultures but rarely incorporate low identification. Orthogonal cultural identification theory specifies that identification with one culture can be independent of identifica…
Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Migrant and Nonmigrant Mexican American Youth
Increase in smoking/tobacco-related diseases among the Hispanic population calls for an examination of its use among this population. This study examined the relationship between gender, level of cultural identification, migrant status, and grade level and tobacco use and perception of its harn among Mexican American youth. Results showed males more likely to use cigarettes (occasional and daily) and smokeless tobacco than females when grade, cul…
Factor Structure and Invariance of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale among American Indian and Mexican American Youth
Some theories and measures of cultural identification are based on a unidimensional continuum, requiring that, as identification with one culture increases, identification with another decreases. Others, such as multicultural theories, allow high identification with different cultures but rarely incorporate low identification. Orthogonal cultural identification theory specifies that identification with one culture can be independent of identifica…
The effect of school dropout rates on estimates of adolescent substance use among three racial/ethnic groups
OBJECTIVES: This study examined, across three racial/ethnic groups, how the inclusion of data on drug use of dropouts can alter estimates of adolescent drug use rates. METHODS: Self-report rates of lifetime prevalence and use in the previous 30 days were obtained from Mexican American, White non-Hispanic, and Native American student (n = 738) and dropouts (n = 774). Rates for the age cohort (students and dropouts) were estimated with a weighted c…
American Indian Adolescent Drug Use and Socialization Characteristics: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
The socialization variables of family strength, religious identification, school adjustment, family sanctions against drug use and peer associations correlate with youth drug abuse. A path model testing the relationships between these variables among Anglo youths has shown that peer drug associations mediate the influence of the other factors and that with minor exceptions peers are likely to be the dominating force in youth drug abuse. The curre…
An epidemiological comparison of Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic 8th- and 12th-grade students' substance use
Surveys of drug and alcohol use were conducted with a national probability sample of 8th- and 12th-grade Mexican-American and White non-Hispanic youth. The drug and alcohol epidemiology is representative of US Mexican-American youth residing in communities with populations of 2500 or more, at least 10% of whom are Mexican Americans. Mexican-American 8th graders reported generally higher rates of use than White non-Hispanics based on life-time pre…
The Latina Breast Cancer Screening Sacle: Beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening
The Latina Breast Cancer Screening (LBCS) was developed to measure Latinas' culturally-shared health beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. A 60-item LBCS scale was tested with 288 participants and reduced to 35 items using principal components analyses. The 35-item LBCS scale and other measures were administered to a second sample of 147 participants to establish the scale's validity and reliability. A six-factor solution sugge…
Parental Monitoring, Peer Drug Involvement, and Marijuana Use Across Three Ethnicities
The purposes of the present study were to test differences in parental monitoring and marijuana use rates and relationships among constructs across three ethnicities, and to use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Van de Vijver and Leung's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique to test for cultural equivalence and item bias in the measurement of these constructs. Participants included 7,500 Mexican American, African American, and non-Hispanic …
Physical, Social, and Perceived Availabilities of Alcohol and Last Month Alcohol Use in Rural and Small Urban Communities
Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers
School-related Promotive Factors Related to Cannabis Use Among American Indian Adolescents
Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers
The purpose of the current study was to test whether perceived peer influence is related to image of a typical smoker, and whether image of a typical smoker is associated with beliefs about the effects of smoking among preadolescent nonsmokers. Two hundred and ninety-two preadolescents completed a survey indicating their perceptions of the prevalence and encouragement for smoking among peers, image of a typical smoker, beliefs about the social an…
Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Migrant and Nonmigrant Mexican American Youth
Increase in smoking/tobacco-related diseases among the Hispanic population calls for an examination of its use among this population. This study examined the relationship between gender, level of cultural identification, migrant status, and grade level and tobacco use and perception of its harn among Mexican American youth. Results showed males more likely to use cigarettes (occasional and daily) and smokeless tobacco than females when grade, cul…
An epidemiological comparison of Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic 8th- and 12th-grade students' substance use
Surveys of drug and alcohol use were conducted with a national probability sample of 8th- and 12th-grade Mexican-American and White non-Hispanic youth. The drug and alcohol epidemiology is representative of US Mexican-American youth residing in communities with populations of 2500 or more, at least 10% of whom are Mexican Americans. Mexican-American 8th graders reported generally higher rates of use than White non-Hispanics based on life-time pre…
American Indian Adolescent Drug Use and Socialization Characteristics: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
The socialization variables of family strength, religious identification, school adjustment, family sanctions against drug use and peer associations correlate with youth drug abuse. A path model testing the relationships between these variables among Anglo youths has shown that peer drug associations mediate the influence of the other factors and that with minor exceptions peers are likely to be the dominating force in youth drug abuse. The curre…
The effect of school dropout rates on estimates of adolescent substance use among three racial/ethnic groups
OBJECTIVES: This study examined, across three racial/ethnic groups, how the inclusion of data on drug use of dropouts can alter estimates of adolescent drug use rates. METHODS: Self-report rates of lifetime prevalence and use in the previous 30 days were obtained from Mexican American, White non-Hispanic, and Native American student (n = 738) and dropouts (n = 774). Rates for the age cohort (students and dropouts) were estimated with a weighted c…
Factor Structure and Invariance of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale among American Indian and Mexican American Youth
Some theories and measures of cultural identification are based on a unidimensional continuum, requiring that, as identification with one culture increases, identification with another decreases. Others, such as multicultural theories, allow high identification with different cultures but rarely incorporate low identification. Orthogonal cultural identification theory specifies that identification with one culture can be independent of identifica…
Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Migrant and Nonmigrant Mexican American Youth
Increase in smoking/tobacco-related diseases among the Hispanic population calls for an examination of its use among this population. This study examined the relationship between gender, level of cultural identification, migrant status, and grade level and tobacco use and perception of its harn among Mexican American youth. Results showed males more likely to use cigarettes (occasional and daily) and smokeless tobacco than females when grade, cul…
Violent Media Content and Aggressiveness in Adolescents: A Downward Spiral Model
Theory and research on media violence provides evidence that aggressive youth seek out media violence and that media violence prospectively predicts aggression in youth. The authors argue that both relationships, when modeled over time, should be mutually reinforcing, in what they call a downward spiral model. This study uses multilevel modeling to examine individual growth curves in aggressiveness and violent media use. The measure of use of med…
Concurrent and prospective effects of multi‐dimensional aggression and anger on adolescent alcohol use
This study examined the relationship between alcohol, anger, and aggression in high school students. Anger and three types of aggressive expression (verbal, physical toward people, and physical toward objects) were evaluated cross‐sectionally and prospectively, via structural equation modeling for relationships to alcohol use in Mexican American and white non‐Latino 9–10th (Time 1) and 11–12th grade (Time 2) students. At both times cross‐sectiona…
Multidimensional self-esteem and alcohol use among Mexican American and White non-Latino adolescents: Concurrent and prospective effects
Self-esteem was evaluated among Mexican American and White non-Latino adolescents. Three dimensions of self-esteem-(a) self-confidence, (b) competence, and (c) social acceptance-were assessed for concurrent and longitudinal relationships to alcohol use. Various concurrent relationships were found between dimensions of self-esteem and alcohol use. Only 1 prospective effect was found, among Mexican American female adolescents, indicating that prior…
Predictors of Aggressive Behaviors among Rural Middle School Youth
Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers
The purpose of the current study was to test whether perceived peer influence is related to image of a typical smoker, and whether image of a typical smoker is associated with beliefs about the effects of smoking among preadolescent nonsmokers. Two hundred and ninety-two preadolescents completed a survey indicating their perceptions of the prevalence and encouragement for smoking among peers, image of a typical smoker, beliefs about the social an…
Peer Influence, Images of Smokers, and Beliefs about Smoking among Preadolescent Nonsmokers
Parental Monitoring, Peer Drug Involvement, and Marijuana Use Across Three Ethnicities
The purposes of the present study were to test differences in parental monitoring and marijuana use rates and relationships among constructs across three ethnicities, and to use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Van de Vijver and Leung's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique to test for cultural equivalence and item bias in the measurement of these constructs. Participants included 7,500 Mexican American, African American, and non-Hispanic …
The Latina Breast Cancer Screening Sacle: Beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening
The Latina Breast Cancer Screening (LBCS) was developed to measure Latinas' culturally-shared health beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. A 60-item LBCS scale was tested with 288 participants and reduced to 35 items using principal components analyses. The 35-item LBCS scale and other measures were administered to a second sample of 147 participants to establish the scale's validity and reliability. A six-factor solution sugge…
Rurality, Region, Ethnic Community Make-Up and Alcohol Use Among Rural Youth: Alcohol Use Among Rural Youth
PURPOSE: As the most widely used substance among adolescents in the United States, alcohol remains a critical public health issue. The majority of research in this area has focused on individual-level variables. This study examined the contextual effects of rurality, geographic region, and community ethnicity in the prediction of alcohol use among adolescent youth. METHOD: Participants were 7th-12th grade students from a sample of 260 rural commu…
Physical, Social, and Perceived Availabilities of Alcohol and Last Month Alcohol Use in Rural and Small Urban Communities
The Normative Environment for Drug Use: Comparisons among American Indian and White Adolescents
The current study examined the influence of descriptive norms, injunctive norms, perceived outcome expectancies, and ethnicity on marijuana and inhalant use among 2334 American Indian (AI) and White high school students who lived on or near reservations in the United States. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted with survey data collected during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 school years. Results suggest differences between ethni…
Outcome Expectancies, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use: American Indian and White Adolescents
The normative environment for substance use among American Indian students and White students attending schools on or near reservations
American Indian and White students who attended the same schools located on or near reservations were surveyed to determine the comparative normative environment for substance use. Descriptive norms increased and student injunctive norms decreased across grade in school. Female students reported higher levels of descriptive norms compared to male students. For marijuana use, a substantial decrease in student injunctive norms occurred between grad…
Alcohol consumption among rural African American and White adolescents: The role of religion, parents, and peers
Although studies have examined ethnic differences in psychosocial factors and adolescent alcohol use, most have not examined these relationships for rural adolescents. The Community Drug and Alcohol Survey (CDAS) was completed by 23,163 rural adolescents attending African American secondary schools. Multilevel analysis tested the hypothesis of stronger relationships of peer use and religiosity with alcohol use and a weaker relationship for parent…
Self‐esteem, cultural identification, and substance use among American Indian youth
The literature on cultural identification and substance use among minority youth is unclear. It was anticipated that consideration of self-esteem as a potential mediator or moderator might help clarify some of the confusion. However, no moderating effects were found and mediating effects were limited to female high school students for marijuana. Consideration should be given to assessing other measures of cultural identification and subscales of …
Latent Class Analysis and Predictors of Marijuana Use among Reservation-based American Indian High School Students
American Indian (AI) youth residing on reservations report higher rates of marijuana use compared to national youth. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify unique types of marijuana use among 2,884 AI high school students surveyed from 26 schools across six indigenous geographic regions. Predictors of class membership were then assessed using social, cultural, and individual measures relevant to adolescent substance use. Classes and pre…
Be under your own influence: Effectiveness of a Culturally‐Adapted drug prevention campaign targeting Reservation‐Dwelling American Indian youth
Be Under Your Own Influence (BUYOI) is a previously validated school-based intervention designed to delay adolescent substance use (SU) initiation. This study examined the effectiveness of a culturally-adapted version of BUYOI in delaying SU initiation among reservation-dwelling American Indian (AI) youth. Five reservation-based middle schools participated. Three schools were randomly assigned to receive BUYOI-AI (N = 321), and two schools served…
Opioid Misuse Among American Indian Adolescents
Objectives. To present data for opioid misuse among US reservation-based American Indian (AI) adolescents and to compare these data with national rates from Monitoring the Future (MTF). Methods. Data were from a national sample of 33 schools participating in a substance use epidemiological survey of reservation-based AI adolescents during 2018 and 2019. Participants were 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade AI students (n = 1592). Measures included 12-mon…
Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the Covid-19 Crisis
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to the lives of American Indian (AI) adolescents. While reservation-area AI youth already have a higher risk of substance use (SU) compared to their non-AI peers, COVID-19 stressors likely exacerbated this risk. However, COVID-19-specific and general resilience factors may have buffered against increased SU over the course of the pandemic. Using a person-centered, ecosystemic framework …
School-related Promotive Factors Related to Cannabis Use Among American Indian Adolescents
Psychology (25 works) · Medicine (19 works) · Clinical Psychology (16 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (16 works) · Clinical Psychology (14 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Psychiatry (11 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Demography (9 works)