Jennifer Leaning
Biographic Data
| ID | 117169 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jennifer Leaning |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jennifer |
| FAMILY NAME | Leaning |
| SIGNATURE | LEANING J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5390-2858 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 22 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Do we really want to know? The journey to implement empirical research recommendations in the ICRC's responses in Myanmar and Lebanon
Efforts to reduce the gap between the research evidence base and humanitarian responses have focused on producing quality evidence and ensuring its use in decision‐making. Yet, how evidence translates into field‐level implementation is not well understood in humanitarian contexts. This study analysed how recommendations produced through academic research partnerships were implemented by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Leban…
The health and security of women and girls following disaster: A qualitative investigation in post-earthquake Nepal
Conducting operational research in humanitarian settings: Is there a shared path for humanitarians, national public health authorities and academics
In humanitarian contexts, it is a difficult and multi-faceted task to enlist academics, humanitarian actors and health authorities in a collaborative research effort. The lack of research in such settings has been widely described in the past decade, but few have analysed the challenges in building strong and balanced research partnerships. The major issues include considering operational priorities, ethical imperatives and power differentials. T…
The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network: Setting a Mental Health Agenda for the Region
Addressing the psychological mechanisms and structural inequalities that underpin mental health issues is critical to recovery following disasters and pandemics. The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network was established in June 2020 in response to the current disaster climate and to foster advancements in disaster-oriented mental health research, practice and policy across the region. Supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) Themati…
Understanding war trauma
Adolescents' perspectives on the psychological effects of natural disasters in China and Nepal
Adolescents are disproportionately represented in nations vulnerable to humanitarian crises. The mental health effects of exposure to trauma are significant, but evidence concerning the experience of disaster-affected adolescents in Asia is limited. The current study aimed to investigate expressions of psychological distress and behavioral effects of exposure to natural disasters among adolescents in China and Nepal. Key informant interviews and …
Utilization of primary health care services among Syrian refugee and Lebanese women targeted by the ICRC program in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Despite the ICRC reaching the most vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese communities, the population-based survey revealed that important gaps exist in terms of utilization of health care services among women of reproductive age and their children. A stronger outreach component is needed to address lack of awareness. Innovative solutions are also needed to address cost barriers at the levels of both facility and individual user
Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria
BACKGROUND: Quantifying the effect of natural disasters on society is critical for recovery of public health services and infrastructure. The death toll can be difficult to assess in the aftermath of a major disaster. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused massive infrastructural damage to Puerto Rico, but its effect on mortality remains contentious. The official death count is 64. METHODS: Using a representative, stratified sample, we surveye…
The Path to Last Resort: The Role of Early Warning & Early Action
For just war doctrine to apply, the last resort requirement to exhaust all measures short-of-war must be fulfilled. Because of research and policy developments in the last fifteen years, the international community is now equipped with a richer understanding of how wars and atrocities evolve through time, improved precision about trigger points and risk factors that may accelerate that evolution, growing consensus on what prevention and mitigatio…
Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in sub Saharan Africa
Driven by the need to better understand the full and intergenerational toll of maternal mortality (MM), a mixed-methods study was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the impacts of maternal death on families and children. The present analysis identifies gender as a fundamental driver not only of maternal, but also child health, through manifestations of gender inequity in household decision making, labor and caregivin…
The political origins of health inequity: Prospects for change
Despite large gains in health over the past few decades, the distribution of health risks worldwide remains extremely and unacceptably uneven. Although the health sector has a crucial role in addressing health inequalities, its eff orts often come into confl ict with powerful global actors in pursuit of other interests such as protection of national security, safeguarding of sovereignty, or economic goals. This is the starting point of The Lancet…
Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict, and Public Health
Global disasters, both natural and man-made, affect health in many ways, as reviewed in this article in the Global Health series.
Public health equity in refugee situations
Addressing increasing concerns about public health equity in the context of violent conflict and the consequent forced displacement of populations is complex. Important operational questions now faced by humanitarian agencies can to some extent be clarified by reference to relevant ethical theory. Priorities of service delivery, the allocation choices, and the processes by which they are arrived at are now coming under renewed scrutiny in the lig…
Enforced Displacement of Civilian Populations in War: A Potential New Element in Crimes against Humanity
Forced migration in war is known to arise from serious assaults on populations and is known to carry serious consequences for the people who move. In the context of international humanitarian law, forced migration is viewed as a survival strategy, a resort to flight in order to get out of the way of hostile action. The varieties of injuries associated with forced migration have been largely assigned to the category of unavoidable or difficult-to-…
Patterns of sexual violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Reports from survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital in 2006
Despite the signing of international peace agreements, a deadly war continues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and sexual violence is a prominent modus operandi of many military groups operating in the region. Retrospective cohort study of women who presented to Panzi Hospital in 2006 requesting post-sexual violence care. Data was extracted and analyzed to describe the patterns of sexual violence. A total of 1,021 medical records were re…
Employment of a livelihoods analysis to define genocide in the Darfur region of Sudan
In Darfur, Sudan, since March 2003, between 170,000 and 255,000 non-Arab Darfurians have been killed in a genocidal campaign waged by the Government of Sudan. Diplomats, humanitarian aid workers, medical professionals, academics, human rights activists, journalists and legal scholars have engaged in vigorous and significant debate about whether these killings and related assaults constitute the crime of genocide, as defined in the UN Genocide Con…
The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947
We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931-41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater betwee…
Psychosocial Well-Being over Time
Linking Rights and Standards: The Process of Developing 'Rights-based' Minimum Standards on Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid
This article examines the recent revision of the Sphere Minimum Standards in disaster response relating to food security, nutrition and food aid. It describes how the revision attempted to incorporate the principles of the Humanitarian Charter, as well as relevant human rights principles and values into the Sphere Minimum Standards. The initial aim of the revision was to ensure that the Sphere Minimum Standards better reflected the principles emb…
Human Rights and Conflict
Studies of past instances of mass violence have identified general categories of significant precursor trends and events, such as the crucial influence of elite incitement of ethnic tensions, economic plundering and corruption, rampant small-arms trade, denial of basic human rights, and collapse of respected constraining authority.1-5 These crises do not simply erupt without notice; informed and aware people on the ground can sense and identify s…
Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses
Questions coming late in the day
The short-term effect of patient health status assessment in a health maintenance organization
Effects of nuclear war on health and health services
The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947
We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931-41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater betwee…
Psychosocial Well-Being over Time
Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in sub Saharan Africa
Driven by the need to better understand the full and intergenerational toll of maternal mortality (MM), a mixed-methods study was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the impacts of maternal death on families and children. The present analysis identifies gender as a fundamental driver not only of maternal, but also child health, through manifestations of gender inequity in household decision making, labor and caregivin…
Linking Rights and Standards: The Process of Developing 'Rights-based' Minimum Standards on Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid
This article examines the recent revision of the Sphere Minimum Standards in disaster response relating to food security, nutrition and food aid. It describes how the revision attempted to incorporate the principles of the Humanitarian Charter, as well as relevant human rights principles and values into the Sphere Minimum Standards. The initial aim of the revision was to ensure that the Sphere Minimum Standards better reflected the principles emb…
Adolescents' perspectives on the psychological effects of natural disasters in China and Nepal
Adolescents are disproportionately represented in nations vulnerable to humanitarian crises. The mental health effects of exposure to trauma are significant, but evidence concerning the experience of disaster-affected adolescents in Asia is limited. The current study aimed to investigate expressions of psychological distress and behavioral effects of exposure to natural disasters among adolescents in China and Nepal. Key informant interviews and …
Enforced Displacement of Civilian Populations in War: A Potential New Element in Crimes against Humanity
Forced migration in war is known to arise from serious assaults on populations and is known to carry serious consequences for the people who move. In the context of international humanitarian law, forced migration is viewed as a survival strategy, a resort to flight in order to get out of the way of hostile action. The varieties of injuries associated with forced migration have been largely assigned to the category of unavoidable or difficult-to-…
Human Rights and Conflict
Studies of past instances of mass violence have identified general categories of significant precursor trends and events, such as the crucial influence of elite incitement of ethnic tensions, economic plundering and corruption, rampant small-arms trade, denial of basic human rights, and collapse of respected constraining authority.1-5 These crises do not simply erupt without notice; informed and aware people on the ground can sense and identify s…
Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses
Questions coming late in the day
Effects of nuclear war on health and health services
The short-term effect of patient health status assessment in a health maintenance organization
Questions coming late in the day
Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses
Human Rights and Conflict
Studies of past instances of mass violence have identified general categories of significant precursor trends and events, such as the crucial influence of elite incitement of ethnic tensions, economic plundering and corruption, rampant small-arms trade, denial of basic human rights, and collapse of respected constraining authority.1-5 These crises do not simply erupt without notice; informed and aware people on the ground can sense and identify s…
Psychosocial Well-Being over Time
Linking Rights and Standards: The Process of Developing 'Rights-based' Minimum Standards on Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid
This article examines the recent revision of the Sphere Minimum Standards in disaster response relating to food security, nutrition and food aid. It describes how the revision attempted to incorporate the principles of the Humanitarian Charter, as well as relevant human rights principles and values into the Sphere Minimum Standards. The initial aim of the revision was to ensure that the Sphere Minimum Standards better reflected the principles emb…
Employment of a livelihoods analysis to define genocide in the Darfur region of Sudan
In Darfur, Sudan, since March 2003, between 170,000 and 255,000 non-Arab Darfurians have been killed in a genocidal campaign waged by the Government of Sudan. Diplomats, humanitarian aid workers, medical professionals, academics, human rights activists, journalists and legal scholars have engaged in vigorous and significant debate about whether these killings and related assaults constitute the crime of genocide, as defined in the UN Genocide Con…
The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947
We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931-41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater betwee…
Patterns of sexual violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Reports from survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital in 2006
Despite the signing of international peace agreements, a deadly war continues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and sexual violence is a prominent modus operandi of many military groups operating in the region. Retrospective cohort study of women who presented to Panzi Hospital in 2006 requesting post-sexual violence care. Data was extracted and analyzed to describe the patterns of sexual violence. A total of 1,021 medical records were re…
Public health equity in refugee situations
Addressing increasing concerns about public health equity in the context of violent conflict and the consequent forced displacement of populations is complex. Important operational questions now faced by humanitarian agencies can to some extent be clarified by reference to relevant ethical theory. Priorities of service delivery, the allocation choices, and the processes by which they are arrived at are now coming under renewed scrutiny in the lig…
Enforced Displacement of Civilian Populations in War: A Potential New Element in Crimes against Humanity
Forced migration in war is known to arise from serious assaults on populations and is known to carry serious consequences for the people who move. In the context of international humanitarian law, forced migration is viewed as a survival strategy, a resort to flight in order to get out of the way of hostile action. The varieties of injuries associated with forced migration have been largely assigned to the category of unavoidable or difficult-to-…
Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict, and Public Health
Global disasters, both natural and man-made, affect health in many ways, as reviewed in this article in the Global Health series.
The political origins of health inequity: Prospects for change
Despite large gains in health over the past few decades, the distribution of health risks worldwide remains extremely and unacceptably uneven. Although the health sector has a crucial role in addressing health inequalities, its eff orts often come into confl ict with powerful global actors in pursuit of other interests such as protection of national security, safeguarding of sovereignty, or economic goals. This is the starting point of The Lancet…
Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in sub Saharan Africa
Driven by the need to better understand the full and intergenerational toll of maternal mortality (MM), a mixed-methods study was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the impacts of maternal death on families and children. The present analysis identifies gender as a fundamental driver not only of maternal, but also child health, through manifestations of gender inequity in household decision making, labor and caregivin…
The Path to Last Resort: The Role of Early Warning & Early Action
For just war doctrine to apply, the last resort requirement to exhaust all measures short-of-war must be fulfilled. Because of research and policy developments in the last fifteen years, the international community is now equipped with a richer understanding of how wars and atrocities evolve through time, improved precision about trigger points and risk factors that may accelerate that evolution, growing consensus on what prevention and mitigatio…
Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria
BACKGROUND: Quantifying the effect of natural disasters on society is critical for recovery of public health services and infrastructure. The death toll can be difficult to assess in the aftermath of a major disaster. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused massive infrastructural damage to Puerto Rico, but its effect on mortality remains contentious. The official death count is 64. METHODS: Using a representative, stratified sample, we surveye…
Utilization of primary health care services among Syrian refugee and Lebanese women targeted by the ICRC program in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Despite the ICRC reaching the most vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese communities, the population-based survey revealed that important gaps exist in terms of utilization of health care services among women of reproductive age and their children. A stronger outreach component is needed to address lack of awareness. Innovative solutions are also needed to address cost barriers at the levels of both facility and individual user
Conducting operational research in humanitarian settings: Is there a shared path for humanitarians, national public health authorities and academics
In humanitarian contexts, it is a difficult and multi-faceted task to enlist academics, humanitarian actors and health authorities in a collaborative research effort. The lack of research in such settings has been widely described in the past decade, but few have analysed the challenges in building strong and balanced research partnerships. The major issues include considering operational priorities, ethical imperatives and power differentials. T…
The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network: Setting a Mental Health Agenda for the Region
Addressing the psychological mechanisms and structural inequalities that underpin mental health issues is critical to recovery following disasters and pandemics. The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network was established in June 2020 in response to the current disaster climate and to foster advancements in disaster-oriented mental health research, practice and policy across the region. Supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) Themati…
Understanding war trauma
Adolescents' perspectives on the psychological effects of natural disasters in China and Nepal
Adolescents are disproportionately represented in nations vulnerable to humanitarian crises. The mental health effects of exposure to trauma are significant, but evidence concerning the experience of disaster-affected adolescents in Asia is limited. The current study aimed to investigate expressions of psychological distress and behavioral effects of exposure to natural disasters among adolescents in China and Nepal. Key informant interviews and …
The health and security of women and girls following disaster: A qualitative investigation in post-earthquake Nepal
Do we really want to know? The journey to implement empirical research recommendations in the ICRC's responses in Myanmar and Lebanon
Efforts to reduce the gap between the research evidence base and humanitarian responses have focused on producing quality evidence and ensuring its use in decision‐making. Yet, how evidence translates into field‐level implementation is not well understood in humanitarian contexts. This study analysed how recommendations produced through academic research partnerships were implemented by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Leban…
Political science (18 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Medicine (13 works) · Health and Conflict Studies (12 works) · Law (11 works) · Law (9 works) · Nursing (9 works) · Geography (7 works) · Population (7 works) · Public health (7 works)