Ronald R Holden
Biographic Data
| ID | 118372 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ronald R Holden |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ronald R |
| FAMILY NAME | Holden |
| SIGNATURE | HOLDEN R R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Queen's University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9070-2510 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 40 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale: Some Satisfying and Frustrating Findings
As a tool for operationalizing basic psychological needs theory (an aspect of self-determination theory), the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) has become the primary self-report measure. Here, with a sample of 807 Canadian military members, we confirm the BPNSFS six content factor structure and, in supporting that structure, demonstrate the differential association of satisfaction and frustration scales with p…
Writing a suicide note: Testing the effects of childhood trauma and psychache
Using a cross-sectional design, this study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and the writing of a suicide note as well as the mediation and moderation effects of psychache (i.e., psychological pain) on this relationship. A non-clinical sample of 1012 young adults aged 17 to 29 years ( M = 19.56; SD = 1.94; 3.7% > 25 years) participated. A mediation model was tested using path analysis through structural equation modeling, and a m…
NEO Personality Inventory – Revised Personality Facet Profiles Related to Commitment to the Priesthood: A Latent Profile Analysis
Measuring Suicide Risk Without Asking About Suicide? Psychache Scale Score Validation and Cut Score Development in a Military Sample
This study evaluated the ability of scores on the self-report Psychache Scale (PAS) to subtly screen pre-existing suicide risk factors in a military population. For 525 Canadian military personnel, PAS normative data were established, and scores demonstrated high internal consistency reliability. Based on associations with a rationally constructed measure of suicidality, PAS scores possessed large effect sizes, convergent validity. The PAS also h…
An analysis of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale: Some painful and provocative findings
This research investigated the latent structure and correlates of the 26-item Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES). For a sample of 290 community respondents, results from parallel analysis indicated a 5-factor structure. Based on principal axis factoring with varimax rotation, scales of Intense physicality, Physical and mental trauma, Physical risk taking, Psychopathy, and Body enhancement were constructed, and these demonstrated a patter…
Factor structure and proposed scoring revision of the Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale: Getting more from less
The Mediating Role of Tolerance for Psychological Pain in the Relationship Between Different Types of Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Suicidal Ideation
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the mediating effects of facets of the tolerance for psychological pain on the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation. A sample of 437 community individuals and a sample of 316 college students participated. For the community sample, managing the pain mediated the relationship between childhood trauma, the different types of traumatic experiences and suicidal ideation. In the co…
Staying in Pastoral Ministry: Which Is More Influential—Personality Health or Professional Seminary Training
Results from Two Countries on How Thwarted Interpersonal Needs Contribute to Understanding Self-Harm
Self-harming behavior (SHB) represents an important public health issue and is one of the most critical predictors of completed death by suicide. The current study evaluated the incremental contribution of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide constructs of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness for the prediction of SHB beyond that associated with having a psychiatric diagnosis. Community adults from two different countries included a…
Factor structure and proposed scoring revision of the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale
The development of psychometrically sound measures to assess mental pain are important because research has consistently demonstrated a robust relationship to suicide risk. The current research evaluated the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS) structure, a suicide-relevant measure intended to articulate pain into affective, cognitive, and behavioral facets. As the first Western study to evaluate the TDPPS structure with non-Chinese…
The multidimensionality of suicide risk factors and criteria in a nonclinical population: Replication across two countries and two languages
Across two countries and two languages, this research examined the multidimensional associations between suicidality (e.g., past ideation/attempts, communication of intent) and empirically important psychological risk factors (e.g., mental pain, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness). For samples of 228 Canadian and 331 Portuguese university undergraduates, four dimensions emerged in each sample with two of these, intrapersonal and int…
Psychological factors related to self‐disclosure and relationship formation in the online environment
The current research constructs a measure of one's willingness to form online relationships and disclose personal and private information and examines how this measure relates to personality and individual differences. In Study 1, we developed a measure to assess one's Openness to Form Online Relationships (OFOR). Two factors emerged: Engagement and Suspicion. Results indicated that individuals who reported higher OFOR Engagement also self‐report…
Psychache, unmet interpersonal needs, childhood trauma and suicide ideation in young adults
This 5-month, 2-wave study evaluated the mediating effects of psychache and unmet interpersonal needs on the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide ideation in 208 young adults, controlling for depression. Path analysis demonstrated that changes in depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and changes in positive suicide ideation, and that changes in depression a…
Dimensionality of Suicide Behaviors: Results within Two Samples from Two Different Countries
Across two countries and two languages, this research examined the multidimensional associations of suicide behaviors (i.e., life-time attempts, life-time communication of intent to others, life-time self-harming, life-time suicide notes, and current suicide ideation) and empirically relevant psychological risk factors (i.e., different facets of mental pain, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability), controlling f…
Psychological pain and suicidal ideation in undergraduates: The role of pain avoidance
In the present study, the first with a Western sample, we tested the relationship between three dimensions of psychological pain and suicidal ideation in a sample of 331 Portuguese college students. When controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms, the avoidance dimension, but not the cognitive and affective dimensions of psychological pain, made a significant contribution in predicting the three indicators of suicidal ideation. According t…
Differentiating conscientious from indiscriminate responders in existing NEO-Five Factor Inventory-3 data
Assessing psychache as a suicide risk variable: Data with the Portuguese version of the psychache scale
Several studies have consistently related psychological pain to suicide risk. Psychache, according to Shneidman's perspective and measured by the Psychache Scale has been confirmed as an important variable in risk prediction. In the present study, we evaluated psychache as a construct related to suicide risk using data obtained with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale translated from the original English version. A community sample of 6…
Parental rejection, personality, and depression in the prediction of suicidality in a sample of nonclinical young adults
This study tested a prediction model of suicidality in a sample of young adults. Predictor variables included perceived parental rejection, self-criticism, neediness, and depression. Participants (N 5 165) responded to the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire,theInventoryforAssessingMemoriesofParentalRearingBehavior, theCenterforEpidemiologicalStudiesDepressionScale,andtheSuicideBehaviors Questionnaire—Revised. Perceived parental rejection, perso…
Testing a Theory-Based Model of Suicidality in a Community Sample
The aim of the present study is to test a theory-based model of suicide in a low-risk nonclinical sample. A community sample of convenience of 200 adults, 102 men and 98 women, responded to the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale, the Psychache Scale, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire Revised. The hypothesized structural equation model, inc…
Does psychache mediate the relationship between general distress and suicide ideation
This study evaluated whether psychache (i.e., mental pain) mediates the association between general distress, assessed as the frequency and the intensity of psychological symptoms in the previous week, and suicide ideation in community adults. For a sample of 202 adults, psychache fully mediated the relationship between suicide ideation and the frequency of psychological symptoms, and partially mediated the relationship between suicide ideation a…
Self-report depressive symptoms do not directly predict suicidality in nonclinical individuals: Contributions toward a more psychosocial approach to suicide risk
Although suicidality is associated with mental illness in general and depression in particular, many depressed individuals do not attempt suicide and some individuals who attempt to or do die by suicide do not present depressive symptoms. This article aims to contribute to a more psychosocial approach to understanding suicide risk in nonclinical populations. In advocating a psychosocial perspective rather than a depression-focused approach, this …
The Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale outperforms the Bidr Impression Management Scale for identifying fakers
Examining the Importance of Mental Pain and Physical Dissociation and the Fluid Nature of Suicidality in Young Suicide Attempters
This study evaluated the importance of distress (i.e., mental pain, tolerance of mental pain, and depression) and physical dissociation factors for a group of young suicide attempters. Analyses indicated that those with higher current suicidality also evidenced higher current levels of depression and mental pain, lower mental pain tolerance, and higher physical dissociation. However, no correlations between suicidality and distress or physical di…
Factorial Differentiation Among Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in Statistically Predicting Suicidality
Construct validity evidence for measures of depression, hopelessness, and psychache was evaluated with 2,974 undergraduates. Analyses indicated three dimensions each contributing to statistically predicting suicide ideation. Contribution patterns supported the differential validity of these dimensions. Whereas hopelessness most strongly contributed to suicide motivation, psychache contributed most strongly to suicide preparation
The Relationship between Female Sexual Arousal and Response Bias in Women with and without Provoked Vestibulodynia
Smaller correlations have typically been found between genital and subjective sexual arousal in female versus male samples. This study evaluated the association between response bias and the relationship between genital and subjective arousal (i.e., concordance) in women with (n = 20) and without (n = 21) provoked vestibulodynia. Participants (M = 21.27 years, SD = 2.27) underwent blood flow imaging via a laser Doppler imager to assess genital re…
The personal acquaintance measure: A tool for appraising one's acquaintance with any person
The authors developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the 18-item Personal Acquaintance Measure (PAM) and investigated how the PAM relates to self- other agreement in personality ratings. Results support that 6 factors represent the PAM (Duration, Frequency of Interaction, Knowledge of Goals, Physical Intimacy, Self-Disclosure, Social Network Familiarity), which showed evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability over 3 …
Response latency evidence for viewing personality traits as schema indicators
The Relationship between Female Sexual Arousal and Response Bias in Women with and without Provoked Vestibulodynia
Smaller correlations have typically been found between genital and subjective sexual arousal in female versus male samples. This study evaluated the association between response bias and the relationship between genital and subjective arousal (i.e., concordance) in women with (n = 20) and without (n = 21) provoked vestibulodynia. Participants (M = 21.27 years, SD = 2.27) underwent blood flow imaging via a laser Doppler imager to assess genital re…
A model of personality test item response dissimulation
A general model of faking on self-report personality test items is proposed and empirically evaluated. The model predicts that differential test item response latencies should be faster for schema-congruent test answers than for noncongruent responses. Thus, individuals faking good should take relatively longer to endorse socially undesirable test item content than desirable test item content. Conversely, individuals faking bad should endorse soc…
Three common social desirability scales: Friends, acquaintances, or strangers
Structured personality test item characteristics and validity
Does psychache mediate the relationship between general distress and suicide ideation
This study evaluated whether psychache (i.e., mental pain) mediates the association between general distress, assessed as the frequency and the intensity of psychological symptoms in the previous week, and suicide ideation in community adults. For a sample of 202 adults, psychache fully mediated the relationship between suicide ideation and the frequency of psychological symptoms, and partially mediated the relationship between suicide ideation a…
Self-report depressive symptoms do not directly predict suicidality in nonclinical individuals: Contributions toward a more psychosocial approach to suicide risk
Although suicidality is associated with mental illness in general and depression in particular, many depressed individuals do not attempt suicide and some individuals who attempt to or do die by suicide do not present depressive symptoms. This article aims to contribute to a more psychosocial approach to understanding suicide risk in nonclinical populations. In advocating a psychosocial perspective rather than a depression-focused approach, this …
Differentiating Between Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in University Undergraduates
The overlap between depression, hopelessness, and psychache constructs was investigated using 587 undergraduates. Analyses indicated three correlated dimensions; among these, psychache accounts for more variance in depression and hopelessness than these latter variables account for in psychache. All constructs demonstrated convergent validity, but psychache was associated with the widest range of suicide criteria. These findings support that psyc…
Do response time limitations counteract the effect of faking on personality inventory validity
Different models of lying on personality scales make discrepant predictions on the association between faking and item response time. The current research investigated response time restriction as a method for reducing the influence of faking on personality scale validity. In 3 assessment simulations involving 540 university undergraduates responding to 2 common, psychometrically strong personality inventories, no evidence emerged to indicate tha…
Psychological pain and suicidal ideation in undergraduates: The role of pain avoidance
In the present study, the first with a Western sample, we tested the relationship between three dimensions of psychological pain and suicidal ideation in a sample of 331 Portuguese college students. When controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms, the avoidance dimension, but not the cognitive and affective dimensions of psychological pain, made a significant contribution in predicting the three indicators of suicidal ideation. According t…
Differentiating conscientious from indiscriminate responders in existing NEO-Five Factor Inventory-3 data
Assessing psychache as a suicide risk variable: Data with the Portuguese version of the psychache scale
Several studies have consistently related psychological pain to suicide risk. Psychache, according to Shneidman's perspective and measured by the Psychache Scale has been confirmed as an important variable in risk prediction. In the present study, we evaluated psychache as a construct related to suicide risk using data obtained with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale translated from the original English version. A community sample of 6…
The Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale outperforms the Bidr Impression Management Scale for identifying fakers
Incremental Validity of Response Latencies for Detecting Fakers on a Personality Test
The Construct Heuristic Applied To The Measurement Of Psychopathology
Three samples consisting of normal adults (n=182), psychiatric patients (n=352) and high school students (n=1,485) were used to evaluate the empirical item structure of the Basic Personality Inventory. Using a principal components model with a confirmatory rotation, 96, 99, and 98 percent of the items loaded appropriately on their respective scales. No items were found to load inappropriately across all three samples, 219 of 220 items loaded appr…
Desirability and Frequency of Endorsement Scale Values and Endorsement Proportions for Items of the Basic Personality Inventory
This paper reports the judged desirability and judged frequency of endorsement for the 240 Basic Personality Inventory items. The endorsement proportions in normal adult, psychiatric, and high school samples are also reported. Comparisons between the Basic Personality Inventory, California Psychological Inventory, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory indicate that although the first inventory has a greater dispersion of desirability sc…
The Multidimensionality of Person Reliability: Implications for Interpreting Individual Test Item Responses
Person reliability concerns the response consistency of a single respondent to a number of psychological tests or test items. This study investigated various coefficients of person reliability, including both measures of within- and between-occasion consistency. Using a one-month test-retest interval, 123 undergraduates completed a 12-scale, 240-item, true-false inventory measuring various dimensions of psychopathology. Six consistency measures w…
Structured personality test item characteristics and validity
Temporal Personality Variations among Participants from a University Subject Pool
This study examined personality differences in participants from a university subject pool as a function of the time of participation during the academic term and year. For 150 introductory psychology students with required participation in a subject pool, significant associations were found between time of participation and specific personality variables as measured by Jackson's Personality Research Form. Significant temporal associations with m…
Temporal Personality Variations Among Participants From a University Subject Pool
This study examined personality diff~rences in participants from a university subject pool as a function of the time of participation during the academic term and year. For 150 introductory psychology students with required parcicipation in a subject pool, significa~t associations were found between time of participation and specific personality variables as measured by Jackson's Personality Research Form. Significant temporal associations with m…
Psychometric Evaluation of the Microcomputerized Personality Research Form
This study examined the psychometric properties of a microcomputerized version of the Personality Research Form-Form E (PFR-E; Jackson, 1984). Scale means and standard deviations were generally similar to published norms for the paper-and-pencil version. In addition, content scales were homogeneous and stable, and showed evident of convergent and discriminant validity. Although the Social Desirability response style scale was reliable, the Infreq…
A Regression Equation for the Parallel Analysis Criterion in Principal Components Analysis: Mean and 95th Percentile Eigenvalues
Monte Carlo research increasingly seems to favor the use of parallel analysis as a method for determining the "correct" number of factors in factor analysis or components in principal components analysis. We present a regression equation for predicting parallel analysis values used to decide the number of principal components to retain. This equation is appropriate for predicting criterion mean eigenvalues and was derived from random data sets co…
Three common social desirability scales: Friends, acquaintances, or strangers
Associations Between the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory in a Nonclinical Sample
Associations between the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory in a Nonclinical Sample
Associations between psychopathology measured by the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and normal personality measured by the NEO Five-factor Inventory were investigated using a sample of 64 first-year undergraduates. Analysis supported the validity of scales of each inventory and indicated significant quantitative links between measures of psychopathology and normal personality
Response latency evidence for viewing personality traits as schema indicators
A model of personality test item response dissimulation
A general model of faking on self-report personality test items is proposed and empirically evaluated. The model predicts that differential test item response latencies should be faster for schema-congruent test answers than for noncongruent responses. Thus, individuals faking good should take relatively longer to endorse socially undesirable test item content than desirable test item content. Conversely, individuals faking bad should endorse soc…
Comparing Different Methods for Implementing Parallel Analysis: A Practical Index of Accuracy
Of the various methods and rules-of-thumb for deciding the 4correct" number of components to retain in principal components analysis, parallel analysis is arguably the most useful. Recently, researchers have become interested in developing alternative methods of implementing parallel analysis and of comparing their accuracy. The accuracy of three methods of implementing parallel analysis with mean eigenvalues (regression, interpolation, and compu…
Interpolating 95Th Percentile Eigenvalues from Random Data: An Empirical Example
Selecting the "correct" number of components to retain in principal components analysis is crucial. Parallel analysis, which requires a comparison of eigenvalues from observed and random data, is a highly promising strategy for making this decision. This paper focuses on linear interpolation, which has been shown to be an accurate method of implementing parallel analysis. Specifically, this article contains tables of 95th percentile eigenvalues f…
Faking and its Detection on the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory
This paper describes an index for the detection of fakers on the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory. Initially, the index is constructed and validated using an experimental paradigm. Subsequently, cut-off scores are developed based on a consideration of distributions of the index scores for the experimental groups (n = 101), for general psychiatric patients (n = 64), and for the general adult normative population (n = 564)
Incremental Validity of Response Latencies for Detecting Fakers on a Personality Test
The Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and Sexual Efficacy in Urological Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
This paper examined the relationship between psychological adjustment and sexual ability in a sample of 33 men with erectile dysfunction and their spouses. Indices of sexual efficacy converged and were negatively associated with self-reported depression. Data are interpreted as confirming the association between erectile dysfunction and psychological disturbance and as providing evidence of validity for the Holden Psychological Screening Inventor…
Development and preliminary validation of a scale of psychache.
This article details the construction and psychometric evaluation of a scale of psychache. Two studies were conducted to describe the Psychache Scale's development and construct validity with 505 university undergraduate participants. Analyses indicated that the scale of psychache had strong internal consistency reliability, criterion validity for indicating various suicide criteria, and incremental validity, relative to other established psychol…
Associations Between the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and the Personality Assessment Screener in a Nonclinical Sample
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Associations between the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and the Personality Assessment Screener in a Nonclinical Sample
Associations between two screening inventories of psychopathology were investigated using a sample of 156 first-year undergraduates. Analyses supported the reliability and validity of all Holden Psychological Screening Inventory scales, but only of some of the Personality Assessment Screener scales. Orthogonal dimensions of Depression, General Distress, and Antisocial Tendencies represented the common latent structure of the two inventories
Associations Between the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and the Personality Assessment Screener in a Nonclinical Sample
Do response time limitations counteract the effect of faking on personality inventory validity
Different models of lying on personality scales make discrepant predictions on the association between faking and item response time. The current research investigated response time restriction as a method for reducing the influence of faking on personality scale validity. In 3 assessment simulations involving 540 university undergraduates responding to 2 common, psychometrically strong personality inventories, no evidence emerged to indicate tha…
The personal acquaintance measure: A tool for appraising one's acquaintance with any person
The authors developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the 18-item Personal Acquaintance Measure (PAM) and investigated how the PAM relates to self- other agreement in personality ratings. Results support that 6 factors represent the PAM (Duration, Frequency of Interaction, Knowledge of Goals, Physical Intimacy, Self-Disclosure, Social Network Familiarity), which showed evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability over 3 …
Differentiating Between Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in University Undergraduates
The overlap between depression, hopelessness, and psychache constructs was investigated using 587 undergraduates. Analyses indicated three correlated dimensions; among these, psychache accounts for more variance in depression and hopelessness than these latter variables account for in psychache. All constructs demonstrated convergent validity, but psychache was associated with the widest range of suicide criteria. These findings support that psyc…
Psychology (45 works) · Clinical Psychology (35 works) · Social Psychology (25 works) · Clinical Psychology (23 works) · Personality (19 works) · Suicide and Self-Harm Studies (19 works) · Psychometrics (18 works) · Psychiatry (17 works) · Medicine (14 works) · Personality Traits and Psychology (13 works)